{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3165494698","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3457977.3460297","title":"AlphaBlock: An Evaluation Framework for Blockchain Consensus Algorithms","display_name":"AlphaBlock: An Evaluation Framework for Blockchain Consensus Algorithms","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-05-24","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3165494698","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3457977.3460297","mag":"3165494698"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3457977.3460297","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3457977.3460297","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the Ninth International Workshop on Security in Blockchain and Cloud Computing","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5041074168","display_name":"Zhijie Ren","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5623-8833"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhijie Ren","raw_affiliation_strings":["VeChain, Shanghai, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"VeChain, Shanghai, China","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5109109832","display_name":"Haitao Xiang","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I40120149","display_name":"University of Oxford","ror":"https://ror.org/052gg0110","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I40120149"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Haitao Xiang","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I40120149"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5010204267","display_name":"Ziheng Zhou","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5241-5326"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ziheng Zhou","raw_affiliation_strings":["VeChain, Shanghai, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"VeChain, Shanghai, China","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100387096","display_name":"Ning Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8903-8790"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I40120149","display_name":"University of Oxford","ror":"https://ror.org/052gg0110","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I40120149"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ning Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I40120149"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5008645257","display_name":"Hanqing Jin","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I40120149","display_name":"University of Oxford","ror":"https://ror.org/052gg0110","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I40120149"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hanqing Jin","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I40120149"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":3,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"17","last_page":"22"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10270","display_name":"Blockchain Technology Applications and Security","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10270","display_name":"Blockchain Technology Applications and Security","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10772","display_name":"Distributed systems and fault tolerance","score":0.9947999715805054,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10101","display_name":"Cloud Computing and Resource Management","score":0.9869999885559082,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/blockchain","display_name":"Blockchain","score":0.837035059928894},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8307157754898071},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/byzantine-fault-tolerance","display_name":"Byzantine fault tolerance","score":0.8141103982925415},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/consensus-algorithm","display_name":"Consensus algorithm","score":0.6661263704299927},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.581125020980835},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/latency","display_name":"Latency (audio)","score":0.515370786190033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/key","display_name":"Key (lock)","score":0.4720792770385742},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fault-tolerance","display_name":"Fault tolerance","score":0.4280732274055481},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/theoretical-computer-science","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","score":0.3458499312400818},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/distributed-computing","display_name":"Distributed computing","score":0.34566181898117065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.10741004347801208}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779687700","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q20514253","display_name":"Blockchain","level":2,"score":0.837035059928894},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8307157754898071},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C168021876","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1353446","display_name":"Byzantine fault tolerance","level":3,"score":0.8141103982925415},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2983222225","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2994424","display_name":"Consensus algorithm","level":2,"score":0.6661263704299927},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.581125020980835},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C82876162","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17096504","display_name":"Latency (audio)","level":2,"score":0.515370786190033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26517878","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228039","display_name":"Key (lock)","level":2,"score":0.4720792770385742},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C63540848","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3140932","display_name":"Fault tolerance","level":2,"score":0.4280732274055481},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C80444323","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2878974","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","level":1,"score":0.3458499312400818},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120314980","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180634","display_name":"Distributed computing","level":1,"score":0.34566181898117065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.10741004347801208},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/3457977.3460297","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3457977.3460297","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the Ninth International Workshop on Security in Blockchain and Cloud Computing","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":21,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W851575271","https://openalex.org/W1988655303","https://openalex.org/W2003214215","https://openalex.org/W2025142762","https://openalex.org/W2126087831","https://openalex.org/W2511446761","https://openalex.org/W2536325433","https://openalex.org/W2573050643","https://openalex.org/W2584364557","https://openalex.org/W2604122668","https://openalex.org/W2739845435","https://openalex.org/W2763398287","https://openalex.org/W2794533297","https://openalex.org/W2952036046","https://openalex.org/W2953312256","https://openalex.org/W2964159515","https://openalex.org/W2964262836","https://openalex.org/W2981750966","https://openalex.org/W3137092842","https://openalex.org/W4248175462","https://openalex.org/W6732306980"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3098545956","https://openalex.org/W4400410098","https://openalex.org/W4312378530","https://openalex.org/W3194244590","https://openalex.org/W2145120192","https://openalex.org/W3183732253","https://openalex.org/W3210065602","https://openalex.org/W4384299894","https://openalex.org/W4366607545","https://openalex.org/W4287328371"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Consensus":[0],"algorithm":[1],"is":[2],"the":[3,14,17,29,36,82,97,117,131,135,162,170,177],"core":[4],"of":[5,16,25,46,74,100,123,130,134],"blockchain":[6,26,101,137],"and":[7,35,54,108,121,158],"it":[8],"plays":[9],"a":[10,72,76,93,146],"crucial":[11],"role":[12],"in":[13,52,85,104,152,155,166],"performance":[15,84,98,148],"blockchain.":[18],"In":[19,87],"general,":[20],"there":[21],"are":[22,49,62],"two":[23,44],"types":[24,45],"consensus":[27,32,41,47,79,102],"algorithms:":[28],"Bitcoin-like":[30],"Nakamoto":[31],"(NC)":[33],"algorithms":[34,48,107,144,151,172],"Byzantine":[37],"fault":[38],"tolerance":[39],"(BFT)":[40],"algorithms.":[42,110,180],"These":[43],"fundamentally":[50],"different":[51],"forms":[53],"hard":[55],"to":[56,176],"be":[57],"compared.":[58],"However,":[59],"currently,":[60],"they":[61],"often":[63],"used":[64],"interchangeably":[65],"for":[66,96,161],"similar":[67],"blockchains,":[68],"which":[69,78],"naturally":[70],"raises":[71],"question":[73],"\"given":[75],"network,":[77],"would":[80],"have":[81,145],"best":[83,178],"practice''.":[86],"this":[88],"paper,":[89],"we":[90,127],"propose":[91],"AlphaBlock,":[92],"theoretical":[94],"framework":[95],"comparison":[99],"algorithms,":[103],"particular,":[105],"NC":[106,150,171],"BFT":[109,143,179],"To":[111],"make":[112],"fair":[113],"comparisons,":[114],"AlphaBlock":[115],"captures":[116],"most":[118,153],"important":[119],"advantages":[120],"disadvantages":[122],"both":[124,156],"categories.":[125],"Moreover,":[126],"incorporate":[128],"some":[129],"key":[132],"features":[133],"practical":[136],"networks.":[138],"The":[139],"results":[140],"show":[141,173],"that":[142],"superior":[147],"over":[149],"cases":[154],"throughput":[157],"latency,":[159],"expect":[160],"low":[163],"latency":[164],"region":[165],"large":[167],"networks,":[168],"where":[169],"strong":[174],"competence":[175]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-07-14T23:27:15.235271","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
