{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3177103658","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3458864.3466911","title":"Apple in my eyes (AIME)","display_name":"Apple in my eyes (AIME)","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-06-22","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3177103658","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3458864.3466911","mag":"3177103658"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3458864.3466911","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3458864.3466911","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 19th Annual International Conference on Mobile Systems, Applications, and Services","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5013750981","display_name":"Muhammad Mohzary","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3019-5454"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I75421653","display_name":"University of Missouri\u2013Kansas City","ror":"https://ror.org/01w0d5g70","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I75421653"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I91450128","display_name":"Jazan University","ror":"https://ror.org/02bjnq803","country_code":"SA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I91450128"]}],"countries":["SA","US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Muhammad Mohzary","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Missouri-Kansas City and Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Missouri-Kansas City and Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I75421653","https://openalex.org/I91450128"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5011345586","display_name":"Khalid J Almalki","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7755-3920"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I120238654","display_name":"Saudi Electronic University","ror":"https://ror.org/05ndh7v49","country_code":"SA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I120238654"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I75421653","display_name":"University of Missouri\u2013Kansas City","ror":"https://ror.org/01w0d5g70","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I75421653"]}],"countries":["SA","US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Khalid J Almalki","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Missouri-Kansas City and Saudi Electronic University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Missouri-Kansas City and Saudi Electronic University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I120238654","https://openalex.org/I75421653"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5000531931","display_name":"Baek\u2010Young Choi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4449-2425"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I75421653","display_name":"University of Missouri\u2013Kansas City","ror":"https://ror.org/01w0d5g70","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I75421653"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Baek-Young Choi","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Missouri-Kansas City"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Missouri-Kansas City","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I75421653"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101040138","display_name":"Sejun Song","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I75421653","display_name":"University of Missouri\u2013Kansas City","ror":"https://ror.org/01w0d5g70","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I75421653"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sejun Song","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Missouri-Kansas City"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Missouri-Kansas City","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I75421653"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"489","last_page":"490"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10828","display_name":"Biometric Identification and Security","score":0.9962999820709229,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10828","display_name":"Biometric Identification and Security","score":0.9962999820709229,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11448","display_name":"Face recognition and analysis","score":0.9962000250816345,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11800","display_name":"User Authentication and Security Systems","score":0.9681000113487244,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/liveness","display_name":"Liveness","score":0.9161655902862549},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7606570720672607},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.6199491024017334},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/authentication","display_name":"Authentication (law)","score":0.5768725275993347},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.548609733581543},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/biometrics","display_name":"Biometrics","score":0.539775550365448},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/phone","display_name":"Phone","score":0.5025720596313477},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/specular-reflection","display_name":"Specular reflection","score":0.43576082587242126},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reflection","display_name":"Reflection (computer programming)","score":0.4244178235530853},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/presentation","display_name":"Presentation (obstetrics)","score":0.41438406705856323},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.09817144274711609}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15569618","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3561421","display_name":"Liveness","level":2,"score":0.9161655902862549},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7606570720672607},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.6199491024017334},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C148417208","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4825882","display_name":"Authentication (law)","level":2,"score":0.5768725275993347},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.548609733581543},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C184297639","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q177765","display_name":"Biometrics","level":2,"score":0.539775550365448},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778707766","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q202064","display_name":"Phone","level":2,"score":0.5025720596313477},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118381688","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1079524","display_name":"Specular reflection","level":2,"score":0.43576082587242126},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C65682993","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1056451","display_name":"Reflection (computer programming)","level":2,"score":0.4244178235530853},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777601897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3409113","display_name":"Presentation (obstetrics)","level":2,"score":0.41438406705856323},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.09817144274711609},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126838900","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q77604","display_name":"Radiology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/3458864.3466911","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3458864.3466911","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 19th Annual International Conference on Mobile Systems, Applications, and Services","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","score":0.4000000059604645,"display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1565271071","https://openalex.org/W2081199208","https://openalex.org/W3349016","https://openalex.org/W3160870209","https://openalex.org/W2494011163","https://openalex.org/W2053262709","https://openalex.org/W2139648957","https://openalex.org/W1481041875","https://openalex.org/W2965549351","https://openalex.org/W3104966193"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0],"this":[1],"paper,":[2],"we":[3],"present":[4],"a":[5,24,31,53,83],"novel":[6],"software-based":[7],"face":[8,41],"Presentation":[9],"Attack":[10],"Detection":[11],"(PAD)":[12],"method":[13],"named":[14],"\"Apple":[15],"in":[16],"My":[17],"Eyes":[18],"(AIME)\"":[19],"using":[20,65,75,120],"screen":[21,51],"display":[22],"as":[23,30,52],"challenge":[25],"and":[26,69,116,134],"corneal":[27,58],"specular":[28,59],"reflections":[29],"response":[32],"for":[33,128],"authenticating":[34],"the":[35,49,66,71,102],"liveness":[36,123],"against":[37],"presentation.":[38],"To":[39],"detect":[40,94],"liveness,":[42],"AIME":[43,92,122],"creates":[44],"multiple":[45],"image":[46],"patterns":[47],"on":[48,101],"authentication":[50,132],"challenge,":[54],"then":[55],"captures":[56],"meaningful":[57],"reflection":[60],"responses":[61],"from":[62],"user's":[63],"eyes":[64],"front":[67],"camera,":[68],"analyzes":[70],"reflective":[72],"pattern":[73],"images":[74,99],"various":[76,95,129],"lightweight":[77],"Machine":[78],"Learning":[79],"(ML)":[80],"techniques":[81],"under":[82],"subsecond":[84],"level":[85],"delay":[86],"(200":[87],"ms).":[88],"We":[89],"demonstrate":[90],"that":[91],"can":[93,125],"attacks,":[96],"including":[97],"digital":[98],"displayed":[100],"phone":[103],"or":[104],"tablet,":[105],"printed":[106],"paper":[107,110],"images,":[108],"2D":[109],"masks,":[111,115],"videos,":[112],"3D":[113,117],"silicon":[114],"facial":[118],"models":[119],"VR.":[121],"detection":[124],"be":[126],"applied":[127],"contactless":[130],"biometric":[131],"accurately":[133],"efficiently":[135],"without":[136],"any":[137],"costly":[138],"extra":[139],"sensors.":[140]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-07-22T07:51:19.307946","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}