{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3199469854","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3450329.3478313","title":"A Framework for the Discipline of Information Technology","display_name":"A Framework for the Discipline of Information Technology","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-09-16","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3199469854","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3450329.3478313","mag":"3199469854"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3450329.3478313","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3450329.3478313","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 22st Annual Conference on Information Technology Education","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5112426088","display_name":"Hazem Said","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2453-1207"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I63135867","display_name":"University of Cincinnati","ror":"https://ror.org/01e3m7079","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I63135867"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Hazem Said","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I63135867"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5039880318","display_name":"Michael Zidar","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I63135867","display_name":"University of Cincinnati","ror":"https://ror.org/01e3m7079","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I63135867"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Michael Zidar","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I63135867"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5005920800","display_name":"Said Varlioglu","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I63135867","display_name":"University of Cincinnati","ror":"https://ror.org/01e3m7079","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I63135867"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Said Varlioglu","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I63135867"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5076339400","display_name":"Cornelius Itodo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0007-3777-7891"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I63135867","display_name":"University of Cincinnati","ror":"https://ror.org/01e3m7079","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I63135867"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Cornelius Itodo","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I63135867"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5112426088"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I63135867"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.9654,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":13,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.88120141,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"53","last_page":"54"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11572","display_name":"Information Technology Governance and Strategy","score":0.9898999929428101,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1404","display_name":"Management Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11572","display_name":"Information Technology Governance and Strategy","score":0.9898999929428101,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1404","display_name":"Management Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11891","display_name":"Big Data and Business Intelligence","score":0.9872000217437744,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1404","display_name":"Management Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13034","display_name":"Information Systems Education and Curriculum Development","score":0.9787999987602234,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/information-technology","display_name":"Information technology","score":0.6605755090713501},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/knowledge-management","display_name":"Knowledge management","score":0.6038271188735962},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/discipline","display_name":"Discipline","score":0.5060321688652039},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/foundation","display_name":"Foundation (evidence)","score":0.5012743473052979},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/information-system","display_name":"Information system","score":0.47880062460899353},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/information-security","display_name":"Information security","score":0.4344896674156189},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/information-technology-architecture","display_name":"Information technology architecture","score":0.4208422303199768},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.40018633008003235},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering-ethics","display_name":"Engineering ethics","score":0.3751791715621948},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering-management","display_name":"Engineering management","score":0.34820085763931274},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/management-information-systems","display_name":"Management information systems","score":0.2850545048713684},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.2827501893043518},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/information-technology-management","display_name":"Information technology management","score":0.26156020164489746},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sociology","display_name":"Sociology","score":0.23779332637786865},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/political-science","display_name":"Political science","score":0.1365131437778473},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.08512252569198608}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121017731","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11661","display_name":"Information technology","level":2,"score":0.6605755090713501},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C56739046","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192060","display_name":"Knowledge management","level":1,"score":0.6038271188735962},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C8795937","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11862829","display_name":"Discipline","level":2,"score":0.5060321688652039},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780966255","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5474306","display_name":"Foundation (evidence)","level":2,"score":0.5012743473052979},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C180198813","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q121182","display_name":"Information system","level":2,"score":0.47880062460899353},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C527648132","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189900","display_name":"Information security","level":2,"score":0.4344896674156189},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C59269818","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6030887","display_name":"Information technology architecture","level":5,"score":0.4208422303199768},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.40018633008003235},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55587333","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1133029","display_name":"Engineering ethics","level":1,"score":0.3751791715621948},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C110354214","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6314146","display_name":"Engineering management","level":1,"score":0.34820085763931274},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C29848774","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q61905","display_name":"Management information systems","level":3,"score":0.2850545048713684},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.2827501893043518},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134503902","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1473265","display_name":"Information technology management","level":4,"score":0.26156020164489746},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.23779332637786865},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.1365131437778473},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.08512252569198608},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36289849","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q34749","display_name":"Social science","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/3450329.3478313","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3450329.3478313","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 22st Annual Conference on Information Technology Education","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9","score":0.6700000166893005}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":10,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W33985055","https://openalex.org/W170345642","https://openalex.org/W1536486508","https://openalex.org/W1563427566","https://openalex.org/W1967749954","https://openalex.org/W1972412498","https://openalex.org/W2136524848","https://openalex.org/W2789588451","https://openalex.org/W4292542163","https://openalex.org/W6601414400"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2382016241","https://openalex.org/W2370825436","https://openalex.org/W2384465023","https://openalex.org/W2184817066","https://openalex.org/W1978187271","https://openalex.org/W639022512","https://openalex.org/W2384199969","https://openalex.org/W2086472688","https://openalex.org/W2958142594","https://openalex.org/W4251269002"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"paper":[1],"presents":[2,82],"a":[3,83,110],"framework":[4,13,81],"for":[5,85,112,123],"the":[6,19,25,35,41,62,66,86,104,116,121,129],"academic":[7,113],"discipline":[8,38,63,87,107],"of":[9,49,71,88,132],"information":[10,36,89,105],"technology.":[11,78],"The":[12,79],"defines":[14],"four":[15],"independent":[16],"elements":[17],"to":[18,54,91,102,118,127],"discipline:":[20],"People,":[21],"Information,":[22],"Technology,":[23],"and":[24,47,69,77,95,108,115,125],"Solutions":[26],"or":[27],"Needs":[28],"that":[29,51,73],"connect":[30,74],"them.":[31],"In":[32,59],"IT":[33,60],"practice,":[34],"technology":[37,53,90,106],"aim":[39,64],"is":[40,65],"selection,":[42],"creation,":[43],"integration,":[44],"application,":[45],"security,":[46],"administration":[48],"solutions":[50],"use":[52],"empower":[55],"people":[56],"through":[57],"information.":[58],"research,":[61],"investigation,":[67],"discovery,":[68],"dissemination":[70],"needs":[72],"people,":[75],"information,":[76],"proposed":[80],"theory":[84],"inform":[92],"its":[93],"research":[94],"practice.":[96],"It":[97],"builds":[98],"on":[99],"past":[100],"efforts":[101],"define":[103],"provides":[109],"foundation":[111],"institutions":[114],"industry":[117],"proactively":[119],"address":[120],"need":[122],"talent":[124],"innovation":[126],"sustain":[128],"economic":[130],"engine":[131],"our":[133],"society.":[134]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-04-22T08:38:42.863108","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
