{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3175059424","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3449639.3459378","title":"Evaluating medical aesthetics treatments through evolved age-estimation models","display_name":"Evaluating medical aesthetics treatments through evolved age-estimation models","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-06-21","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3175059424","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3449639.3459378","mag":"3175059424"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3449639.3459378","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3449639.3459378","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4363608932","display_name":"Proceedings of the Genetic and Evolutionary Computation Conference","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the Genetic and Evolutionary Computation Conference","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5020441009","display_name":"Risto Miikkulainen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0062-0037"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I86519309","display_name":"The University of Texas at Austin","ror":"https://ror.org/00hj54h04","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I86519309"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Risto Miikkulainen","raw_affiliation_strings":["The University of Texas at Austin"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"The University of Texas at Austin","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I86519309"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5020821744","display_name":"Elliot Meyerson","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1871-2757"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I163361683","display_name":"Cognizant (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/036s7bw54","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I163361683"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Elliot Meyerson","raw_affiliation_strings":["Cognizant AI Labs"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Cognizant AI Labs","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I163361683"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102019018","display_name":"Xin Qiu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5358-8854"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I163361683","display_name":"Cognizant (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/036s7bw54","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I163361683"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xin Qiu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Cognizant AI Labs"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Cognizant AI Labs","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I163361683"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5041027512","display_name":"Ujjayant Sinha","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210117535","display_name":"Cognizant (India)","ror":"https://ror.org/01x51st25","country_code":"IN","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I163361683","https://openalex.org/I4210117535"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ujjayant Sinha","raw_affiliation_strings":["Cognizant Technology Solutions, New Delhi, India"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Cognizant Technology Solutions, New Delhi, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210117535"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100564227","display_name":"Raghav Kumar","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210117535","display_name":"Cognizant (India)","ror":"https://ror.org/01x51st25","country_code":"IN","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I163361683","https://openalex.org/I4210117535"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Raghav Kumar","raw_affiliation_strings":["Cognizant Technology Solutions, New Delhi, India"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Cognizant Technology Solutions, New Delhi, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210117535"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5112525635","display_name":"Karen Hofmann","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I163361683","display_name":"Cognizant (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/036s7bw54","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I163361683"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Karen Hofmann","raw_affiliation_strings":["Cognizant Technology Solutions"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Cognizant Technology Solutions","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I163361683"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5063710094","display_name":"Yiyang Matt Yan","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2948539688","display_name":"AbbVie (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/02g5p4n58","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2948539688"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yiyang Matt Yan","raw_affiliation_strings":["AbbVie, Inc"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"AbbVie, Inc","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2948539688"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5111902464","display_name":"Michael Ye","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2948539688","display_name":"AbbVie (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/02g5p4n58","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2948539688"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Michael Ye","raw_affiliation_strings":["AbbVie, Inc"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"AbbVie, Inc","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2948539688"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5047858000","display_name":"Jingyuan Yang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1238-9597"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2948539688","display_name":"AbbVie (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/02g5p4n58","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2948539688"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jingyuan Yang","raw_affiliation_strings":["AbbVie, Inc"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"AbbVie, Inc","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2948539688"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5000730987","display_name":"Damon Caiazza","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2948539688","display_name":"AbbVie (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/02g5p4n58","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2948539688"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Damon Caiazza","raw_affiliation_strings":["AbbVie, Inc"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"AbbVie, Inc","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2948539688"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5085356703","display_name":"Stephanie Manson Brown","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210153794","display_name":"AbbVie (United Kingdom)","ror":"https://ror.org/04tnbfn25","country_code":"GB","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2948539688","https://openalex.org/I4210153794"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Stephanie Manson Brown","raw_affiliation_strings":["AbbVie, Inc., Marlow, UK"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"AbbVie, Inc., Marlow, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210153794"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":3,"institutions_distinct_count":11,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5020441009"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I86519309"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.341,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":7,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.79253112,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"20","issue":null,"first_page":"1009","last_page":"1017"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11118","display_name":"Evolutionary Psychology and Human Behavior","score":0.9876000285148621,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3205","display_name":"Experimental and Cognitive Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11118","display_name":"Evolutionary Psychology and Human Behavior","score":0.9876000285148621,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3205","display_name":"Experimental and Cognitive Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11013","display_name":"Skin Protection and Aging","score":0.9828000068664551,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2708","display_name":"Dermatology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12663","display_name":"Body Image and Dysmorphia Studies","score":0.9783999919891357,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3203","display_name":"Clinical Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hyperparameter","display_name":"Hyperparameter","score":0.7469766139984131},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6888072490692139},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.6798422336578369},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.5893865823745728},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/task","display_name":"Task (project management)","score":0.5755589008331299},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reliability","display_name":"Reliability (semiconductor)","score":0.5729976892471313},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/perception","display_name":"Perception","score":0.4954124689102173},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/estimation","display_name":"Estimation","score":0.4493180811405182},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gaussian-process","display_name":"Gaussian process","score":0.4414432644844055},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/deep-learning","display_name":"Deep learning","score":0.4281077980995178},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-neural-network","display_name":"Artificial neural network","score":0.42440804839134216},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gaussian","display_name":"Gaussian","score":0.3376845717430115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psychology","display_name":"Psychology","score":0.13499361276626587}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C8642999","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4171168","display_name":"Hyperparameter","level":2,"score":0.7469766139984131},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6888072490692139},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.6798422336578369},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.5893865823745728},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780451532","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q759676","display_name":"Task (project management)","level":2,"score":0.5755589008331299},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C43214815","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7310987","display_name":"Reliability (semiconductor)","level":3,"score":0.5729976892471313},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26760741","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q160402","display_name":"Perception","level":2,"score":0.4954124689102173},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C96250715","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q965330","display_name":"Estimation","level":2,"score":0.4493180811405182},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C61326573","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1496376","display_name":"Gaussian process","level":3,"score":0.4414432644844055},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108583219","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q197536","display_name":"Deep learning","level":2,"score":0.4281077980995178},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.42440804839134216},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163716315","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q901177","display_name":"Gaussian","level":2,"score":0.3376845717430115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.13499361276626587},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187736073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2920921","display_name":"Management","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169760540","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207011","display_name":"Neuroscience","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163258240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25342","display_name":"Power (physics)","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/3449639.3459378","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3449639.3459378","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4363608932","display_name":"Proceedings of the Genetic and Evolutionary Computation Conference","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the Genetic and Evolutionary Computation Conference","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":61,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W74727102","https://openalex.org/W1567512734","https://openalex.org/W1583837637","https://openalex.org/W2022513414","https://openalex.org/W2031846031","https://openalex.org/W2051407802","https://openalex.org/W2054597401","https://openalex.org/W2085481337","https://openalex.org/W2099471712","https://openalex.org/W2117539524","https://openalex.org/W2126263520","https://openalex.org/W2166060035","https://openalex.org/W2194775991","https://openalex.org/W2510725918","https://openalex.org/W2593744649","https://openalex.org/W2612445135","https://openalex.org/W2746314669","https://openalex.org/W2770241596","https://openalex.org/W2770298516","https://openalex.org/W2783348159","https://openalex.org/W2797558164","https://openalex.org/W2799041689","https://openalex.org/W2804935296","https://openalex.org/W2885311373","https://openalex.org/W2888968887","https://openalex.org/W2896707536","https://openalex.org/W2910603373","https://openalex.org/W2914584698","https://openalex.org/W2917962371","https://openalex.org/W2946948417","https://openalex.org/W2952355681","https://openalex.org/W2953106684","https://openalex.org/W2962835968","https://openalex.org/W2963136028","https://openalex.org/W2963173418","https://openalex.org/W2963238274","https://openalex.org/W2963446712","https://openalex.org/W2963557251","https://openalex.org/W2964052793","https://openalex.org/W2964059111","https://openalex.org/W2964212578","https://openalex.org/W2965658867","https://openalex.org/W2995333506","https://openalex.org/W2997145940","https://openalex.org/W3003301247","https://openalex.org/W3005716209","https://openalex.org/W3006019793","https://openalex.org/W3008738798","https://openalex.org/W3010604601","https://openalex.org/W3033997080","https://openalex.org/W3035112847","https://openalex.org/W3083205286","https://openalex.org/W3174427901","https://openalex.org/W3176111259","https://openalex.org/W4226348722","https://openalex.org/W4236965008","https://openalex.org/W4256361765","https://openalex.org/W4365800092","https://openalex.org/W6633735129","https://openalex.org/W6752040014","https://openalex.org/W6753278433"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2140186469","https://openalex.org/W2141609920","https://openalex.org/W4286748465","https://openalex.org/W3118984993","https://openalex.org/W2144336328","https://openalex.org/W3196933554","https://openalex.org/W4294619368","https://openalex.org/W4380558509","https://openalex.org/W2169866437","https://openalex.org/W1964286703"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Estimating":[0],"a":[1,5,9,57,81,108,137,143,153,177,187],"person's":[2],"age":[3,71,131,159],"from":[4,62],"facial":[6,29],"image":[7],"is":[8,160],"challenging":[10],"problem":[11],"with":[12,31,53],"clinical":[13,63],"applications.":[14],"Several":[15],"medical":[16,197],"aesthetics":[17,198],"treatments":[18],"have":[19],"been":[20],"developed":[21,85],"that":[22,65,86,149],"alter":[23],"the":[24,32,88,96,119,127,130,150,193],"skin":[25],"texture":[26],"and":[27,39,91,95],"other":[28],"features,":[30],"goal":[33],"of":[34,77,129,186,196],"potentially":[35],"improving":[36],"patient's":[37],"appearance":[38],"perceived":[40],"age.":[41],"In":[42],"this":[43,45,100,124,191],"paper,":[44],"effect":[46],"was":[47,60,84,133],"evaluated":[48],"using":[49,135],"evolutionary":[50],"neural":[51],"networks":[52],"uncertainty":[54,139],"estimation.":[55],"First,":[56],"realistic":[58],"dataset":[59,147],"obtained":[61],"studies":[64],"makes":[66],"it":[67],"possible":[68],"to":[69,99,164],"estimate":[70],"more":[72],"reliably":[73],"than":[74],"e.g.":[75],"datasets":[76],"celebrity":[78],"images.":[79],"Second,":[80],"neuroevolution":[82],"approach":[83],"customizes":[87],"architecture,":[89],"learning,":[90],"data":[92],"augmentation":[93],"hyperparameters":[94],"loss":[97],"function":[98],"task.":[101,125],"Using":[102],"state-of-the-art":[103],"computer":[104],"vision":[105],"architectures":[106],"as":[107],"starting":[109],"point,":[110],"evolution":[111],"improved":[112],"their":[113],"original":[114],"accuracy":[115],"significantly,":[116],"eventually":[117],"outperforming":[118],"best":[120],"human":[121],"optimizations":[122],"in":[123,176,190],"Third,":[126],"reliability":[128],"predictions":[132],"estimated":[134,158],"RIO,":[136],"Gaussian-Process-based":[138],"model.":[140],"Evaluation":[141],"on":[142],"real-world":[144],"Botox":[145],"treatment":[146,151],"shows":[148,170],"has":[152],"quantifiable":[154],"result:":[155],"The":[156,167],"patients'":[157],"reduced":[161],"significantly":[162],"compared":[163],"placebo":[165],"treatments.":[166,199],"study":[168],"thus":[169],"how":[171],"AI":[172],"can":[173],"be":[174],"harnessed":[175],"new":[178],"role:":[179],"To":[180],"provide":[181],"an":[182],"objective":[183],"quantitative":[184],"measure":[185],"subjective":[188],"perception,":[189],"case":[192],"proposed":[194],"effectiveness":[195]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}