{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3173923030","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3448300.3467830","title":"LightningStrike","display_name":"LightningStrike","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-06-24","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3173923030","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3448300.3467830","mag":"3173923030"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3448300.3467830","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3448300.3467830","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 14th ACM Conference on Security and Privacy in Wireless and Mobile Networks","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5006520161","display_name":"Luis Puche Rondon","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6287-0787"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19700959","display_name":"Florida International University","ror":"https://ror.org/02gz6gg07","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19700959"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Luis Puche Rondon","raw_affiliation_strings":["Florida International University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Florida International University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I19700959"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5085312553","display_name":"Leonardo Babun","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7082-8423"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19700959","display_name":"Florida International University","ror":"https://ror.org/02gz6gg07","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19700959"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Leonardo Babun","raw_affiliation_strings":["Florida International University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Florida International University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I19700959"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5078506948","display_name":"Ahmet Ar\u0131\u015f","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4114-5321"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19700959","display_name":"Florida International University","ror":"https://ror.org/02gz6gg07","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19700959"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ahmet Aris","raw_affiliation_strings":["Florida International University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Florida International University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I19700959"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103197823","display_name":"Kemal Akkaya","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7459-4612"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19700959","display_name":"Florida International University","ror":"https://ror.org/02gz6gg07","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19700959"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kemal Akkaya","raw_affiliation_strings":["Florida International University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Florida International University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I19700959"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5019145852","display_name":"A. Selcuk Uluagac","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9823-3464"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19700959","display_name":"Florida International University","ror":"https://ror.org/02gz6gg07","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19700959"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"A. Selcuk Uluagac","raw_affiliation_strings":["Florida International University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Florida International University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I19700959"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I19700959"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":5,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"106","last_page":"116"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11241","display_name":"Advanced Malware Detection Techniques","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11241","display_name":"Advanced Malware Detection Techniques","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11800","display_name":"User Authentication and Security Systems","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10951","display_name":"Cryptographic Implementations and Security","score":0.9972000122070312,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7325178384780884},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.6666485071182251},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/internet-of-things","display_name":"Internet of Things","score":0.5090305805206299},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/focus","display_name":"Focus (optics)","score":0.43067246675491333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software-deployment","display_name":"Software deployment","score":0.4159832000732422},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.3632122576236725}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7325178384780884},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.6666485071182251},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81860439","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q251212","display_name":"Internet of Things","level":2,"score":0.5090305805206299},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192209626","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190909","display_name":"Focus (optics)","level":2,"score":0.43067246675491333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105339364","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2297740","display_name":"Software deployment","level":2,"score":0.4159832000732422},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.3632122576236725},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/3448300.3467830","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3448300.3467830","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 14th ACM Conference on Security and Privacy in Wireless and Mobile Networks","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8951018249","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"NSF-CAREER-CNS-1453647, NSF-1663051","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","display_name":"National Science Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/021nxhr62"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":17,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2320204756","https://openalex.org/W2756723748","https://openalex.org/W2893861039","https://openalex.org/W2896026565","https://openalex.org/W2913402274","https://openalex.org/W2929305171","https://openalex.org/W2963510861","https://openalex.org/W2989824687","https://openalex.org/W2990579492","https://openalex.org/W3013656166","https://openalex.org/W3107397983","https://openalex.org/W3129313196","https://openalex.org/W3211097470","https://openalex.org/W4241581799","https://openalex.org/W4246319420","https://openalex.org/W4254211903","https://openalex.org/W4298156747"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W96612179","https://openalex.org/W2770234245","https://openalex.org/W2987774938","https://openalex.org/W2566006169","https://openalex.org/W4256492088","https://openalex.org/W632915154","https://openalex.org/W4229499248","https://openalex.org/W4378874356","https://openalex.org/W2055733372","https://openalex.org/W2369811061"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0],"widespread":[1,68,94],"adoption":[2],"of":[3,12,17,22,47,98,155,195,264,279],"specialty":[4],"smart":[5,18,73,77,83,281,284],"ecosystems":[6],"has":[7,102,125],"changed":[8],"the":[9,96,107,156,193,275],"everyday":[10],"lives":[11],"users.":[13],"As":[14,63,247],"a":[15,44,261],"part":[16],"ecosystems,":[19],"Enterprise":[20],"Internet":[21],"Things":[23],"(E-IoT)":[24],"allows":[25],"users":[26,42,129],"to":[27,36,130,171,222,240,273],"integrate":[28],"and":[29,57,86,144,178,180,244,255,266,277,283],"control":[30,46,250],"more":[31],"complex":[32],"installations":[33],"in":[34,70,106,203],"comparison":[35],"off-the-shelf":[37],"IoT":[38],"systems.":[39],"With":[40,211],"E-IoT,":[41],"have":[43],"complete":[45],"audio,":[48],"video,":[49],"scheduled":[50],"events,":[51],"lightning":[52],"fixtures,":[53],"shades,":[54],"door":[55],"access,":[56,252],"relays":[58],"via":[59],"available":[60],"user":[61,185],"interfaces.":[62],"such,":[64],"these":[65,134],"systems":[66,101,112,135,148,225,249],"see":[67],"use":[69],"government":[71],"or":[72],"private":[74],"offices,":[75],"schools,":[76],"buildings,":[78],"professional":[79,88],"conference":[80],"rooms,":[81],"hotels,":[82],"homes,":[84],"yachts,":[85],"similar":[87],"settings.":[89],"However,":[90],"even":[91],"with":[92,260],"their":[93],"use,":[95],"security":[97,121,276],"many":[99,110,128],"E-IoT":[100,111,147,158,160,168,174,204,224,227,234,248,271],"not":[103],"been":[104],"researched":[105],"literature.":[108],"Further,":[109],"utilize":[113],"proprietary":[114,169,205,235],"communication":[115,161,206,209,228,236],"protocols":[116,170,207,237],"that":[117,133,199,215,232],"rely":[118],"mostly":[119],"on":[120,153],"through":[122,208],"obscurity,":[123],"which":[124],"perhaps":[126],"led":[127],"mistakenly":[131],"assume":[132],"are":[136,149,165,238],"secure.":[137],"To":[138],"address":[139],"this":[140,188],"open":[141],"research":[142],"problem":[143],"determine":[145],"if":[146],"vulnerable,":[150],"we":[151,190,213],"focus":[152],"one":[154],"core":[157],"components,":[159,254],"buses.":[162,210,229],"Communication":[163],"buses":[164],"used":[166],"by":[167],"connect":[172],"multiple":[173],"devices":[175],"(e.g.,":[176],"keypads":[177],"touchscreens)":[179],"trigger":[181],"pre-configured":[182],"events":[183],"upon":[184],"actions.":[186],"In":[187],"study,":[189],"introduce":[191],"LightningStrike,":[192,212],"implementation":[194],"four":[196],"proof-of-concept":[197],"attacks":[198],"demonstrate":[200,231],"several":[201],"weaknesses":[202],"show":[214],"it":[216],"is":[217],"feasible":[218],"for":[219],"an":[220,258],"attacker":[221,259],"compromise":[223],"using":[226],"We":[230],"popular":[233],"susceptible":[239],"Denial-of-Service,":[241],"eavesdropping,":[242],"impersonation,":[243],"replay":[245],"attacks.":[246],"physical":[251],"safety":[253,278],"emergency":[256],"equipment,":[257],"low":[262],"level":[263],"knowledge":[265],"effort":[267],"can":[268],"easily":[269],"exploit":[270],"vulnerabilities":[272],"impact":[274],"users,":[280],"systems,":[282],"buildings":[285],"worldwide.":[286]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-07-14T23:27:15.235271","created_date":"2021-07-05T00:00:00"}