{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3172366570","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3452846","title":"Design of LSM-tree-based Key-value SSDs with Bounded Tails","display_name":"Design of LSM-tree-based Key-value SSDs with Bounded Tails","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-05-28","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3172366570","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3452846","mag":"3172366570"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3452846","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3452846","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3452846","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S158124317","display_name":"ACM Transactions on Storage","issn_l":"1553-3077","issn":["1553-3077","1553-3093"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319798","host_organization_name":"Association for Computing Machinery","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319798"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computing Machinery"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ACM Transactions on Storage","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"bronze","oa_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3452846","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5075856447","display_name":"Junsu Im","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7485-7870"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I193352282","display_name":"Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/03frjya69","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I193352282"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Junsu Im","raw_affiliation_strings":["Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology, Republic of Korea"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology, Republic of Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I193352282"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5035111431","display_name":"Jinwook Bae","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4226-9628"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I193352282","display_name":"Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/03frjya69","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I193352282"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jinwook Bae","raw_affiliation_strings":["Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology, Dalseong-gun, Daegu, Republic of Korea"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology, Dalseong-gun, Daegu, Republic of Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I193352282"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5080600256","display_name":"Chanwoo Chung","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I63966007","display_name":"Massachusetts Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/042nb2s44","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I63966007"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chanwoo Chung","raw_affiliation_strings":["Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I63966007"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5060692552","display_name":"Arvind Arvind","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I63966007","display_name":"Massachusetts Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/042nb2s44","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I63966007"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Arvind","raw_affiliation_strings":["Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I63966007"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100720092","display_name":"Sungjin Lee","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9753-2286"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I193352282","display_name":"Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/03frjya69","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I193352282"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sungjin Lee","raw_affiliation_strings":["Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology, Dalseong-gun, Daegu, Republic of Korea"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology, Dalseong-gun, Daegu, Republic of Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I193352282"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5075856447"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I193352282"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.2802,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":13,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.80950214,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":96,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"17","issue":"2","first_page":"1","last_page":"27"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11181","display_name":"Advanced Data Storage Technologies","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11181","display_name":"Advanced Data Storage Technologies","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11478","display_name":"Caching and Content Delivery","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11269","display_name":"Algorithms and Data Compression","score":0.9901999831199646,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8558971881866455},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hash-function","display_name":"Hash function","score":0.6450954675674438},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bloom-filter","display_name":"Bloom filter","score":0.639954686164856},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/parallel-computing","display_name":"Parallel computing","score":0.5407796502113342},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/latency","display_name":"Latency (audio)","score":0.5107638835906982},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tree","display_name":"Tree (set theory)","score":0.5081346035003662},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/associative-array","display_name":"Associative array","score":0.4687032401561737},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/key","display_name":"Key (lock)","score":0.467693567276001},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dram","display_name":"Dram","score":0.45589473843574524},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/merge","display_name":"Merge (version control)","score":0.44144606590270996},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hash-table","display_name":"Hash table","score":0.42513155937194824},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operating-system","display_name":"Operating system","score":0.3538925349712372},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-hardware","display_name":"Computer hardware","score":0.2459009289741516},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.2455032467842102}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8558971881866455},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99138194","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q183427","display_name":"Hash function","level":2,"score":0.6450954675674438},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C147224247","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q885373","display_name":"Bloom filter","level":2,"score":0.639954686164856},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C173608175","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q232661","display_name":"Parallel computing","level":1,"score":0.5407796502113342},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C82876162","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17096504","display_name":"Latency (audio)","level":2,"score":0.5107638835906982},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C113174947","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2859736","display_name":"Tree (set theory)","level":2,"score":0.5081346035003662},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C168781493","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q80585","display_name":"Associative array","level":2,"score":0.4687032401561737},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26517878","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228039","display_name":"Key (lock)","level":2,"score":0.467693567276001},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C7366592","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1255620","display_name":"Dram","level":2,"score":0.45589473843574524},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C197129107","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1921621","display_name":"Merge (version control)","level":2,"score":0.44144606590270996},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C67388219","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207440","display_name":"Hash table","level":3,"score":0.42513155937194824},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.3538925349712372},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9390403","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3966","display_name":"Computer hardware","level":1,"score":0.2459009289741516},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.2455032467842102},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/3452846","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3452846","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3452846","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S158124317","display_name":"ACM Transactions on Storage","issn_l":"1553-3077","issn":["1553-3077","1553-3093"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319798","host_organization_name":"Association for Computing Machinery","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319798"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computing Machinery"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ACM Transactions on Storage","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3452846","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3452846","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3452846","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S158124317","display_name":"ACM Transactions on Storage","issn_l":"1553-3077","issn":["1553-3077","1553-3093"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319798","host_organization_name":"Association for Computing Machinery","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319798"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computing Machinery"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ACM Transactions on Storage","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2162281552","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"NRF-2018R1A5A1060031","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322120","funder_display_name":"National Research Foundation of Korea"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2742276884","display_name":"SPX: Collaborative Research: Mongo Graph Machine (MGM): A Flash-Based Appliance for Large Graph Analytics","funder_award_id":"1725303","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3034753964","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"grant","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320671","funder_display_name":"National Research Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3770179954","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"NRF-2018R1A5A1060031","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320671","funder_display_name":"National Research Foundation"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","display_name":"National Science Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/021nxhr62"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320671","display_name":"National Research Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/05s0g1g46"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322120","display_name":"National Research Foundation of Korea","ror":"https://ror.org/013aysd81"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320326308","display_name":"Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/03frjya69"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332195","display_name":"Samsung","ror":"https://ror.org/04w3jy968"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3172366570.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3172366570.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":27,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1980159249","https://openalex.org/W1985229168","https://openalex.org/W1995735274","https://openalex.org/W2029814178","https://openalex.org/W2068739275","https://openalex.org/W2087946700","https://openalex.org/W2108183412","https://openalex.org/W2110423232","https://openalex.org/W2116435146","https://openalex.org/W2572583791","https://openalex.org/W2605800201","https://openalex.org/W2613596181","https://openalex.org/W2751343396","https://openalex.org/W2795182149","https://openalex.org/W2798441769","https://openalex.org/W2884669182","https://openalex.org/W2912601938","https://openalex.org/W2913334236","https://openalex.org/W2927905354","https://openalex.org/W2946040749","https://openalex.org/W2963379900","https://openalex.org/W2976671949","https://openalex.org/W2982234780","https://openalex.org/W2998553639","https://openalex.org/W3098583838","https://openalex.org/W4248733056","https://openalex.org/W4254968218"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1694672787","https://openalex.org/W2069197195","https://openalex.org/W1606491530","https://openalex.org/W2129541134","https://openalex.org/W2362008364","https://openalex.org/W2359973492","https://openalex.org/W2571321171","https://openalex.org/W1997069068","https://openalex.org/W4232234733","https://openalex.org/W4285199258"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Key-value":[0],"store":[1],"based":[2],"on":[3],"a":[4,19,43,58,69,101,116,138,143],"log-structured":[5],"merge-tree":[6],"(LSM-tree)":[7],"is":[8,33,105,134],"preferable":[9],"to":[10,35,68,106,121,136],"hash-based":[11,52,70],"key-value":[12,44],"store,":[13],"because":[14],"an":[15,63,98],"LSM-tree":[16,32,99],"can":[17],"support":[18],"wider":[20],"variety":[21],"of":[22,42,62,97,110,119,126,146],"operations":[23],"and":[24,60,85,113],"show":[25],"better":[26],"performance,":[27],"especially":[28],"for":[29,142],"writes.":[30],"However,":[31],"difficult":[34],"implement":[36],"in":[37,93,100,154],"the":[38,95,108,123,127,151],"resource":[39,102],"constrained":[40,103],"environment":[41,104],"SSD":[45],"(KV-SSD),":[46],"and,":[47],"consequently,":[48],"KV-SSDs":[49],"typically":[50],"use":[51,109,115],"schemes.":[53],"We":[54,129],"present":[55],"PinK":[56,133],",":[57],"design":[59,140],"implementation":[61],"LSM-tree-based":[64],"KV-SSD,":[65,71],"which":[66],"compared":[67],"reduces":[72],"99th":[73],"percentile":[74],"tail":[75],"latency":[76,82],"by":[77,83,149],"73%,":[78],"improves":[79],"average":[80],"read":[81],"42%,":[84],"shows":[86],"37%":[87],"higher":[88],"throughput.":[89],"The":[90],"key":[91],"idea":[92],"improving":[94],"performance":[96],"avoid":[107],"Bloom":[111],"filters":[112],"instead,":[114],"small":[117],"amount":[118],"DRAM":[120],"keep/pin":[122],"top":[124],"levels":[125],"LSM-tree.":[128],"also":[130],"find":[131],"that":[132],"able":[135],"provide":[137],"flexible":[139],"space":[141],"wide":[144],"range":[145],"KV":[147],"workloads":[148],"leveraging":[150],"read-write":[152],"tradeoff":[153],"LSM-trees.":[155]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-04-10T15:06:20.359241","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}