{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3159099519","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3450444","title":"Utilizing Web Trackers for Sybil Defense","display_name":"Utilizing Web Trackers for Sybil Defense","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-04-22","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3159099519","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3450444","mag":"3159099519"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3450444","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3450444","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S131231701","display_name":"ACM Transactions on the Web","issn_l":"1559-1131","issn":["1559-1131","1559-114X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319798","host_organization_name":"Association for Computing Machinery","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319798"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computing Machinery"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ACM Transactions on the Web","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5067059516","display_name":"Marcel Flores","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8881-2123"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I111979921","display_name":"Northwestern University","ror":"https://ror.org/000e0be47","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I111979921"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Marcel Flores","raw_affiliation_strings":["Northwestern University, Evanston, IL"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Northwestern University, Evanston, IL","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I111979921"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5109280056","display_name":"Andrew Kahn","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I111979921","display_name":"Northwestern University","ror":"https://ror.org/000e0be47","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I111979921"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Andrew Kahn","raw_affiliation_strings":["Northwestern University, Evanston, IL"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Northwestern University, Evanston, IL","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I111979921"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5098440221","display_name":"Marc Warrior","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I111979921","display_name":"Northwestern University","ror":"https://ror.org/000e0be47","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I111979921"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Marc Warrior","raw_affiliation_strings":["Northwestern University, Evanston, IL"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Northwestern University, Evanston, IL","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I111979921"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5083710366","display_name":"Alan Mislove","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4824-9302"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I12912129","display_name":"Northeastern University","ror":"https://ror.org/04t5xt781","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I12912129"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Alan Mislove","raw_affiliation_strings":["Northeastern University, Boston, MA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Northeastern University, Boston, MA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I12912129"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5045865983","display_name":"Aleksandar Kuzmanovic","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2622-6019"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I111979921","display_name":"Northwestern University","ror":"https://ror.org/000e0be47","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I111979921"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Aleksandar Kuzmanovic","raw_affiliation_strings":["Northwestern University, Boston, MA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Northwestern University, Boston, MA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I111979921"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.569,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":2,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.71941596,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":94},"biblio":{"volume":"15","issue":"2","first_page":"1","last_page":"19"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11644","display_name":"Spam and Phishing Detection","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11644","display_name":"Spam and Phishing Detection","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11598","display_name":"Internet Traffic Analysis and Secure E-voting","score":0.9988999962806702,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11241","display_name":"Advanced Malware Detection Techniques","score":0.9977999925613403,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.794296145439148},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bittorrent-tracker","display_name":"BitTorrent tracker","score":0.671511173248291},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/web-service","display_name":"Web service","score":0.5108232498168945},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/alibi","display_name":"Alibi","score":0.5081164836883545},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/world-wide-web","display_name":"World Wide Web","score":0.487457275390625},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/the-internet","display_name":"The Internet","score":0.46432653069496155},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/personalization","display_name":"Personalization","score":0.44845977425575256}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.794296145439148},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C57501372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2021268","display_name":"BitTorrent tracker","level":3,"score":0.671511173248291},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C35578498","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193424","display_name":"Web service","level":2,"score":0.5108232498168945},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777492778","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q468947","display_name":"Alibi","level":2,"score":0.5081164836883545},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136764020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466","display_name":"World Wide Web","level":1,"score":0.487457275390625},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C110875604","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q75","display_name":"The Internet","level":2,"score":0.46432653069496155},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C183003079","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1000371","display_name":"Personalization","level":2,"score":0.44845977425575256},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C56461940","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q970687","display_name":"Eye tracking","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/3450444","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3450444","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S131231701","display_name":"ACM Transactions on the Web","issn_l":"1559-1131","issn":["1559-1131","1559-114X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319798","host_organization_name":"Association for Computing Machinery","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319798"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computing Machinery"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ACM Transactions on the Web","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":27,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2290496","https://openalex.org/W9223698","https://openalex.org/W253864515","https://openalex.org/W1502591710","https://openalex.org/W1980534465","https://openalex.org/W2048702750","https://openalex.org/W2056700697","https://openalex.org/W2067191635","https://openalex.org/W2081086981","https://openalex.org/W2109882182","https://openalex.org/W2117406138","https://openalex.org/W2123539383","https://openalex.org/W2127503167","https://openalex.org/W2135930857","https://openalex.org/W2144093215","https://openalex.org/W2144411949","https://openalex.org/W2146707221","https://openalex.org/W2150941206","https://openalex.org/W2156274920","https://openalex.org/W2157800990","https://openalex.org/W2159359879","https://openalex.org/W2160976120","https://openalex.org/W2181631377","https://openalex.org/W2494629863","https://openalex.org/W4232900735","https://openalex.org/W4240443285","https://openalex.org/W4252630203"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2044326804","https://openalex.org/W2117331796","https://openalex.org/W1585501219","https://openalex.org/W2107997305","https://openalex.org/W1720568186","https://openalex.org/W2013765499","https://openalex.org/W4238933064","https://openalex.org/W1545910737","https://openalex.org/W257235306","https://openalex.org/W2357221182"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"User":[0],"tracking":[1],"has":[2],"become":[3],"ubiquitous":[4],"practice":[5],"on":[6,98],"the":[7,85,92,99,103,106,116,139],"Web,":[8],"allowing":[9],"services":[10],"to":[11,16,43,129,163],"recommend":[12],"behaviorally":[13],"targeted":[14],"content":[15],"users.":[17],"In":[18,47],"this":[19],"article,":[20],"we":[21,136],"design":[22],"Alibi,":[23],"a":[24,41,89,133,154],"system":[25],"that":[26,66,138,151],"utilizes":[27],"such":[28,88,111,120],"readily":[29],"available":[30],"personalized":[31],"content,":[32],"generated":[33],"by":[34,49,110],"recommendation":[35,96],"engines":[36,97],"in":[37],"real":[38],"time,":[39],"as":[40,56],"means":[42],"tame":[44,164],"Sybil":[45,80,166],"attacks.":[46,130,167],"particular,":[48],"using":[50],"ads":[51],"and":[52,70,101,127,144],"other":[53],"tracker-generated":[54],"recommendations":[55],"implicit":[57],"user":[58,134,140],"\u201ccertificates,\u201d":[59],"Alibi":[60,162],"is":[61],"capable":[62],"of":[63,73,87,95,105,119,157],"creating":[64],"meta-profiles":[65,141],"allow":[67],"for":[68],"rapid":[69],"inexpensive":[71],"validation":[72],"users\u2019":[74],"uniqueness,":[75,125],"thereby":[76],"enabling":[77],"an":[78],"Internet-wide":[79],"defense":[81],"service.":[82],"We":[83,113,149],"demonstrate":[84,150],"feasibility":[86],"system,":[90],"exploring":[91],"aggregate":[93],"behavior":[94],"Web":[100,159],"demonstrating":[102],"richness":[104],"meta-profile":[107],"space":[108],"defined":[109],"inputs.":[112],"further":[114],"explore":[115],"fundamental":[117],"properties":[118],"meta-profiles,":[121],"i.e.,":[122],"their":[123],"construction,":[124],"persistence,":[126],"resilience":[128],"By":[131],"conducting":[132],"study,":[135],"show":[137,145],"are":[142],"robust":[143],"important":[146],"scaling":[147],"effects.":[148],"utilizing":[152],"even":[153],"moderate":[155],"number":[156],"popular":[158],"sites":[160],"empowers":[161],"large-scale":[165]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}