{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3198839083","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3459637.3482313","title":"Action Sequence Augmentation for Early Graph-based Anomaly Detection","display_name":"Action Sequence Augmentation for Early Graph-based Anomaly Detection","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-10-26","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3198839083","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3459637.3482313","mag":"3198839083"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3459637.3482313","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3459637.3482313","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 30th ACM International Conference on Information &amp; Knowledge Management","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"preprint","indexed_in":["arxiv","crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2010.10016","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5035766567","display_name":"Tong Zhao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7660-1732"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I107639228","display_name":"University of Notre Dame","ror":"https://ror.org/00mkhxb43","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I107639228"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tong Zhao","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I107639228"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5058733140","display_name":"Bo Ni","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2537-591X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I107639228","display_name":"University of Notre Dame","ror":"https://ror.org/00mkhxb43","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I107639228"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Bo Ni","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I107639228"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5028597555","display_name":"Wenhao Yu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4075-5980"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I107639228","display_name":"University of Notre Dame","ror":"https://ror.org/00mkhxb43","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I107639228"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wenhao Yu","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I107639228"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100932875","display_name":"Zhichun Guo","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I107639228","display_name":"University of Notre Dame","ror":"https://ror.org/00mkhxb43","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I107639228"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhichun Guo","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I107639228"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101799872","display_name":"Neil Shah","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3261-8430"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210142583","display_name":"Snap (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/04dgkhg68","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210142583"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Neil Shah","raw_affiliation_strings":["Snap Inc., Santa Monica, CA, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Snap Inc., Santa Monica, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210142583"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5074821819","display_name":"Meng Jiang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3009-519X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I107639228","display_name":"University of Notre Dame","ror":"https://ror.org/00mkhxb43","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I107639228"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Meng Jiang","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I107639228"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.8212,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":19,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.85881112,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"2668","last_page":"2678"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10400","display_name":"Network Security and Intrusion Detection","score":0.9980000257492065,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10400","display_name":"Network Security and Intrusion Detection","score":0.9980000257492065,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11644","display_name":"Spam and Phishing Detection","score":0.9968000054359436,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11273","display_name":"Advanced Graph Neural Networks","score":0.9930999875068665,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/anomaly-detection","display_name":"Anomaly detection","score":0.7854982614517212},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6711046099662781},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/exploit","display_name":"Exploit","score":0.5513347387313843},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/graph","display_name":"Graph","score":0.5414419770240784},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sequence","display_name":"Sequence (biology)","score":0.44282403588294983},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/anomaly","display_name":"Anomaly (physics)","score":0.41668862104415894},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-mining","display_name":"Data mining","score":0.38346001505851746},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.38074570894241333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/theoretical-computer-science","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","score":0.19526389241218567},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.1012861430644989},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/biology","display_name":"Biology","score":0.07967391610145569}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C739882","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3560506","display_name":"Anomaly detection","level":2,"score":0.7854982614517212},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6711046099662781},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165696696","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11287","display_name":"Exploit","level":2,"score":0.5513347387313843},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C132525143","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141488","display_name":"Graph","level":2,"score":0.5414419770240784},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778112365","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3511065","display_name":"Sequence (biology)","level":2,"score":0.44282403588294983},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12997251","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q567560","display_name":"Anomaly (physics)","level":2,"score":0.41668862104415894},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.38346001505851746},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.38074570894241333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C80444323","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2878974","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","level":1,"score":0.19526389241218567},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.1012861430644989},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.07967391610145569},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26873012","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q214781","display_name":"Condensed matter physics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54355233","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7162","display_name":"Genetics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/3459637.3482313","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3459637.3482313","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 30th ACM International Conference on Information &amp; Knowledge Management","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:2010.10016","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/2010.10016","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2010.10016","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:2010.10016","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/2010.10016","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2010.10016","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions","score":0.6200000047683716}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G672580057","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"IIS-1849816,CCF-1901059","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","display_name":"National Science Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/021nxhr62"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":80,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2022792389","https://openalex.org/W2064058256","https://openalex.org/W2064675550","https://openalex.org/W2089554624","https://openalex.org/W2130942839","https://openalex.org/W2136891251","https://openalex.org/W2157331557","https://openalex.org/W2182891243","https://openalex.org/W2468907370","https://openalex.org/W2519887557","https://openalex.org/W2547875792","https://openalex.org/W2548228487","https://openalex.org/W2565330852","https://openalex.org/W2610034660","https://openalex.org/W2624431344","https://openalex.org/W2739251211","https://openalex.org/W2766453196","https://openalex.org/W2783466287","https://openalex.org/W2798795235","https://openalex.org/W2807021761","https://openalex.org/W2809409545","https://openalex.org/W2809418595","https://openalex.org/W2906836970","https://openalex.org/W2912869854","https://openalex.org/W2944250323","https://openalex.org/W2949848919","https://openalex.org/W2949888546","https://openalex.org/W2949989211","https://openalex.org/W2950635152","https://openalex.org/W2951727499","https://openalex.org/W2952937126","https://openalex.org/W2962698238","https://openalex.org/W2962767366","https://openalex.org/W2963403868","https://openalex.org/W2964015378","https://openalex.org/W2964321699","https://openalex.org/W2965683718","https://openalex.org/W2965857891","https://openalex.org/W2983576094","https://openalex.org/W2990138404","https://openalex.org/W2998313947","https://openalex.org/W3002330681","https://openalex.org/W3006399446","https://openalex.org/W3009901425","https://openalex.org/W3025937945","https://openalex.org/W3028560702","https://openalex.org/W3035284886","https://openalex.org/W3035298482","https://openalex.org/W3035739162","https://openalex.org/W3036332725","https://openalex.org/W3037528277","https://openalex.org/W3040593772","https://openalex.org/W3045255111","https://openalex.org/W3068123808","https://openalex.org/W3081320135","https://openalex.org/W3081470858","https://openalex.org/W3091151248","https://openalex.org/W3093649180","https://openalex.org/W3093773625","https://openalex.org/W3098797593","https://openalex.org/W3099064659","https://openalex.org/W3100848837","https://openalex.org/W3101588560","https://openalex.org/W3101913790","https://openalex.org/W3102969158","https://openalex.org/W3105136071","https://openalex.org/W3105757720","https://openalex.org/W3130274530","https://openalex.org/W3152507776","https://openalex.org/W3154818219","https://openalex.org/W3165369424","https://openalex.org/W3167673482","https://openalex.org/W3174676107","https://openalex.org/W3197057534","https://openalex.org/W4285723986","https://openalex.org/W4287646604","https://openalex.org/W4288080214","https://openalex.org/W4288263923","https://openalex.org/W4294558607","https://openalex.org/W4385245566"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2806741695","https://openalex.org/W4290647774","https://openalex.org/W3189286258","https://openalex.org/W3207797160","https://openalex.org/W3210364259","https://openalex.org/W4300558037","https://openalex.org/W2912112202","https://openalex.org/W2667207928","https://openalex.org/W4377864969","https://openalex.org/W2972971679"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0],"proliferation":[1],"of":[2,27,92,120,123],"web":[3],"platforms":[4],"has":[5],"created":[6],"incentives":[7],"for":[8,79],"online":[9],"abuse.":[10],"Many":[11],"graph-based":[12,124],"anomaly":[13,81,107,125,130],"detection":[14,126,131],"techniques":[15],"are":[16],"proposed":[17],"to":[18,58,61,88,150],"identify":[19],"the":[20,30,33,46,97,118,153,156],"suspicious":[21],"accounts":[22],"and":[23,95,104],"behaviors.":[24,39],"However,":[25],"most":[26],"them":[28],"detect":[29],"anomalies":[31],"once":[32],"users":[34],"have":[35],"performed":[36],"many":[37],"such":[38],"Their":[40],"performance":[41,119,132],"is":[42,50,137],"substantially":[43],"hindered":[44],"when":[45],"users'":[47],"observed":[48,146],"data":[49,147],"limited":[51],"at":[52,133],"an":[53,134],"early":[54,80],"stage,":[55],"which":[56],"needs":[57],"be":[59],"improved":[60],"minimize":[62],"financial":[63],"loss.":[64],"In":[65],"this":[66],"work,":[67],"we":[68],"propose":[69],"Eland,":[70,129],"a":[71,85,121],"novel":[72],"framework":[73],"that":[74,115,142],"uses":[75],"action":[76,101],"sequence":[77,86,102],"augmentation":[78,103],"detection.":[82,108],"Eland":[83,116],"utilizes":[84],"predictor":[87],"predict":[89],"next":[90],"actions":[91],"every":[93],"user":[94],"exploits":[96],"mutual":[98],"enhancement":[99],"between":[100],"user-action":[105],"graph":[106],"Experiments":[109],"on":[110,152],"three":[111],"real-world":[112],"datasets":[113],"show":[114],"improves":[117],"variety":[122],"methods.":[127],"With":[128],"earlier":[135],"stage":[136],"better":[138],"than":[139],"non-augmented":[140],"methods":[141],"need":[143],"significantly":[144],"more":[145],"by":[148],"up":[149],"15%":[151],"Area":[154],"under":[155],"ROC":[157],"curve.":[158]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-07-03T08:13:44.112507","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
