{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3178897894","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3448696.3448722","title":"An Experimental Approach to Tracking User Eye Movement in Interactive Apps: Implications for Design","display_name":"An Experimental Approach to Tracking User Eye Movement in Interactive Apps: Implications for Design","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-03-08","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3178897894","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3448696.3448722","mag":"3178897894"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3448696.3448722","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3448696.3448722","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 3rd African Human-Computer Interaction Conference: Inclusiveness and Empowerment","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5014929207","display_name":"Uchenna Chinyere Onyemauche","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I180664298","display_name":"Federal University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01pvx8v81","country_code":"NG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I180664298"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I169864488","display_name":"Abubakar Tafawa Balewa University","ror":"https://ror.org/019vfke14","country_code":"NG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I169864488"]}],"countries":["NG"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Uchenna Chinyere Onyemauche","raw_affiliation_strings":["Federal University of Technology, Nigeria"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Federal University of Technology, Nigeria","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I169864488","https://openalex.org/I180664298"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5004413011","display_name":"Makuochi Nkwo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9774-9602"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210097403","display_name":"Federal College of Education, Kano","ror":"https://ror.org/00wqp8t15","country_code":"NG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097403"]}],"countries":["NG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Makuochi Nkwo","raw_affiliation_strings":["Federal College of Education Technical, Nigeria"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Federal College of Education Technical, Nigeria","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210097403"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5048444576","display_name":"Charity Mbanusi","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210097403","display_name":"Federal College of Education, Kano","ror":"https://ror.org/00wqp8t15","country_code":"NG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097403"]}],"countries":["NG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Charity Mbanusi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Federal College of Education Technical, Nigeria"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Federal College of Education Technical, Nigeria","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210097403"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5052463109","display_name":"Blessing Osundu","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I166934088","display_name":"Imo State University","ror":"https://ror.org/0257ekp23","country_code":"NG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I166934088"]}],"countries":["NG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Blessing Osundu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Imo State College of Health and Management, Nigeria"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Imo State College of Health and Management, Nigeria","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I166934088"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5014929207"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I169864488","https://openalex.org/I180664298"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.06869359,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"9","issue":null,"first_page":"119","last_page":"124"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11707","display_name":"Gaze Tracking and Assistive Technology","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1709","display_name":"Human-Computer Interaction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11707","display_name":"Gaze Tracking and Assistive Technology","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1709","display_name":"Human-Computer Interaction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10470","display_name":"Usability and User Interface Design","score":0.9574999809265137,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1709","display_name":"Human-Computer Interaction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12031","display_name":"Speech and dialogue systems","score":0.9340000152587891,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gesture","display_name":"Gesture","score":0.8702284097671509},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7815582752227783},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gaze","display_name":"Gaze","score":0.6891916394233704},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/human\u2013computer-interaction","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","score":0.6209715604782104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dialog-box","display_name":"Dialog box","score":0.6147972345352173},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/conversation","display_name":"Conversation","score":0.5751115083694458},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gesture-recognition","display_name":"Gesture recognition","score":0.5747017860412598},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/eye-tracking","display_name":"Eye tracking","score":0.5625430941581726},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/usability","display_name":"Usability","score":0.5538771748542786},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wearable-computer","display_name":"Wearable computer","score":0.5109192728996277},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/movement","display_name":"Movement (music)","score":0.4600839614868164},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.4486892819404602},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.42141252756118774},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/communication","display_name":"Communication","score":0.11868569254875183},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/world-wide-web","display_name":"World Wide Web","score":0.08608275651931763}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C207347870","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q371174","display_name":"Gesture","level":2,"score":0.8702284097671509},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7815582752227783},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779916870","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14467155","display_name":"Gaze","level":2,"score":0.6891916394233704},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107457646","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207434","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","level":1,"score":0.6209715604782104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C173853756","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q86915","display_name":"Dialog box","level":2,"score":0.6147972345352173},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777200299","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q52943","display_name":"Conversation","level":2,"score":0.5751115083694458},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159437735","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1519524","display_name":"Gesture recognition","level":3,"score":0.5747017860412598},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C56461940","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q970687","display_name":"Eye tracking","level":2,"score":0.5625430941581726},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C170130773","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q216378","display_name":"Usability","level":2,"score":0.5538771748542786},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C150594956","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1334829","display_name":"Wearable computer","level":2,"score":0.5109192728996277},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780226923","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q929848","display_name":"Movement (music)","level":2,"score":0.4600839614868164},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.4486892819404602},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.42141252756118774},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C46312422","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11024","display_name":"Communication","level":1,"score":0.11868569254875183},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136764020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466","display_name":"World Wide Web","level":1,"score":0.08608275651931763},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107038049","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q35986","display_name":"Aesthetics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149635348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193040","display_name":"Embedded system","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/3448696.3448722","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3448696.3448722","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 3rd African Human-Computer Interaction Conference: Inclusiveness and Empowerment","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4","display_name":"Quality Education","score":0.8600000143051147}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":11,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W13815314","https://openalex.org/W14097345","https://openalex.org/W41433826","https://openalex.org/W2057481637","https://openalex.org/W2082758856","https://openalex.org/W2110228188","https://openalex.org/W2160951686","https://openalex.org/W4229800322","https://openalex.org/W4241551677","https://openalex.org/W4246189536","https://openalex.org/W4247495437"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2902873204","https://openalex.org/W2185750513","https://openalex.org/W2010878661","https://openalex.org/W3147379364","https://openalex.org/W2026258298","https://openalex.org/W3204639664","https://openalex.org/W2970836791","https://openalex.org/W2805039731","https://openalex.org/W2989699735","https://openalex.org/W2161294397"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"A":[0],"gesture":[1,30,149],"consists":[2,117],"of":[3,6,52,85,90,101,118,137,169],"a":[4,15,21,60,72,83,130,138,164],"sequence":[5],"continuous":[7],"elements,":[8],"typically":[9],"strokes,":[10],"which":[11,75,104],"are":[12,98],"performed":[13],"in":[14,99],"sequential":[16],"time":[17],"order.":[18],"To":[19],"detect":[20],"gesture,":[22],"it":[23,34],"is":[24,46,76],"necessary":[25],"to":[26,49,121,128,145,154],"know":[27],"when":[28,33],"the":[29,50,88,147,151,156,197],"starts":[31],"and":[32,96,171],"ends.":[35],"The":[36,110,125,140,161,181],"problem":[37],"encountered":[38],"separating":[39],"gaze":[40,123,134,148,172],"gestures":[41],"from":[42,78],"natural":[43,79],"eye":[44,80],"movements":[45],"very":[47],"similar":[48],"challenge":[51],"recognizing":[53],"spoken":[54],"commands":[55],"for":[56,158,167,178,196],"computer":[57],"input":[58],"where":[59],"normal":[61],"conversation":[62],"should":[63],"not":[64,106],"trigger":[65],"commands.":[66],"This":[67],"paper":[68,162],"focuses":[69],"on":[70,189],"finding":[71],"reasonable":[73],"alphabet":[74],"separable":[77],"movement.":[81],"With":[82],"vision":[84],"ubiquitous":[86],"computing,":[87],"amount":[89],"interaction":[91,102,170],"with":[92,193],"computers":[93],"will":[94,185],"increase":[95],"we":[97],"need":[100],"techniques":[103],"do":[105],"cause":[107],"physical":[108],"problems.":[109],"user":[111,190],"study":[112,191],"that":[113],"was":[114,127,153],"undertaken":[115],"here":[116,184],"three":[119],"tasks":[120],"achieve":[122],"gesture.":[124],"first":[126],"close":[129],"dialog":[131],"box":[132],"using":[133],"command":[135],"instead":[136],"mouse.":[139],"second":[141],"used":[142],"help":[143],"lines":[144],"guide":[146],"while":[150],"third":[152],"surf":[155],"Internet":[157],"3":[159],"minutes.":[160],"presents":[163],"usability":[165],"tool":[166],"recording":[168],"activity.":[173],"It":[174],"also":[175],"describes":[176],"algorithms":[177],"reading":[179],"detection.":[180],"approach":[182],"presented":[183],"release":[186],"results":[187],"based":[188],"conducted":[192],"prototypes":[194],"developed":[195],"purpose.":[198]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}