{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3176646691","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3449639.3459351","title":"Coevolutionary modeling of cyber attack patterns and mitigations using public datasets","display_name":"Coevolutionary modeling of cyber attack patterns and mitigations using public datasets","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-06-21","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3176646691","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3449639.3459351","mag":"3176646691"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3449639.3459351","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3449639.3459351","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4363608932","display_name":"Proceedings of the Genetic and Evolutionary Computation Conference","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"conference"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the Genetic and Evolutionary Computation Conference","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3449639.3459351","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5020086880","display_name":"Michal Shlapentokh-Rothman","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210110987","display_name":"IIT@MIT","ror":"https://ror.org/01wp8zh54","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I30771326","https://openalex.org/I4210110987"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210109586","display_name":"Moscow Institute of Thermal Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/021es5e59","country_code":"RU","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210109586"]}],"countries":["RU","US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Michal Shlapentokh-Rothman","raw_affiliation_strings":["MIT","MIT Cambridge, MA, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"MIT","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210109586"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"MIT Cambridge, MA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210110987"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5075550976","display_name":"Jonathan Kelly","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1730-2203"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210109586","display_name":"Moscow Institute of Thermal Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/021es5e59","country_code":"RU","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210109586"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210110987","display_name":"IIT@MIT","ror":"https://ror.org/01wp8zh54","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I30771326","https://openalex.org/I4210110987"]}],"countries":["RU","US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jonathan Kelly","raw_affiliation_strings":["MIT","MIT Cambridge, MA, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"MIT","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210109586"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"MIT Cambridge, MA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210110987"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5036287839","display_name":"Avital Baral","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210109586","display_name":"Moscow Institute of Thermal Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/021es5e59","country_code":"RU","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210109586"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210110987","display_name":"IIT@MIT","ror":"https://ror.org/01wp8zh54","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I30771326","https://openalex.org/I4210110987"]}],"countries":["RU","US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Avital Baral","raw_affiliation_strings":["MIT","MIT Cambridge, MA, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"MIT","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210109586"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"MIT Cambridge, MA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210110987"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5042705542","display_name":"Erik Hemberg","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2153-3506"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210110987","display_name":"IIT@MIT","ror":"https://ror.org/01wp8zh54","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I30771326","https://openalex.org/I4210110987"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210109586","display_name":"Moscow Institute of Thermal Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/021es5e59","country_code":"RU","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210109586"]}],"countries":["RU","US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Erik Hemberg","raw_affiliation_strings":["MIT","MIT Cambridge, MA, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"MIT","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210109586"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"MIT Cambridge, MA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210110987"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5000646181","display_name":"Una-May O\u2019Reilly","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6923-8445"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210110987","display_name":"IIT@MIT","ror":"https://ror.org/01wp8zh54","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I30771326","https://openalex.org/I4210110987"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210109586","display_name":"Moscow Institute of Thermal Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/021es5e59","country_code":"RU","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210109586"]}],"countries":["RU","US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Una-May O'Reilly","raw_affiliation_strings":["MIT","MIT Cambridge, MA, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"MIT","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210109586"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"MIT Cambridge, MA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210110987"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5020086880"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210109586","https://openalex.org/I4210110987"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.3774,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":9,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.87735849,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"714","last_page":"722"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11241","display_name":"Advanced Malware Detection Techniques","score":0.9977999925613403,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11241","display_name":"Advanced Malware Detection Techniques","score":0.9977999925613403,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10400","display_name":"Network Security and Intrusion Detection","score":0.9919000267982483,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11764","display_name":"Evolution and Genetic Dynamics","score":0.9753999710083008,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1311","display_name":"Genetics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7007474303245544},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/stylized-fact","display_name":"Stylized fact","score":0.647808849811554},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/vulnerability","display_name":"Vulnerability (computing)","score":0.6340858340263367},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/competition","display_name":"Competition (biology)","score":0.5847334861755371},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/population","display_name":"Population","score":0.5366157293319702},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software","display_name":"Software","score":0.5345323085784912},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.5335391759872437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/outcome","display_name":"Outcome (game theory)","score":0.4382244646549225},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.32977399230003357},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ecology","display_name":"Ecology","score":0.0912921130657196},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/biology","display_name":"Biology","score":0.09072571992874146}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7007474303245544},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38935604","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4330363","display_name":"Stylized fact","level":2,"score":0.647808849811554},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95713431","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q631425","display_name":"Vulnerability (computing)","level":2,"score":0.6340858340263367},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C91306197","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q45767","display_name":"Competition (biology)","level":2,"score":0.5847334861755371},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2908647359","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2625603","display_name":"Population","level":2,"score":0.5366157293319702},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777904410","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7397","display_name":"Software","level":2,"score":0.5345323085784912},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.5335391759872437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C148220186","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7111912","display_name":"Outcome (game theory)","level":2,"score":0.4382244646549225},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.32977399230003357},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18903297","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7150","display_name":"Ecology","level":1,"score":0.0912921130657196},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.09072571992874146},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144237770","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q747534","display_name":"Mathematical economics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149923435","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37732","display_name":"Demography","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C139719470","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39680","display_name":"Macroeconomics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/3449639.3459351","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3449639.3459351","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4363608932","display_name":"Proceedings of the Genetic and Evolutionary Computation Conference","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"conference"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the Genetic and Evolutionary Computation Conference","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:dspace.mit.edu:1721.1/145921","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/145921","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400425","display_name":"DSpace@MIT (Massachusetts Institute of Technology)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I63966007","host_organization_name":"Massachusetts Institute of Technology","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I63966007"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-nc","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"ACM|2021 Genetic and Evolutionary Computation Conference","raw_type":"http://purl.org/eprint/type/ConferencePaper"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3449639.3459351","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3449639.3459351","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4363608932","display_name":"Proceedings of the Genetic and Evolutionary Computation Conference","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"conference"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the Genetic and Evolutionary Computation Conference","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.4099999964237213,"display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16"}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332180","display_name":"Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency","ror":"https://ror.org/02caytj08"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":20,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1593481303","https://openalex.org/W1965401861","https://openalex.org/W1993842826","https://openalex.org/W2077937403","https://openalex.org/W2295856939","https://openalex.org/W2310169360","https://openalex.org/W2736209133","https://openalex.org/W2795845996","https://openalex.org/W2898374736","https://openalex.org/W2908520504","https://openalex.org/W2947676308","https://openalex.org/W2980659949","https://openalex.org/W2984961272","https://openalex.org/W2996740343","https://openalex.org/W3014524697","https://openalex.org/W3046537804","https://openalex.org/W3046785150","https://openalex.org/W3091016942","https://openalex.org/W3103250307","https://openalex.org/W4210434492"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2529311304","https://openalex.org/W4248275646","https://openalex.org/W2992609826","https://openalex.org/W2552900035","https://openalex.org/W2162875951","https://openalex.org/W2062875858","https://openalex.org/W3124809058","https://openalex.org/W4380047323","https://openalex.org/W2138330538","https://openalex.org/W2350612079"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0],"evolution":[1],"of":[2,13,49,90,102,120],"advanced":[3],"persistent":[4],"threats":[5,34],"(APTs)":[6],"spurs":[7],"us":[8],"to":[9,19,152],"explore":[10],"computational":[11],"models":[12,119],"coevolutionary":[14,131],"dynamics":[15,122],"arising":[16],"from":[17,23,55,85],"efforts":[18],"secure":[20],"cyber":[21,43],"systems":[22],"them.":[24],"In":[25,95],"a":[26,38,103,145],"first":[27],"for":[28],"evolutionary":[29,160],"algorithms,":[30],"we":[31,98],"incorporate":[32],"known":[33],"and":[35,65,75,93,168],"vulnerabilities":[36],"into":[37],"stylized":[39],"\"competition\"":[40],"that":[41,52,78,134,142],"pits":[42],"attack":[44,50,155,166],"patterns":[45,51,167],"against":[46],"mitigations.":[47,169],"Variations":[48],"are":[53],"drawn":[54],"the":[56,76,86,100,107,136,143],"public":[57,87,108],"CAPEC":[58],"catalog":[59],"offering":[60],"Common":[61,91,109],"Attack":[62],"Pattern":[63],"Enumeration":[64],"Classifications.":[66],"Mitigations":[67],"take":[68],"two":[69],"forms:":[70],"software":[71,77],"updates":[72],"or":[73],"monitoring,":[74],"is":[79,81],"mitigated":[80],"identified":[82],"by":[83,105],"drawing":[84],"CVE":[88],"dictionary":[89],"Vulnerabilities":[92],"Exposures.":[94],"another":[96],"first,":[97],"quantify":[99],"outcome":[101],"competition":[104],"incorporating":[106],"Vulnerability":[110],"Scoring":[111],"System":[112],"-":[113],"CVSS.":[114],"We":[115],"align":[116],"three":[117,129],"abstract":[118],"population-level":[121],"where":[123],"APTs":[124],"interact":[125],"with":[126,128],"defenses":[127],"competitive,":[130],"algorithm":[132],"variants":[133],"use":[135],"competition.":[137],"A":[138],"comparative":[139],"study":[140],"shows":[141],"way":[144],"defensive":[146],"population":[147],"preferentially":[148],"acts,":[149],"e.g.":[150],"shifting":[151],"mitigating":[153],"recent":[154],"patterns,":[156],"results":[157],"in":[158],"different":[159,164],"outcomes,":[161],"expressed":[162],"as":[163],"dominant":[165]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-04-05T17:49:38.594831","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
