{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3157157249","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3449223","title":"Designing for Independence for People with Visual Impairments","display_name":"Designing for Independence for People with Visual Impairments","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-04-13","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3157157249","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3449223","mag":"3157157249"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3449223","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3449223","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210183893","display_name":"Proceedings of the ACM on Human-Computer Interaction","issn_l":"2573-0142","issn":["2573-0142"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319798","host_organization_name":"Association for Computing Machinery","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319798"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computing Machinery"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the ACM on Human-Computer Interaction","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100626494","display_name":"Sooyeon Lee","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4971-2004"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I130769515","display_name":"Pennsylvania State University","ror":"https://ror.org/04p491231","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I130769515"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Sooyeon Lee","raw_affiliation_strings":["The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130769515"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5042823669","display_name":"Madison Reddie","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7869-4389"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I130769515","display_name":"Pennsylvania State University","ror":"https://ror.org/04p491231","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I130769515"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Madison Reddie","raw_affiliation_strings":["The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130769515"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5054610664","display_name":"John M. Carroll","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5189-337X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I130769515","display_name":"Pennsylvania State University","ror":"https://ror.org/04p491231","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I130769515"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"John M. Carroll","raw_affiliation_strings":["The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130769515"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5100626494"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130769515"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":6.3901,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":25,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.96352562,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"5","issue":"CSCW1","first_page":"1","last_page":"19"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12207","display_name":"Assistive Technology in Communication and Mobility","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3609","display_name":"Occupational Therapy"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/36","display_name":"Health Professions"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12207","display_name":"Assistive Technology in Communication and Mobility","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3609","display_name":"Occupational Therapy"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/36","display_name":"Health Professions"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10914","display_name":"Tactile and Sensory Interactions","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12481","display_name":"Digital Accessibility for Disabilities","score":0.9994000196456909,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3307","display_name":"Human Factors and Ergonomics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/independence","display_name":"Independence (probability theory)","score":0.845320463180542},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/assistive-technology","display_name":"Assistive technology","score":0.6622591018676758},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/context","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","score":0.5944206714630127},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/meaning","display_name":"Meaning (existential)","score":0.5651025772094727},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/articulation","display_name":"Articulation (sociology)","score":0.5508244633674622},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psychology","display_name":"Psychology","score":0.4561362564563751},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/social-psychology","display_name":"Social psychology","score":0.3249675929546356},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.2553175687789917},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/human\u2013computer-interaction","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","score":0.24126464128494263},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/political-science","display_name":"Political science","score":0.1459280252456665},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geography","display_name":"Geography","score":0.08367809653282166}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C35651441","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q625303","display_name":"Independence (probability theory)","level":2,"score":0.845320463180542},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3017715821","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q688498","display_name":"Assistive technology","level":2,"score":0.6622591018676758},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779343474","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3109175","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","level":2,"score":0.5944206714630127},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780876879","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3054749","display_name":"Meaning (existential)","level":2,"score":0.5651025772094727},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779337067","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4800961","display_name":"Articulation (sociology)","level":3,"score":0.5508244633674622},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.4561362564563751},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77805123","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161272","display_name":"Social psychology","level":1,"score":0.3249675929546356},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.2553175687789917},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107457646","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207434","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","level":1,"score":0.24126464128494263},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.1459280252456665},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.08367809653282166},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C542102704","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q183257","display_name":"Psychotherapist","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166957645","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23498","display_name":"Archaeology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94625758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7163","display_name":"Politics","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/3449223","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3449223","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210183893","display_name":"Proceedings of the ACM on Human-Computer Interaction","issn_l":"2573-0142","issn":["2573-0142"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319798","host_organization_name":"Association for Computing Machinery","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319798"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computing Machinery"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the ACM on Human-Computer Interaction","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Quality Education","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4","score":0.47999998927116394}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6193076742","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"1317560","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","display_name":"National Science Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/021nxhr62"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":52,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W48421910","https://openalex.org/W1153771342","https://openalex.org/W1500287723","https://openalex.org/W1565875539","https://openalex.org/W1739964968","https://openalex.org/W1974037181","https://openalex.org/W1979290264","https://openalex.org/W1995400417","https://openalex.org/W1996924935","https://openalex.org/W2010361629","https://openalex.org/W2026663512","https://openalex.org/W2033273556","https://openalex.org/W2040010635","https://openalex.org/W2051365526","https://openalex.org/W2073643019","https://openalex.org/W2091842566","https://openalex.org/W2093738955","https://openalex.org/W2103526000","https://openalex.org/W2121391367","https://openalex.org/W2122863031","https://openalex.org/W2123186332","https://openalex.org/W2128070298","https://openalex.org/W2137760028","https://openalex.org/W2140041207","https://openalex.org/W2142480556","https://openalex.org/W2149027333","https://openalex.org/W2149309693","https://openalex.org/W2151884887","https://openalex.org/W2152491170","https://openalex.org/W2155378692","https://openalex.org/W2168842329","https://openalex.org/W2169114109","https://openalex.org/W2221692138","https://openalex.org/W2225612580","https://openalex.org/W2262390197","https://openalex.org/W2296455599","https://openalex.org/W2326112701","https://openalex.org/W2398493637","https://openalex.org/W2508778727","https://openalex.org/W2537780857","https://openalex.org/W2593608986","https://openalex.org/W2613946473","https://openalex.org/W2762398287","https://openalex.org/W2808034203","https://openalex.org/W2892038703","https://openalex.org/W2896297615","https://openalex.org/W2942492598","https://openalex.org/W3010596258","https://openalex.org/W3012757007","https://openalex.org/W4235278727","https://openalex.org/W4241850560","https://openalex.org/W6601976164"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2748952813","https://openalex.org/W4391375266","https://openalex.org/W2416809655","https://openalex.org/W2011075082","https://openalex.org/W4205477866","https://openalex.org/W2038626839","https://openalex.org/W2369832197","https://openalex.org/W1703942985","https://openalex.org/W2063579271","https://openalex.org/W4206269462"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0],"notion":[1],"of":[2,15,35,41,80,85],"\"independence''":[3],"is":[4],"frequently":[5],"used":[6],"to":[7,52,62,106],"motivate":[8],"technology":[9,19,96],"design":[10,107],"in":[11,38,98],"the":[12,25,29,39,50,91],"HCI":[13],"sub-field":[14],"accessible":[16],"and":[17,82,95],"assistive":[18,42],"for":[20,108],"people":[21,53,94],"with":[22,54,87],"disabilities.":[23],"Despite":[24],"term's":[26],"pervasive":[27],"use,":[28],"literature":[30],"lacks":[31],"a":[32],"recent":[33],"articulation":[34],"its":[36],"meaning":[37],"context":[40],"technology.":[43],"What":[44],"does":[45],"independence":[46,81],"really":[47],"mean?":[48],"Scoping":[49],"study":[51],"visual":[55],"impairments":[56],"(PVI),":[57],"we":[58],"posed":[59],"this":[60],"question":[61],"10":[63],"individuals":[64],"from":[65],"diverse":[66],"backgrounds":[67],"through":[68],"in-depth,":[69],"semi-structured":[70],"interviews.":[71],"Our":[72],"findings":[73],"reveal":[74],"that":[75,93],"PVI":[76],"have":[77],"internal":[78],"experiences":[79,84],"social":[83],"independence,":[86],"surprising":[88],"insights":[89],"into":[90],"roles":[92],"play":[97],"supporting":[99],"independence.":[100,109],"We":[101],"also":[102],"discuss":[103],"new":[104],"ways":[105]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-05-21T06:26:12.895304","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}