{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3185065804","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3452379","title":"PLIERS","display_name":"PLIERS","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-07-23","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3185065804","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3452379","mag":"3185065804"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3452379","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3452379","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3452379","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S89276529","display_name":"ACM Transactions on Computer-Human Interaction","issn_l":"1073-0516","issn":["1073-0516","1557-7325"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319798","host_organization_name":"Association for Computing Machinery","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319798"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computing Machinery"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ACM Transactions on Computer-Human Interaction","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3452379","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5044646652","display_name":"Michael Coblenz","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9369-4069"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I74973139","display_name":"Carnegie Mellon University","ror":"https://ror.org/05x2bcf33","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I74973139"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Michael Coblenz","raw_affiliation_strings":["Carnegie Mellon University"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9369-4069","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Carnegie Mellon University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I74973139"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5040465177","display_name":"Gauri Kambhatla","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I27837315","display_name":"University of Michigan","ror":"https://ror.org/00jmfr291","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I27837315"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Gauri Kambhatla","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I27837315"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5072235094","display_name":"Paulette Koronkevich","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0325-3305"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I141945490","display_name":"University of British Columbia","ror":"https://ror.org/03rmrcq20","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I141945490"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Paulette Koronkevich","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I141945490"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5109490006","display_name":"Jenna Wise","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I74973139","display_name":"Carnegie Mellon University","ror":"https://ror.org/05x2bcf33","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I74973139"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jenna L. Wise","raw_affiliation_strings":["Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I74973139"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5008002025","display_name":"Celeste Barnaby","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7688-6133"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210099336","display_name":"Menlo School","ror":"https://ror.org/01240pn49","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210099336"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210114444","display_name":"Meta (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/01zbnvs85","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210114444"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Celeste Barnaby","raw_affiliation_strings":["Facebook, Inc., Menlo Park, CA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Facebook, Inc., Menlo Park, CA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210114444","https://openalex.org/I4210099336"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5039972599","display_name":"Joshua Sunshine","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9672-5297"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I74973139","display_name":"Carnegie Mellon University","ror":"https://ror.org/05x2bcf33","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I74973139"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Joshua Sunshine","raw_affiliation_strings":["Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I74973139"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5091372985","display_name":"Jonathan Aldrich","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0631-5591"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I74973139","display_name":"Carnegie Mellon University","ror":"https://ror.org/05x2bcf33","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I74973139"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jonathan Aldrich","raw_affiliation_strings":["Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I74973139"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5005887313","display_name":"Brad A. Myers","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4769-0219"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I74973139","display_name":"Carnegie Mellon University","ror":"https://ror.org/05x2bcf33","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I74973139"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Brad A. Myers","raw_affiliation_strings":["Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I74973139"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":8,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5044646652"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I74973139"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":4.5501,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":23,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.94952763,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"28","issue":"4","first_page":"1","last_page":"53"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10260","display_name":"Software Engineering Research","score":0.996399998664856,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10260","display_name":"Software Engineering Research","score":0.996399998664856,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12238","display_name":"Green IT and Sustainability","score":0.9889000058174133,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10101","display_name":"Cloud Computing and Resource Management","score":0.9794999957084656,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.819116473197937},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/immutability","display_name":"Immutability","score":0.6953642964363098},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/programming-language","display_name":"Programming language","score":0.6846456527709961},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/usability","display_name":"Usability","score":0.4988741874694824},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/java","display_name":"Java","score":0.45344027876853943},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/process","display_name":"Process (computing)","score":0.4513992369174957},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software-engineering","display_name":"Software engineering","score":0.40865007042884827},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/human\u2013computer-interaction","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","score":0.1890837848186493}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.819116473197937},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776126399","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3942906","display_name":"Immutability","level":3,"score":0.6953642964363098},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.6846456527709961},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C170130773","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q216378","display_name":"Usability","level":2,"score":0.4988741874694824},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C548217200","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q251","display_name":"Java","level":2,"score":0.45344027876853943},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98045186","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205663","display_name":"Process (computing)","level":2,"score":0.4513992369174957},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115903868","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q80993","display_name":"Software engineering","level":1,"score":0.40865007042884827},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107457646","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207434","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","level":1,"score":0.1890837848186493},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779687700","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q20514253","display_name":"Blockchain","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/3452379","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3452379","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3452379","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S89276529","display_name":"ACM Transactions on Computer-Human Interaction","issn_l":"1073-0516","issn":["1073-0516","1557-7325"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319798","host_organization_name":"Association for Computing Machinery","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319798"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computing Machinery"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ACM Transactions on Computer-Human Interaction","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3452379","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3452379","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3452379","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S89276529","display_name":"ACM Transactions on Computer-Human Interaction","issn_l":"1073-0516","issn":["1073-0516","1557-7325"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319798","host_organization_name":"Association for Computing Machinery","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319798"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computing Machinery"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ACM Transactions on Computer-Human Interaction","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4","score":0.5199999809265137,"display_name":"Quality Education"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2905832100","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"CNS-1423054, CCF-1814826","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3787937208","display_name":"SHF: Small: Knowledge Acceleration for Programming","funder_award_id":"1814826","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4912510968","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"CCF-1814826","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5553814922","display_name":"TWC: Small: Empirical Evaluation of the Usability and Security Implications of Application Programming Interface Design","funder_award_id":"1423054","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6763908637","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"CNS-1423054","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","display_name":"National Science Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/021nxhr62"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306078","display_name":"U.S. Department of Defense","ror":"https://ror.org/0447fe631"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320310207","display_name":"Carnegie Mellon University","ror":"https://ror.org/05x2bcf33"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3185065804.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3185065804.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":68,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W48379747","https://openalex.org/W159389675","https://openalex.org/W1557561422","https://openalex.org/W1896226795","https://openalex.org/W1964754464","https://openalex.org/W1969640700","https://openalex.org/W1975976188","https://openalex.org/W1985816302","https://openalex.org/W1996473305","https://openalex.org/W1998344822","https://openalex.org/W1999184850","https://openalex.org/W2004148902","https://openalex.org/W2012761058","https://openalex.org/W2021352015","https://openalex.org/W2030348613","https://openalex.org/W2037376210","https://openalex.org/W2058969248","https://openalex.org/W2064189581","https://openalex.org/W2064846307","https://openalex.org/W2084429940","https://openalex.org/W2084944215","https://openalex.org/W2090655269","https://openalex.org/W2091712774","https://openalex.org/W2093495548","https://openalex.org/W2094694891","https://openalex.org/W2095379033","https://openalex.org/W2098417174","https://openalex.org/W2099424113","https://openalex.org/W2099473180","https://openalex.org/W2102661934","https://openalex.org/W2107881319","https://openalex.org/W2108353880","https://openalex.org/W2131353092","https://openalex.org/W2131890917","https://openalex.org/W2132143669","https://openalex.org/W2133247167","https://openalex.org/W2143600439","https://openalex.org/W2154671002","https://openalex.org/W2157887077","https://openalex.org/W2161291947","https://openalex.org/W2162363818","https://openalex.org/W2293230997","https://openalex.org/W2358692116","https://openalex.org/W2368741442","https://openalex.org/W2407505401","https://openalex.org/W2470712504","https://openalex.org/W2538848838","https://openalex.org/W2556331994","https://openalex.org/W2564668751","https://openalex.org/W2616871725","https://openalex.org/W2739961559","https://openalex.org/W2762234363","https://openalex.org/W2763777702","https://openalex.org/W2788138100","https://openalex.org/W2892520266","https://openalex.org/W2898460403","https://openalex.org/W2914984626","https://openalex.org/W2969078728","https://openalex.org/W2970337504","https://openalex.org/W3008053328","https://openalex.org/W3032926401","https://openalex.org/W3092724436","https://openalex.org/W3106677187","https://openalex.org/W3121172885","https://openalex.org/W4240439404","https://openalex.org/W4240735127","https://openalex.org/W4244443567","https://openalex.org/W4245485508"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1517747134","https://openalex.org/W2802479602","https://openalex.org/W4386576376","https://openalex.org/W1570380538","https://openalex.org/W3182748079","https://openalex.org/W2019522068","https://openalex.org/W2298790717","https://openalex.org/W1971699141","https://openalex.org/W3212423087","https://openalex.org/W2053237223"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Programming":[0],"language":[1,56,103,136],"design":[2,7,82],"requires":[3],"making":[4],"many":[5,129],"usability-related":[6],"decisions.":[8],"However,":[9],"existing":[10],"HCI":[11,47],"methods":[12,48,61],"can":[13],"be":[14,125],"impractical":[15],"to":[16,18,49,81,90,93],"apply":[17],"programming":[19,55,69,85],"languages:":[20],"languages":[21,70,122],"have":[22],"high":[23,35],"iteration":[24],"costs,":[25],"programmers":[26,92,130],"require":[27],"significant":[28],"learning":[29],"time,":[30],"and":[31,45,98,131],"user":[32],"performance":[33],"has":[34],"variance.":[36],"To":[37],"address":[38],"these":[39,60],"problems,":[40],"we":[41],"adapted":[42],"both":[43],"formative":[44],"summative":[46],"make":[50],"them":[51],"more":[52],"suitable":[53],"for":[54,67,104,135],"design.":[57],"We":[58,75],"integrated":[59],"into":[62],"a":[63,72,102],"new":[64,84],"process,":[65],"PLIERS,":[66],"designing":[68],"in":[71,121],"user-centered":[73],"way.":[74],"assessed":[76],"PLIERS":[77,118],"by":[78,128],"using":[79],"it":[80],"two":[83],"languages.":[86],"Glacier":[87],"extends":[88],"Java":[89],"enable":[91],"express":[94],"immutability":[95],"properties":[96],"effectively":[97,127],"easily.":[99],"Obsidian":[100],"is":[101],"blockchains":[105],"that":[106,116,123],"includes":[107],"verification":[108],"of":[109],"critical":[110],"safety":[111],"properties.":[112],"Empirical":[113],"studies":[114],"showed":[115],"the":[117],"process":[119],"resulted":[120],"could":[124],"used":[126],"revealed":[132],"additional":[133],"opportunities":[134],"improvement.":[137]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-05-04T08:30:34.212998","created_date":"2021-08-02T00:00:00"}
