{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3175868024","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3457682.3457733","title":"Intelligent Gastric Histopathology Image Classification Using Hierarchical Conditional Random Field based Attention Mechanism","display_name":"Intelligent Gastric Histopathology Image Classification Using Hierarchical Conditional Random Field based Attention Mechanism","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-02-26","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3175868024","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3457682.3457733","mag":"3175868024"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3457682.3457733","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3457682.3457733","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2021 13th International Conference on Machine Learning and Computing","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100459836","display_name":"Yixin Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0002-9290-5300"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I9224756","display_name":"Northeastern University","ror":"https://ror.org/03awzbc87","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I9224756"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yixin Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["Northeastern University, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Northeastern University, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I9224756"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101797948","display_name":"Xinran Wu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0003-3523-4835"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I9224756","display_name":"Northeastern University","ror":"https://ror.org/03awzbc87","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I9224756"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xinran Wu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Northeastern University, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Northeastern University, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I9224756"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100369916","display_name":"Chen Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1545-8885"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I9224756","display_name":"Northeastern University","ror":"https://ror.org/03awzbc87","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I9224756"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chen Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["Northeastern University, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Northeastern University, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I9224756"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5056661303","display_name":"Changhao Sun","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9087-0349"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I142078773","display_name":"Shenyang Institute of Automation","ror":"https://ror.org/00ft6nj33","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I142078773","https://openalex.org/I19820366"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Changhao Sun","raw_affiliation_strings":["Shenyang Institute of Automation, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Shenyang Institute of Automation, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I142078773"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100459390","display_name":"Xiaoyan Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7003-1644"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210161255","display_name":"Liaoning Cancer Hospital & Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/05d659s21","country_code":"CN","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210161255"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I91656880","display_name":"China Medical University","ror":"https://ror.org/032d4f246","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I91656880"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiaoyan Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["China Medical University and Liaoning Cancer Hospital and Institute, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"China Medical University and Liaoning Cancer Hospital and Institute, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210161255","https://openalex.org/I91656880"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5075100287","display_name":"Md Mamunur Rahaman","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2268-2092"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I9224756","display_name":"Northeastern University","ror":"https://ror.org/03awzbc87","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I9224756"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Md Rahaman","raw_affiliation_strings":["Northeastern University, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Northeastern University, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I9224756"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100343322","display_name":"Yong Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0623-4735"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210161255","display_name":"Liaoning Cancer Hospital & Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/05d659s21","country_code":"CN","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210161255"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I91656880","display_name":"China Medical University","ror":"https://ror.org/032d4f246","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I91656880"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yong Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["China Medical University and Liaoning Cancer Hospital and Institute, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"China Medical University and Liaoning Cancer Hospital and Institute, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210161255","https://openalex.org/I91656880"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":6,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"330","last_page":"335"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10862","display_name":"AI in cancer detection","score":0.9976000189781189,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10862","display_name":"AI in cancer detection","score":0.9976000189781189,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10824","display_name":"Image Retrieval and Classification Techniques","score":0.9894000291824341,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12702","display_name":"Brain Tumor Detection and Classification","score":0.9858999848365784,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2808","display_name":"Neurology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/conditional-random-field","display_name":"Conditional random field","score":0.8893402814865112},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/convolutional-neural-network","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","score":0.7199198007583618},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7077503800392151},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.6820402145385742},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.5803752541542053},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/contextual-image-classification","display_name":"Contextual image classification","score":0.53480064868927},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/field","display_name":"Field (mathematics)","score":0.4863637089729309},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/focus","display_name":"Focus (optics)","score":0.46594488620758057},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","score":0.4449898600578308},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.4056929051876068},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.0975615382194519}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C152565575","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1124538","display_name":"Conditional random field","level":2,"score":0.8893402814865112},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81363708","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17084460","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","level":2,"score":0.7199198007583618},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7077503800392151},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.6820402145385742},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.5803752541542053},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C75294576","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5165192","display_name":"Contextual image classification","level":3,"score":0.53480064868927},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9652623","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190109","display_name":"Field (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.4863637089729309},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192209626","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190909","display_name":"Focus (optics)","level":2,"score":0.46594488620758057},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.4449898600578308},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.4056929051876068},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0975615382194519},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C202444582","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q837863","display_name":"Pure mathematics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/3457682.3457733","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3457682.3457733","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2021 13th International Conference on Machine Learning and Computing","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4090768803","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61806047","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":23,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1686810756","https://openalex.org/W1901129140","https://openalex.org/W1991113069","https://openalex.org/W2043291249","https://openalex.org/W2124260943","https://openalex.org/W2133059825","https://openalex.org/W2147880316","https://openalex.org/W2158275940","https://openalex.org/W2183341477","https://openalex.org/W2412782625","https://openalex.org/W2777517892","https://openalex.org/W2908740079","https://openalex.org/W2956897601","https://openalex.org/W2963142663","https://openalex.org/W2963881378","https://openalex.org/W3009312108","https://openalex.org/W3017466405","https://openalex.org/W3022242259","https://openalex.org/W3102640734","https://openalex.org/W3158117763","https://openalex.org/W3174055324","https://openalex.org/W4211130279","https://openalex.org/W6687483927"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1803059841","https://openalex.org/W4287776258","https://openalex.org/W3027997911","https://openalex.org/W3021430260","https://openalex.org/W564581980","https://openalex.org/W2947903144","https://openalex.org/W2547852346","https://openalex.org/W2986507176","https://openalex.org/W2912288872","https://openalex.org/W2767651786"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0,126],"this":[1],"paper,":[2],"an":[3,80,104],"Intelligent":[4],"Hierarchical":[5],"Conditional":[6],"Random":[7],"Field":[8],"based":[9,109],"Attention":[10],"Mechanism":[11],"(HCRF-AM)":[12],"model":[13,63,82,95],"is":[14,83,96,113,134],"proposed,":[15],"which":[16],"can":[17,50],"be":[18],"applied":[19],"to":[20,28,85,115],"the":[21,47,57,77,99,117,124,127],"Gastric":[22],"Histopathology":[23],"Image":[24],"Classification":[25],"(GHIC)":[26],"tasks":[27],"assist":[29],"pathologists":[30],"in":[31,39,76],"medical":[32],"diagnosis.":[33],"However,":[34],"there":[35],"exists":[36],"redundant":[37],"information":[38],"a":[40,90,129,137],"weakly":[41],"supervised":[42],"learning":[43],"mission.":[44],"Thus,":[45],"designing":[46],"network":[48,93],"that":[49],"extract":[51,86],"effective":[52],"distinguishing":[53],"features":[54],"has":[55],"become":[56],"focus":[58],"of":[59,65,123,132],"research.":[60],"The":[61],"HCRF-AM":[62],"consists":[64],"attention":[66,87,100],"mechanism":[67],"(AM)":[68],"module":[69],"and":[70],"image":[71],"classification":[72,107,130],"(IC)":[73],"module.":[74],"First,":[75],"AM":[78],"module,":[79],"HCRF":[81],"built":[84],"areas.":[88],"Then,":[89],"convolutional":[91],"neural":[92],"(CNN)":[94],"trained":[97],"with":[98,141],"region":[101],"selected.":[102],"Thirdly,":[103],"algorithm":[105],"called":[106],"probability":[108],"Ensemble":[110],"Learning":[111],"(EL)":[112],"used":[114],"obtain":[116],"image-level":[118],"result":[119],"from":[120],"patch-level":[121],"output":[122],"CNN.":[125],"experiment,":[128],"specificity":[131],"96.67%":[133],"achieved":[135],"on":[136],"gastric":[138],"histopathological":[139],"dataset":[140],"700":[142],"images.":[143]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-07-14T23:27:15.235271","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}