{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3210952966","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3459637.3482283","title":"PATROL","display_name":"PATROL","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-10-26","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3210952966","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3459637.3482283","mag":"3210952966"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3459637.3482283","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3459637.3482283","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 30th ACM International Conference on Information & Knowledge Management","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/146322","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103269037","display_name":"Zhi Xu","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I150229711","display_name":"University of Electronic Science and Technology of China","ror":"https://ror.org/04qr3zq92","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I150229711"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Zhi Xu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science and Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science and Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I150229711"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5066308099","display_name":"Shuncheng Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3557-6598"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I150229711","display_name":"University of Electronic Science and Technology of China","ror":"https://ror.org/04qr3zq92","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I150229711"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shuncheng Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science and Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science and Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I150229711"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5002733135","display_name":"Zi\u2010Niu Wu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4405-0865"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I63966007","display_name":"Massachusetts Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/042nb2s44","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I63966007"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210095624","display_name":"Alibaba Group (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/00rn0m335","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210095624","https://openalex.org/I45928872"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ziniu Wu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Massachusetts Institute of Technology & Alibaba Group, Boston, MA, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Massachusetts Institute of Technology & Alibaba Group, Boston, MA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210095624","https://openalex.org/I63966007"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100385733","display_name":"Xu Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7754-9814"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I150229711","display_name":"University of Electronic Science and Technology of China","ror":"https://ror.org/04qr3zq92","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I150229711"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xu Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science and Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science and Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I150229711"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5032503782","display_name":"Kai Zeng","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0005-5788-5668"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I45928872","display_name":"Alibaba Group (China)","ror":"https://ror.org/00k642b80","country_code":"CN","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I45928872"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kai Zeng","raw_affiliation_strings":["Alibaba Group, Hangzhou, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Alibaba Group, Hangzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I45928872"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100603979","display_name":"Kai Zheng","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0217-3998"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I150229711","display_name":"University of Electronic Science and Technology of China","ror":"https://ror.org/04qr3zq92","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I150229711"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kai Zheng","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science and Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science and Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I150229711"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103029832","display_name":"Han Su","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5579-0378"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I150229711","display_name":"University of Electronic Science and Technology of China","ror":"https://ror.org/04qr3zq92","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I150229711"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Han Su","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science and Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science and Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I150229711"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":7,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5103269037"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I150229711"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.6639,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":13,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.84092051,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"2271","last_page":"2280"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10524","display_name":"Traffic control and management","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10524","display_name":"Traffic control and management","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11099","display_name":"Autonomous Vehicle Technology and Safety","score":0.9993000030517578,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2203","display_name":"Automotive Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11344","display_name":"Traffic Prediction and Management Techniques","score":0.993399977684021,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2215","display_name":"Building and Construction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reinforcement-learning","display_name":"Reinforcement learning","score":0.6867185235023499},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6346049904823303},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/imaging-phantom","display_name":"Imaging phantom","score":0.473862886428833},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/simulation","display_name":"Simulation","score":0.47138887643814087},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/process","display_name":"Process (computing)","score":0.46908894181251526},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/control","display_name":"Control (management)","score":0.4314113259315491},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/traffic-congestion","display_name":"Traffic congestion","score":0.4128863513469696},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/real-time-computing","display_name":"Real-time computing","score":0.4003509283065796},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/automotive-engineering","display_name":"Automotive engineering","score":0.3331412672996521},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.3216753602027893},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transport-engineering","display_name":"Transport engineering","score":0.2829653024673462},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.19657501578330994}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97541855","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q830687","display_name":"Reinforcement learning","level":2,"score":0.6867185235023499},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6346049904823303},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104293457","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q28324852","display_name":"Imaging phantom","level":2,"score":0.473862886428833},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44154836","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q45045","display_name":"Simulation","level":1,"score":0.47138887643814087},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98045186","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205663","display_name":"Process (computing)","level":2,"score":0.46908894181251526},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775924081","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q55608371","display_name":"Control (management)","level":2,"score":0.4314113259315491},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779888511","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q244156","display_name":"Traffic congestion","level":2,"score":0.4128863513469696},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79403827","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3988","display_name":"Real-time computing","level":1,"score":0.4003509283065796},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C171146098","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q124192","display_name":"Automotive engineering","level":1,"score":0.3331412672996521},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.3216753602027893},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C22212356","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q775325","display_name":"Transport engineering","level":1,"score":0.2829653024673462},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.19657501578330994},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126838900","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q77604","display_name":"Radiology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/3459637.3482283","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3459637.3482283","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 30th ACM International Conference on Information & Knowledge Management","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:dspace.mit.edu:1721.1/146322","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/146322","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400425","display_name":"DSpace@MIT (Massachusetts Institute of Technology)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I63966007","host_organization_name":"Massachusetts Institute of Technology","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I63966007"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-nc","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"ACM|Proceedings of the 30th ACM International Conference on Information and Knowledge Management","raw_type":"http://purl.org/eprint/type/ConferencePaper"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:dspace.mit.edu:1721.1/146322","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/146322","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400425","display_name":"DSpace@MIT (Massachusetts Institute of Technology)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I63966007","host_organization_name":"Massachusetts Institute of Technology","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I63966007"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-nc","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"ACM|Proceedings of the 30th ACM International Conference on Information and Knowledge Management","raw_type":"http://purl.org/eprint/type/ConferencePaper"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Sustainable cities and communities","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/11","score":0.8199999928474426}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2843017307","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"6180205","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G323530312","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"6183201","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3317480652","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Science","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3561341673","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61836007","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3634295602","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61832017","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3686742459","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"02054","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5049027650","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61972069, 61836007, 61832017","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5939423041","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Technology","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G964926443","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61972069","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":35,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W174926955","https://openalex.org/W855568723","https://openalex.org/W1847191588","https://openalex.org/W1965455100","https://openalex.org/W2007591713","https://openalex.org/W2032527143","https://openalex.org/W2059461096","https://openalex.org/W2110884310","https://openalex.org/W2145339207","https://openalex.org/W2147021187","https://openalex.org/W2153646988","https://openalex.org/W2154376416","https://openalex.org/W2167192193","https://openalex.org/W2173248099","https://openalex.org/W2200971133","https://openalex.org/W2358640090","https://openalex.org/W2391450134","https://openalex.org/W2493168586","https://openalex.org/W2562582284","https://openalex.org/W2589706952","https://openalex.org/W2734024016","https://openalex.org/W2809553093","https://openalex.org/W2883082268","https://openalex.org/W2897007254","https://openalex.org/W2912445127","https://openalex.org/W2943420531","https://openalex.org/W2997914677","https://openalex.org/W3005769373","https://openalex.org/W3019904677","https://openalex.org/W3035098013","https://openalex.org/W3100605398","https://openalex.org/W3157770551","https://openalex.org/W3169933468","https://openalex.org/W3203589076","https://openalex.org/W6999114102"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2417440389","https://openalex.org/W4244157427","https://openalex.org/W2734382758","https://openalex.org/W4385556839","https://openalex.org/W4378746257","https://openalex.org/W2109481748","https://openalex.org/W2381719890","https://openalex.org/W2076005643","https://openalex.org/W2057204181","https://openalex.org/W2040853802"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,36],"largest":[1],"portion":[2],"of":[3,32,39,52,94,131,190,217,244],"urban":[4],"congestion":[5],"is":[6,46],"caused":[7,204],"by":[8,205],"'phantom'":[9,40,222],"traffic":[10,41,89,223],"jams,":[11],"causing":[12],"significant":[13],"delay":[14],"travel":[15],"time,":[16],"fuel":[17],"waste,":[18],"and":[19,122,128,155,193,215,248],"air":[20],"pollution.":[21],"It":[22],"frequently":[23],"occurs":[24],"in":[25,43,50,86,140,175,219,225,242],"high-density":[26],"traffics":[27,45],"without":[28],"any":[29],"obvious":[30],"signs":[31],"accidents":[33],"or":[34],"roadworks.":[35],"root":[37],"cause":[38],"jams":[42],"one-lane":[44,88],"the":[47,70,73,78,116,124,141,152,161,171,182,188,201,213,221,230,239],"sudden":[48],"change":[49],"velocity":[51,92,101,127,177,232],"some":[53],"vehicles":[54,71,133,192],"(i.e.":[55],"harsh":[56],"driving":[57,163,184,245],"behavior":[58],"(HDB)),":[59],"which":[60,198],"may":[61],"generate":[62],"a":[63,87,100,112],"chain":[64,202],"reaction":[65,203],"with":[66],"accumulated":[67],"impact":[68],"throughout":[69],"along":[72],"lane.":[74],"This":[75],"paper":[76],"makes":[77],"first":[79],"attempt":[80],"to":[81,120,150,159,180,186,211],"address":[82],"this":[83],"notorious":[84],"problem":[85],"environment":[90],"through":[91,165],"control":[93,102,178,233],"autonomous":[95,183],"vehicles.":[96],"Specifically,":[97],"we":[98,110,145,169],"propose":[99,146],"framework,":[103],"called":[104],"PATROL":[105,218],"(sPAtial-temporal":[106],"ReinfOrcement":[107],"Learning).":[108],"First,":[109],"design":[111],"spatial-temporal":[113],"graph":[114],"inside":[115],"reinforcement":[117],"learning":[118],"model":[119],"process":[121],"extract":[123],"information":[125],"(e.g.":[126],"distance":[129],"difference)":[130],"multiple":[132],"ahead":[134],"across":[135],"several":[136],"historical":[137],"time":[138],"steps":[139],"interactive":[142],"environment.":[143],"Then,":[144],"an":[147,156],"attention":[148],"mechanism":[149],"characterize":[151],"vehicle":[153],"interactions":[154],"LSTM":[157],"structure":[158],"understand":[160],"vehicles'":[162],"patterns":[164],"time.":[166],"At":[167],"last,":[168],"modify":[170],"reward":[172],"function":[173],"used":[174],"previous":[176],"works":[179],"enable":[181],"agent":[185],"predict":[187],"HDB":[189],"preceding":[191],"smoothly":[194],"adjust":[195],"its":[196],"velocity,":[197],"could":[199],"alleviate":[200],"HDB.":[206],"We":[207],"conduct":[208],"extensive":[209],"experiments":[210],"demonstrate":[212],"effectiveness":[214],"superiority":[216],"alleviating":[220],"jam":[224],"simulation":[226],"environments.":[227],"Further,":[228],"on":[229],"real-world":[231],"dataset,":[234],"our":[235],"method":[236],"significantly":[237],"outperforms":[238],"existing":[240],"methods":[241],"terms":[243],"safety,":[246],"comfortability,":[247],"efficiency.":[249]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-04-10T15:06:20.359241","created_date":"2021-11-08T00:00:00"}