{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3092216412","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3452296.3472910","title":"Semi-automated protocol disambiguation and code generation","display_name":"Semi-automated protocol disambiguation and code generation","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-08-09","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3092216412","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3452296.3472910","mag":"3092216412"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3452296.3472910","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3452296.3472910","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3452296.3472910","source":null,"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 2021 ACM SIGCOMM 2021 Conference","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"preprint","indexed_in":["arxiv","crossref","datacite"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3452296.3472910","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5061025507","display_name":"Jane Yen","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1174212","display_name":"University of Southern California","ror":"https://ror.org/03taz7m60","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1174212"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2800817003","display_name":"Southern California University for Professional Studies","ror":"https://ror.org/058zz0t50","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2800817003"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Jane Yen","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Southern California","University  of Southern California"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Southern California","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2800817003","https://openalex.org/I1174212"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University  of Southern California","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2800817003","https://openalex.org/I1174212"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5008697486","display_name":"Tam\u00e1s L\u00e9vai","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1338-8668"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I29770179","display_name":"Budapest University of Technology and Economics","ror":"https://ror.org/02w42ss30","country_code":"HU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I29770179"]}],"countries":["HU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tam\u00e1s L\u00e9vai","raw_affiliation_strings":["Budapest University of Technology and Economics"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Budapest University of Technology and Economics","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I29770179"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5022956157","display_name":"Qinyuan Ye","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2800817003","display_name":"Southern California University for Professional Studies","ror":"https://ror.org/058zz0t50","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2800817003"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1174212","display_name":"University of Southern California","ror":"https://ror.org/03taz7m60","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1174212"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Qinyuan Ye","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Southern California","University  of Southern California"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Southern California","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2800817003","https://openalex.org/I1174212"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University  of Southern California","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2800817003","https://openalex.org/I1174212"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5009408707","display_name":"Xiang Ren","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8655-663X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1174212","display_name":"University of Southern California","ror":"https://ror.org/03taz7m60","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1174212"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2800817003","display_name":"Southern California University for Professional Studies","ror":"https://ror.org/058zz0t50","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2800817003"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiang Ren","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Southern California","University  of Southern California"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Southern California","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2800817003","https://openalex.org/I1174212"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University  of Southern California","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2800817003","https://openalex.org/I1174212"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5042326103","display_name":"Ramesh Govindan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8311-8853"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2800817003","display_name":"Southern California University for Professional Studies","ror":"https://ror.org/058zz0t50","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2800817003"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1174212","display_name":"University of Southern California","ror":"https://ror.org/03taz7m60","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1174212"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ramesh Govindan","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Southern California","University  of Southern California"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Southern California","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2800817003","https://openalex.org/I1174212"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University  of Southern California","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2800817003","https://openalex.org/I1174212"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5001941203","display_name":"Barath Raghavan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3862-2983"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2800817003","display_name":"Southern California University for Professional Studies","ror":"https://ror.org/058zz0t50","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2800817003"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1174212","display_name":"University of Southern California","ror":"https://ror.org/03taz7m60","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1174212"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Barath Raghavan","raw_affiliation_strings":["USC","University  of Southern California"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"USC","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University  of Southern California","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2800817003","https://openalex.org/I1174212"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5061025507"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1174212","https://openalex.org/I2800817003"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.01298929,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"272","last_page":"286"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12127","display_name":"Software System Performance and Reliability","score":0.9993000030517578,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12127","display_name":"Software System Performance and Reliability","score":0.9993000030517578,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10743","display_name":"Software Testing and Debugging Techniques","score":0.9988999962806702,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1712","display_name":"Software"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10260","display_name":"Software Engineering Research","score":0.994700014591217,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8338660597801208},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/implementation","display_name":"Implementation","score":0.752386212348938},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ambiguity","display_name":"Ambiguity","score":0.7352562546730042},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/internet-control-message-protocol","display_name":"Internet Control Message Protocol","score":0.667553722858429},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/programming-language","display_name":"Programming language","score":0.6099786758422852},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/protocol","display_name":"Protocol (science)","score":0.5500532388687134},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/code","display_name":"Code (set theory)","score":0.4732647240161896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/natural-language-processing","display_name":"Natural language processing","score":0.3504250645637512},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/the-internet","display_name":"The Internet","score":0.3452550768852234},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/set","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","score":0.27991363406181335},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/world-wide-web","display_name":"World Wide Web","score":0.18056818842887878}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8338660597801208},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26713055","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q245962","display_name":"Implementation","level":2,"score":0.752386212348938},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780522230","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1140419","display_name":"Ambiguity","level":2,"score":0.7352562546730042},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C195219913","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q13162","display_name":"Internet Control Message Protocol","level":3,"score":0.667553722858429},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.6099786758422852},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780385302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q367158","display_name":"Protocol (science)","level":3,"score":0.5500532388687134},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776760102","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5139990","display_name":"Code (set theory)","level":3,"score":0.4732647240161896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204321447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30642","display_name":"Natural language processing","level":1,"score":0.3504250645637512},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C110875604","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q75","display_name":"The Internet","level":2,"score":0.3452550768852234},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177264268","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1514741","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","level":2,"score":0.27991363406181335},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136764020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466","display_name":"World Wide Web","level":1,"score":0.18056818842887878},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204787440","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188504","display_name":"Alternative medicine","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142724271","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7208","display_name":"Pathology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/3452296.3472910","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3452296.3472910","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3452296.3472910","source":null,"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 2021 ACM SIGCOMM 2021 Conference","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:2010.04801","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/2010.04801","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2010.04801","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"mag:3092216412","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2010.04801.pdf","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","raw_type":null},{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2010.04801","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2010.04801","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":null,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3452296.3472910","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3452296.3472910","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3452296.3472910","source":null,"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 2021 ACM SIGCOMM 2021 Conference","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1002423621","display_name":"CAREER: Teaching Machines through Human Explanation for Information Extraction","funder_award_id":"2048211","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1481409437","display_name":"CNS Core: Large: Collaborative Research: Network Design Automation","funder_award_id":"1901523","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4526411277","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"CNS-1901523,IIS-2048211","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6894402473","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Fellowship","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7923322666","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"CNS-1901523","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G848032724","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Science","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","display_name":"National Science Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/021nxhr62"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3092216412.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3092216412.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":88,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W162810358","https://openalex.org/W1540047495","https://openalex.org/W1563576199","https://openalex.org/W1576549127","https://openalex.org/W1580423347","https://openalex.org/W1588651990","https://openalex.org/W1590488181","https://openalex.org/W1661413208","https://openalex.org/W1780466844","https://openalex.org/W1880491664","https://openalex.org/W1920802909","https://openalex.org/W1964424952","https://openalex.org/W1964823536","https://openalex.org/W2013596093","https://openalex.org/W2016206563","https://openalex.org/W2018041465","https://openalex.org/W2033871392","https://openalex.org/W2039157918","https://openalex.org/W2054409309","https://openalex.org/W2058503096","https://openalex.org/W2066566199","https://openalex.org/W2072635879","https://openalex.org/W2093535699","https://openalex.org/W2094878426","https://openalex.org/W2101432564","https://openalex.org/W2102632804","https://openalex.org/W2114131343","https://openalex.org/W2118414546","https://openalex.org/W2118781169","https://openalex.org/W2121372686","https://openalex.org/W2122196204","https://openalex.org/W2124533330","https://openalex.org/W2125023624","https://openalex.org/W2134323418","https://openalex.org/W2134330814","https://openalex.org/W2134890934","https://openalex.org/W2136451165","https://openalex.org/W2143017621","https://openalex.org/W2236233024","https://openalex.org/W2240292734","https://openalex.org/W2243203026","https://openalex.org/W2251824305","https://openalex.org/W2252136820","https://openalex.org/W2253297209","https://openalex.org/W2260681216","https://openalex.org/W2304240348","https://openalex.org/W2410540304","https://openalex.org/W2478103818","https://openalex.org/W2508004687","https://openalex.org/W2544422233","https://openalex.org/W2605887895","https://openalex.org/W2610002206","https://openalex.org/W2725434906","https://openalex.org/W2745980806","https://openalex.org/W2757361303","https://openalex.org/W2758782048","https://openalex.org/W2774850934","https://openalex.org/W2787560479","https://openalex.org/W2896392119","https://openalex.org/W2897767292","https://openalex.org/W2900353077","https://openalex.org/W2922141775","https://openalex.org/W2950632879","https://openalex.org/W2952781527","https://openalex.org/W2963341956","https://openalex.org/W2963617989","https://openalex.org/W2967748157","https://openalex.org/W2970597249","https://openalex.org/W2970796523","https://openalex.org/W2971910751","https://openalex.org/W2996428491","https://openalex.org/W3000642987","https://openalex.org/W3008088841","https://openalex.org/W3009002422","https://openalex.org/W3009075947","https://openalex.org/W3023554972","https://openalex.org/W3039754487","https://openalex.org/W3046486172","https://openalex.org/W4232215030","https://openalex.org/W4250487560","https://openalex.org/W4251246057","https://openalex.org/W4253977062","https://openalex.org/W6601141708","https://openalex.org/W6609367355","https://openalex.org/W6632257669","https://openalex.org/W6635205284","https://openalex.org/W6690316621","https://openalex.org/W6728767429"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2115514313","https://openalex.org/W2522278925","https://openalex.org/W3131034920","https://openalex.org/W2589033724","https://openalex.org/W3174124314","https://openalex.org/W2124040337","https://openalex.org/W3097575002","https://openalex.org/W3088089416","https://openalex.org/W2575806367","https://openalex.org/W2262942287","https://openalex.org/W3136690412","https://openalex.org/W2557805692","https://openalex.org/W2951399057","https://openalex.org/W2780762329","https://openalex.org/W2904458606","https://openalex.org/W2972924654","https://openalex.org/W2911369389","https://openalex.org/W237812766","https://openalex.org/W3100864431","https://openalex.org/W2890042297"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"For":[0],"decades,":[1],"Internet":[2],"protocols":[3],"have":[4,24],"been":[5],"specified":[6],"using":[7],"natural":[8,33],"language.":[9],"Given":[10],"the":[11,63,66],"ambiguity":[12],"inherent":[13],"in":[14,56],"such":[15],"text,":[16],"it":[17],"is":[18],"not":[19],"surprising":[20],"that":[21],"protocol":[22,42,67,72],"implementations":[23,43],"long":[25],"exhibited":[26],"bugs.":[27],"In":[28],"this":[29],"paper,":[30],"we":[31],"apply":[32],"language":[34],"processing":[35],"(NLP)":[36],"to":[37],"effect":[38],"semi-automated":[39],"generation":[40],"of":[41,65],"from":[44],"specification":[45],"text.":[46],"Our":[47],"system,":[48],"Sage,":[49],"can":[50,70],"uncover":[51],"ambiguous":[52],"or":[53],"under-specified":[54],"sentences":[55],"specifications;":[57],"once":[58],"these":[59],"are":[60],"clarified":[61],"by":[62],"author":[64],"specification,":[68],"Sage":[69],"generate":[71],"code":[73],"automatically.":[74]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-04-10T15:06:20.359241","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
