{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3173127270","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3457337.3457848","title":"A Tool for Moving Blockchain Computations Off-Chain","display_name":"A Tool for Moving Blockchain Computations Off-Chain","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-05-24","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3173127270","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3457337.3457848","mag":"3173127270"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3457337.3457848","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3457337.3457848","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 3rd ACM International Symposium on Blockchain and Secure Critical Infrastructure","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5072405645","display_name":"Chris Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7685-4980"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I129902397","display_name":"Dalhousie University","ror":"https://ror.org/01e6qks80","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I129902397"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Christian Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I129902397"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5018961473","display_name":"Peter Bodorik","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4121-1942"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I129902397","display_name":"Dalhousie University","ror":"https://ror.org/01e6qks80","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I129902397"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Peter Bodorik","raw_affiliation_strings":["Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I129902397"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5018256500","display_name":"Dawn Jutla","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5102-0368"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I66890659","display_name":"Saint Mary's University","ror":"https://ror.org/010zh7098","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I66890659"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dawn Jutla","raw_affiliation_strings":["Saint Mary's University, Halifax, NS, Canada"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Saint Mary's University, Halifax, NS, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I66890659"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5072405645"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I129902397"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.6524,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":7,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.86877059,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"103","last_page":"109"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10270","display_name":"Blockchain Technology Applications and Security","score":0.9975000023841858,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10270","display_name":"Blockchain Technology Applications and Security","score":0.9975000023841858,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12808","display_name":"Ferroelectric and Negative Capacitance Devices","score":0.9973999857902527,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11424","display_name":"Security and Verification in Computing","score":0.9962999820709229,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8133630752563477},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computation","display_name":"Computation","score":0.6514685153961182},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/chain","display_name":"Chain (unit)","score":0.5774818658828735},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/finite-state-machine","display_name":"Finite-state machine","score":0.5451282262802124},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/smart-contract","display_name":"Smart contract","score":0.5349437594413757},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software","display_name":"Software","score":0.5287232995033264},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/state","display_name":"State (computer science)","score":0.483578622341156},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/distributed-computing","display_name":"Distributed computing","score":0.4140707552433014},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/blockchain","display_name":"Blockchain","score":0.38960912823677063},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/embedded-system","display_name":"Embedded system","score":0.32012826204299927},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/programming-language","display_name":"Programming language","score":0.24056997895240784},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.09214439988136292}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8133630752563477},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C45374587","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12525525","display_name":"Computation","level":2,"score":0.6514685153961182},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199185054","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q552299","display_name":"Chain (unit)","level":2,"score":0.5774818658828735},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C167822520","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176452","display_name":"Finite-state machine","level":2,"score":0.5451282262802124},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779950589","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7544035","display_name":"Smart contract","level":3,"score":0.5349437594413757},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777904410","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7397","display_name":"Software","level":2,"score":0.5287232995033264},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48103436","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q599031","display_name":"State (computer science)","level":2,"score":0.483578622341156},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120314980","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180634","display_name":"Distributed computing","level":1,"score":0.4140707552433014},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779687700","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q20514253","display_name":"Blockchain","level":2,"score":0.38960912823677063},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149635348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193040","display_name":"Embedded system","level":1,"score":0.32012826204299927},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.24056997895240784},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.09214439988136292},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C1276947","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q333","display_name":"Astronomy","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/3457337.3457848","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3457337.3457848","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 3rd ACM International Symposium on Blockchain and Secure Critical Infrastructure","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":3,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2901315987","https://openalex.org/W2963766785","https://openalex.org/W2970967309"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4391375891","https://openalex.org/W3092702943","https://openalex.org/W4297798448","https://openalex.org/W4391241361","https://openalex.org/W4388187043","https://openalex.org/W4285161539","https://openalex.org/W2982625131","https://openalex.org/W4320715980","https://openalex.org/W3122124622","https://openalex.org/W3150062897"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0,107],"paper":[1,108],"proposes":[2],"a":[3,21,111,125],"new":[4],"approach":[5,42],"and":[6,12,33,48,63,117,121,128,141,149],"tool":[7,112],"for":[8,16,79,113],"blockchain":[9],"software":[10,83],"developers":[11],"architects":[13],"to":[14,56,68,132,137,142],"use":[15,65],"determining":[17],"which":[18,70],"computations":[19,140],"of":[20,31,72],"smart":[22,58,74,126],"contract":[23,59],"can":[24,36],"be":[25,37,77],"effectively":[26],"done":[27],"off-chain":[28,39,91,139,150],"without":[29],"loss":[30],"trust":[32],"how":[34],"they":[35],"moved":[38],"automatically.":[40],"Our":[41],"uses":[43],"Finite":[44],"State":[45,50],"Machines":[46,51],"(FSMs)":[47],"Hierarchical":[49],"(HSMs)":[52],"modeling":[53],"in":[54],"order":[55],"create":[57],"patterns":[60],"using":[61],"graphs":[62],"then":[64],"pattern":[66],"properties":[67],"identify":[69],"parts":[71],"the":[73,87,95,99,134,145],"contracts":[75],"should":[76],"considered":[78],"moving":[80],"off-chain.":[81],"Once":[82],"execution":[84,92,96,104],"transits":[85,97],"into":[86,98,124],"pattern's":[88,100],"entry":[89],"state,":[90,102],"continues":[93,105],"until":[94],"exit":[101],"when":[103],"on-chain.":[106],"further":[109],"describes":[110],"(1)":[114],"FSM":[115],"input":[116],"visualization,":[118],"its":[119],"analysis,":[120],"automatic":[122],"transformation":[123],"contract,":[127],"(2)":[129],"an":[130],"interface":[131],"support":[133],"developers'":[135],"decision":[136],"optimally":[138],"(3)":[143],"define":[144],"communications":[146],"between":[147],"on-chain":[148],"computations.":[151]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}