{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3047455070","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3449164","title":"Analyzing Twitter Users' Behavior Before and After Contact by the Russia's Internet Research Agency","display_name":"Analyzing Twitter Users' Behavior Before and After Contact by the Russia's Internet Research Agency","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-04-13","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3047455070","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3449164","mag":"3047455070"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3449164","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3449164","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3449164","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210183893","display_name":"Proceedings of the ACM on Human-Computer Interaction","issn_l":"2573-0142","issn":["2573-0142"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319798","host_organization_name":"Association for Computing Machinery","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319798"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computing Machinery"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the ACM on Human-Computer Interaction","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["arxiv","crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"bronze","oa_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3449164","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5065218859","display_name":"Upasana Dutta","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I188538660","display_name":"University of Colorado Boulder","ror":"https://ror.org/02ttsq026","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I188538660"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Upasana Dutta","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I188538660"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5067542675","display_name":"Rhett Hanscom","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I188538660","display_name":"University of Colorado Boulder","ror":"https://ror.org/02ttsq026","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I188538660"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Rhett Hanscom","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I188538660"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5051308191","display_name":"Jason Shuo Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0687-4986"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I188538660","display_name":"University of Colorado Boulder","ror":"https://ror.org/02ttsq026","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I188538660"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jason Shuo Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I188538660"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5085205626","display_name":"Richard Han","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2161-8622"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I188538660","display_name":"University of Colorado Boulder","ror":"https://ror.org/02ttsq026","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I188538660"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Richard Han","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I188538660"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5020218455","display_name":"Tamara Silbergleit Lehman","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9779-1838"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I188538660","display_name":"University of Colorado Boulder","ror":"https://ror.org/02ttsq026","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I188538660"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tamara Lehman","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I188538660"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5089831843","display_name":"Qin Lv","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9437-1376"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I188538660","display_name":"University of Colorado Boulder","ror":"https://ror.org/02ttsq026","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I188538660"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Qin Lv","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I188538660"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5112395873","display_name":"Shivakant Mishra","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I188538660","display_name":"University of Colorado Boulder","ror":"https://ror.org/02ttsq026","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I188538660"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shivakant Mishra","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I188538660"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I188538660"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":7.5743,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":24,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.96947151,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"5","issue":"CSCW1","first_page":"1","last_page":"24"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11147","display_name":"Misinformation and Its Impacts","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11147","display_name":"Misinformation and Its Impacts","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12592","display_name":"Opinion Dynamics and Social Influence","score":0.9987000226974487,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3109","display_name":"Statistical and Nonlinear Physics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10557","display_name":"Social Media and Politics","score":0.9986000061035156,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3315","display_name":"Communication"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/misinformation","display_name":"Misinformation","score":0.8780075311660767},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/social-media","display_name":"Social media","score":0.6646618843078613},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/the-internet","display_name":"The Internet","score":0.6526297926902771},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/agency","display_name":"Agency (philosophy)","score":0.6476108431816101},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/presidential-election","display_name":"Presidential election","score":0.610100269317627},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/advertising","display_name":"Advertising","score":0.43016767501831055},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/internet-users","display_name":"Internet users","score":0.4268147349357605},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/internet-privacy","display_name":"Internet privacy","score":0.4192246198654175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/key","display_name":"Key (lock)","score":0.41265520453453064},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/political-science","display_name":"Political science","score":0.4007120430469513},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psychology","display_name":"Psychology","score":0.39252328872680664},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/world-wide-web","display_name":"World Wide Web","score":0.31064844131469727},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.28249767422676086},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sociology","display_name":"Sociology","score":0.18873348832130432},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/business","display_name":"Business","score":0.1673101782798767},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/social-science","display_name":"Social science","score":0.10193648934364319},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/politics","display_name":"Politics","score":0.08978232741355896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.07626599073410034}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776990098","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q13579947","display_name":"Misinformation","level":2,"score":0.8780075311660767},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C518677369","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q202833","display_name":"Social media","level":2,"score":0.6646618843078613},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C110875604","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q75","display_name":"The Internet","level":2,"score":0.6526297926902771},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108170787","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3951828","display_name":"Agency (philosophy)","level":2,"score":0.6476108431816101},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776129789","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q858439","display_name":"Presidential election","level":3,"score":0.610100269317627},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C112698675","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37038","display_name":"Advertising","level":1,"score":0.43016767501831055},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3019036681","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q75","display_name":"Internet users","level":3,"score":0.4268147349357605},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108827166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175975","display_name":"Internet privacy","level":1,"score":0.4192246198654175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26517878","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228039","display_name":"Key (lock)","level":2,"score":0.41265520453453064},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.4007120430469513},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.39252328872680664},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136764020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466","display_name":"World Wide Web","level":1,"score":0.31064844131469727},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.28249767422676086},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.18873348832130432},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.1673101782798767},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36289849","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q34749","display_name":"Social science","level":1,"score":0.10193648934364319},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94625758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7163","display_name":"Politics","level":2,"score":0.08978232741355896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.07626599073410034},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/3449164","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3449164","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3449164","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210183893","display_name":"Proceedings of the ACM on Human-Computer Interaction","issn_l":"2573-0142","issn":["2573-0142"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319798","host_organization_name":"Association for Computing Machinery","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319798"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computing Machinery"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the ACM on Human-Computer Interaction","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:2008.01273","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/2008.01273","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2008.01273","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3449164","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3449164","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3449164","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210183893","display_name":"Proceedings of the ACM on Human-Computer Interaction","issn_l":"2573-0142","issn":["2573-0142"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319798","host_organization_name":"Association for Computing Machinery","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319798"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computing Machinery"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the ACM on Human-Computer Interaction","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions","score":0.5}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5130897815","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"CNS 1528138","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6101149951","display_name":"CSR: Small: Efficient and Scalable Systems Support for Mobile Group Formation, Inference, Recommendation and Classification","funder_award_id":"1528138","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","display_name":"National Science Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/021nxhr62"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3047455070.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3047455070.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":43,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1837843568","https://openalex.org/W1990701202","https://openalex.org/W2099813784","https://openalex.org/W2164631912","https://openalex.org/W2166481425","https://openalex.org/W2550819555","https://openalex.org/W2573614998","https://openalex.org/W2724523750","https://openalex.org/W2739215991","https://openalex.org/W2772358333","https://openalex.org/W2885501433","https://openalex.org/W2899351518","https://openalex.org/W2903903405","https://openalex.org/W2904943091","https://openalex.org/W2907352650","https://openalex.org/W2935761091","https://openalex.org/W2937225911","https://openalex.org/W2948034136","https://openalex.org/W2954413214","https://openalex.org/W2965774715","https://openalex.org/W2968516330","https://openalex.org/W2970119159","https://openalex.org/W2971881481","https://openalex.org/W2984110663","https://openalex.org/W2988120509","https://openalex.org/W2991581987","https://openalex.org/W2999990972","https://openalex.org/W3099578876","https://openalex.org/W3101283776","https://openalex.org/W3102867977","https://openalex.org/W3106311261","https://openalex.org/W3109728527","https://openalex.org/W3122667271","https://openalex.org/W3122934970","https://openalex.org/W3125182500","https://openalex.org/W3125571733","https://openalex.org/W4231493085","https://openalex.org/W4239953570","https://openalex.org/W4241491750","https://openalex.org/W4242048916","https://openalex.org/W4255375128","https://openalex.org/W4286663291","https://openalex.org/W4289253852"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2971226749","https://openalex.org/W1979174323","https://openalex.org/W2007730130","https://openalex.org/W2947876715","https://openalex.org/W2270187681","https://openalex.org/W2000618435","https://openalex.org/W4285465044","https://openalex.org/W2366611053","https://openalex.org/W1731610764","https://openalex.org/W2583331757"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Social":[0],"media":[1],"platforms":[2],"have":[3],"been":[4,22],"exploited":[5],"to":[6,34,46,75],"conduct":[7],"election":[8],"interference":[9],"in":[10,55,81,112,132],"recent":[11],"years.":[12],"In":[13],"particular,":[14],"the":[15,35,56,67,86,92,126],"Russian-backed":[16],"Internet":[17],"Research":[18],"Agency":[19],"(IRA)":[20],"has":[21],"identified":[23],"as":[24],"a":[25],"key":[26],"source":[27],"of":[28,42,72,88,96,116],"misinformation":[29],"spread":[30],"on":[31],"Twitter":[32,50],"prior":[33],"2016":[36],"U.S.":[37],"presidential":[38],"election.":[39],"The":[40],"goal":[41],"this":[43],"research":[44],"is":[45],"understand":[47],"whether":[48,77],"general":[49],"users":[51,74,106,122],"changed":[52],"their":[53,82,89],"behavior":[54,71,113],"year":[57],"following":[58],"first":[59],"contact":[60],"from":[61],"an":[62],"IRA":[63,127],"account.":[64],"We":[65],"compare":[66],"before":[68],"and":[69,91,94,119],"after":[70],"contacted":[73],"determine":[76],"there":[78],"were":[79],"differences":[80],"mean":[83],"tweet":[84],"count,":[85],"sentiment":[87,95],"tweets,":[90],"frequency":[93],"tweets":[97],"mentioning":[98],"@realDonaldTrump":[99],"or":[100],"@HillaryClinton.":[101],"Our":[102],"results":[103],"indicate":[104],"that":[105,120,123],"overall":[107],"exhibited":[108],"statistically":[109],"significant":[110],"changes":[111,131],"across":[114],"most":[115],"these":[117],"metrics,":[118],"those":[121],"engaged":[124],"with":[125],"generally":[128],"showed":[129],"greater":[130],"behavior.":[133]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-05-21T06:26:12.895304","created_date":"2020-08-10T00:00:00"}