{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3209428314","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3459637.3482297","title":"SimpleX","display_name":"SimpleX","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-10-26","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3209428314","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3459637.3482297","mag":"3209428314"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3459637.3482297","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3459637.3482297","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 30th ACM International Conference on Information &amp; Knowledge Management","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5074229248","display_name":"Kelong Mao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5648-568X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I78988378","display_name":"Renmin University of China","ror":"https://ror.org/041pakw92","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I78988378"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kelong Mao","raw_affiliation_strings":["Renmin University of China, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Renmin University of China, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I78988378"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5048669373","display_name":"Jieming Zhu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5666-8320"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2250955327","display_name":"Huawei Technologies (China)","ror":"https://ror.org/00cmhce21","country_code":"CN","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2250955327"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jieming Zhu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Huawei Noah's Ark Lab, Shenzhen, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Huawei Noah's Ark Lab, Shenzhen, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2250955327"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100376316","display_name":"Jinpeng Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4352-4897"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I99065089","display_name":"Tsinghua University","ror":"https://ror.org/03cve4549","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jinpeng Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5048783161","display_name":"Quanyu Dai","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7578-2738"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2250955327","display_name":"Huawei Technologies (China)","ror":"https://ror.org/00cmhce21","country_code":"CN","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2250955327"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Quanyu Dai","raw_affiliation_strings":["Huawei Noah's Ark Lab, Shenzhen, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Huawei Noah's Ark Lab, Shenzhen, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2250955327"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5021124418","display_name":"Zhenhua Dong","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2231-4663"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2250955327","display_name":"Huawei Technologies (China)","ror":"https://ror.org/00cmhce21","country_code":"CN","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2250955327"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhenhua Dong","raw_affiliation_strings":["Huawei Noah's Ark Lab, Shenzhen, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Huawei Noah's Ark Lab, Shenzhen, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2250955327"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101600503","display_name":"Xi Xiao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1521-9542"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I99065089","display_name":"Tsinghua University","ror":"https://ror.org/03cve4549","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xi Xiao","raw_affiliation_strings":["Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5083350101","display_name":"Xiuqiang He","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4115-8205"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2250955327","display_name":"Huawei Technologies (China)","ror":"https://ror.org/00cmhce21","country_code":"CN","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2250955327"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiuqiang He","raw_affiliation_strings":["Huawei Noah's Ark Lab, Shenzhen, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Huawei Noah's Ark Lab, Shenzhen, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2250955327"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":7,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":23.6131,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":132,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99561942,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":99,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1243","last_page":"1252"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10203","display_name":"Recommender Systems and Techniques","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10203","display_name":"Recommender Systems and Techniques","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11478","display_name":"Caching and Content Delivery","score":0.9854999780654907,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11995","display_name":"FinTech, Crowdfunding, Digital Finance","score":0.949400007724762,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1404","display_name":"Management Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/benchmark","display_name":"Benchmark (surveying)","score":0.6570103168487549},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sampling","display_name":"Sampling (signal processing)","score":0.6354237198829651},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6178556084632874},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/focus","display_name":"Focus (optics)","score":0.608466625213623},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/simplex","display_name":"Simplex","score":0.5676910877227783},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/function","display_name":"Function (biology)","score":0.5098368525505066},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/encoder","display_name":"Encoder","score":0.4901197850704193},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.4290618598461151},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematical-optimization","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","score":0.334553599357605},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/theoretical-computer-science","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","score":0.32392245531082153},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.23835936188697815},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/combinatorics","display_name":"Combinatorics","score":0.14099642634391785},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.10786384344100952}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185798385","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1161707","display_name":"Benchmark (surveying)","level":2,"score":0.6570103168487549},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C140779682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q210868","display_name":"Sampling (signal processing)","level":3,"score":0.6354237198829651},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6178556084632874},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192209626","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190909","display_name":"Focus (optics)","level":2,"score":0.608466625213623},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62438384","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q331350","display_name":"Simplex","level":2,"score":0.5676910877227783},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C14036430","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3736076","display_name":"Function (biology)","level":2,"score":0.5098368525505066},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118505674","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42586063","display_name":"Encoder","level":2,"score":0.4901197850704193},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.4290618598461151},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126255220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141495","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","level":1,"score":0.334553599357605},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C80444323","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2878974","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","level":1,"score":0.32392245531082153},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.23835936188697815},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C114614502","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q76592","display_name":"Combinatorics","level":1,"score":0.14099642634391785},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.10786384344100952},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78458016","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q840400","display_name":"Evolutionary biology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C13280743","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131089","display_name":"Geodesy","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C106131492","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3072260","display_name":"Filter (signal processing)","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/3459637.3482297","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3459637.3482297","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 30th ACM International Conference on Information &amp; Knowledge Management","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":42,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1987431925","https://openalex.org/W2054141820","https://openalex.org/W2101409192","https://openalex.org/W2138621090","https://openalex.org/W2512971201","https://openalex.org/W2604433096","https://openalex.org/W2605350416","https://openalex.org/W2614794251","https://openalex.org/W2624431344","https://openalex.org/W2741249238","https://openalex.org/W2762735242","https://openalex.org/W2798972759","https://openalex.org/W2807021761","https://openalex.org/W2894039884","https://openalex.org/W2912745432","https://openalex.org/W2945827670","https://openalex.org/W2950133940","https://openalex.org/W2950416834","https://openalex.org/W2963085847","https://openalex.org/W2963858333","https://openalex.org/W2966799427","https://openalex.org/W2971187489","https://openalex.org/W2981938486","https://openalex.org/W2984100107","https://openalex.org/W2998431760","https://openalex.org/W2999649805","https://openalex.org/W3021581561","https://openalex.org/W3023045848","https://openalex.org/W3035143414","https://openalex.org/W3035589558","https://openalex.org/W3038077885","https://openalex.org/W3044311607","https://openalex.org/W3045200674","https://openalex.org/W3080566854","https://openalex.org/W3080884086","https://openalex.org/W3094605801","https://openalex.org/W3098638686","https://openalex.org/W3100183072","https://openalex.org/W3100278010","https://openalex.org/W3100324210","https://openalex.org/W3100848837","https://openalex.org/W3153325943"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2378211422","https://openalex.org/W4321353415","https://openalex.org/W2745001401","https://openalex.org/W2130974462","https://openalex.org/W2028665553","https://openalex.org/W2086519370","https://openalex.org/W4246352526","https://openalex.org/W2121910908","https://openalex.org/W915438175","https://openalex.org/W4230315250"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Collaborative":[0],"filtering":[1],"(CF)":[2],"is":[3,77],"a":[4,15,94,129,142,163],"widely":[5],"studied":[6],"research":[7,170,180],"topic":[8],"in":[9,117,149],"recommender":[10],"systems.":[11],"The":[12],"learning":[13],"of":[14,40,47,68],"CF":[16,97,115],"model":[17],"generally":[18],"depends":[19],"on":[20,37,106,171,177],"three":[21],"major":[22],"components,":[23],"namely":[24],"interaction":[25,43],"encoder,":[26],"loss":[27,48,69,87,127,184],"function,":[28],"and":[29,50,89,110,128,186],"negative":[30,51,74,131,187],"sampling.":[31,188],"While":[32],"many":[33],"existing":[34,114],"studies":[35],"focus":[36],"the":[38,45,66,84,120,178],"design":[39],"more":[41],"powerful":[42],"encoders,":[44],"impacts":[46],"functions":[49],"sampling":[52,75,132],"ratios":[53],"have":[54,103],"not":[55,159],"yet":[56],"been":[57,104],"well":[58,72],"explored.":[59],"In":[60],"this":[61],"work,":[62],"we":[63,82],"show":[64,122],"that":[65,156],"choice":[67],"function":[70,185],"as":[71,73,162],"ratio":[76],"equivalently":[78],"important.":[79],"More":[80],"specifically,":[81],"propose":[83],"cosine":[85],"contrastive":[86],"(CCL)":[88],"further":[90],"incorporate":[91],"it":[92],"to":[93,167],"simple":[95,164],"unified":[96],"model,":[98],"dubbed":[99],"SimpleX.":[100],"Extensive":[101],"experiments":[102],"conducted":[105],"10":[107],"benchmark":[108],"datasets":[109],"compared":[111],"with":[112],"28":[113],"models":[116,140],"total.":[118],"Surprisingly,":[119],"results":[121],"that,":[123],"under":[124],"our":[125],"CCL":[126],"large":[130,143],"ratio,":[133],"SimpleX":[134,157],"can":[135],"surpass":[136],"most":[137],"sophisticated":[138],"state-of-the-art":[139],"by":[141],"margin":[144],"(e.g.,":[145],"max":[146],"48.5%":[147],"improvement":[148],"[email":[150],"protected]":[151],"over":[152],"LightGCN).":[153],"We":[154],"believe":[155],"could":[158],"only":[160],"serve":[161],"strong":[165],"baseline":[166],"foster":[168],"future":[169],"CF,":[172],"but":[173],"also":[174],"shed":[175],"light":[176],"potential":[179],"direction":[181],"towards":[182],"improving":[183]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":40},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":37},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":36},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":10}],"updated_date":"2026-06-17T08:01:34.144755","created_date":"2021-11-08T00:00:00"}
