{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3139752690","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3448124","title":"Listen2Cough","display_name":"Listen2Cough","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-03-19","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3139752690","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3448124","mag":"3139752690"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3448124","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3448124","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3448124","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210219751","display_name":"Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive Mobile Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies","issn_l":"2474-9567","issn":["2474-9567"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319798","host_organization_name":"Association for Computing Machinery","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319798"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computing Machinery"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"bronze","oa_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3448124","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5066796307","display_name":"Xuhai Xu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5930-3899"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I201448701","display_name":"University of Washington","ror":"https://ror.org/00cvxb145","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I201448701"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Xuhai Xu","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Washington, Parkway, Seattle, WA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Washington, Parkway, Seattle, WA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I201448701"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5045088073","display_name":"Ebrahim Nemati","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6406-1086"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210101778","display_name":"Samsung (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/01bfbvm65","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2250650973","https://openalex.org/I4210101778"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ebrahim Nemati","raw_affiliation_strings":["Digital Health Lab, Samsung Research America, Mountain View, CA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Digital Health Lab, Samsung Research America, Mountain View, CA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210101778"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5051782097","display_name":"Korosh Vatanparvar","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9089-0021"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210101778","display_name":"Samsung (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/01bfbvm65","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2250650973","https://openalex.org/I4210101778"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Korosh Vatanparvar","raw_affiliation_strings":["Digital Health Lab, Samsung Research America, Mountain View, CA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Digital Health Lab, Samsung Research America, Mountain View, CA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210101778"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5043961038","display_name":"Viswam Nathan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8694-8721"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210101778","display_name":"Samsung (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/01bfbvm65","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2250650973","https://openalex.org/I4210101778"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Viswam Nathan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Digital Health Lab, Samsung Research America, Mountain View, CA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Digital Health Lab, Samsung Research America, Mountain View, CA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210101778"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5082927308","display_name":"Tousif Ahmed","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1085-6294"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210101778","display_name":"Samsung (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/01bfbvm65","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2250650973","https://openalex.org/I4210101778"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tousif Ahmed","raw_affiliation_strings":["Digital Health Lab, Samsung Research America, Mountain View, CA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Digital Health Lab, Samsung Research America, Mountain View, CA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210101778"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102879522","display_name":"Mahbubur Rahman","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7921-9288"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210101778","display_name":"Samsung (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/01bfbvm65","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2250650973","https://openalex.org/I4210101778"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Md Mahbubur Rahman","raw_affiliation_strings":["Digital Health Lab, Samsung Research America, Mountain View, CA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Digital Health Lab, Samsung Research America, Mountain View, CA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210101778"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5113692312","display_name":"Daniel McCaffrey","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210101778","display_name":"Samsung (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/01bfbvm65","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2250650973","https://openalex.org/I4210101778"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Daniel McCaffrey","raw_affiliation_strings":["Digital Health Lab, Samsung Research America, Mountain View, CA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Digital Health Lab, Samsung Research America, Mountain View, CA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210101778"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5002167339","display_name":"Jilong Kuang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2942-9102"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210101778","display_name":"Samsung (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/01bfbvm65","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2250650973","https://openalex.org/I4210101778"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jilong Kuang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Digital Health Lab, Samsung Research America, Mountain View, CA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Digital Health Lab, Samsung Research America, Mountain View, CA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210101778"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101868862","display_name":"Jun Gao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3114-8457"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210101778","display_name":"Samsung (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/01bfbvm65","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2250650973","https://openalex.org/I4210101778"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jun Alex Gao","raw_affiliation_strings":["Digital Health Lab, Samsung Research America, Mountain View, CA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Digital Health Lab, Samsung Research America, Mountain View, CA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210101778"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":9,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5066796307"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I201448701"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":4.3701,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":39,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.95330138,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"5","issue":"1","first_page":"1","last_page":"22"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12418","display_name":"Respiratory and Cough-Related Research","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2740","display_name":"Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12418","display_name":"Respiratory and Cough-Related Research","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2740","display_name":"Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10863","display_name":"Voice and Speech Disorders","score":0.9957000017166138,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2737","display_name":"Physiology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11309","display_name":"Music and Audio Processing","score":0.9926000237464905,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/generalizability-theory","display_name":"Generalizability theory","score":0.9120550751686096},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7177668809890747},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/task","display_name":"Task (project management)","score":0.5546129941940308},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/deep-learning","display_name":"Deep learning","score":0.48742082715034485},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ground-truth","display_name":"Ground truth","score":0.4850537180900574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transfer-of-learning","display_name":"Transfer of learning","score":0.47346892952919006},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.46955636143684387},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/representation","display_name":"Representation (politics)","score":0.4289948046207428},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.40489664673805237},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/speech-recognition","display_name":"Speech recognition","score":0.3634330630302429},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psychology","display_name":"Psychology","score":0.08452588319778442}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C27158222","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5532422","display_name":"Generalizability theory","level":2,"score":0.9120550751686096},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7177668809890747},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780451532","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q759676","display_name":"Task (project management)","level":2,"score":0.5546129941940308},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108583219","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q197536","display_name":"Deep learning","level":2,"score":0.48742082715034485},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C146849305","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q370766","display_name":"Ground truth","level":2,"score":0.4850537180900574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C150899416","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1820378","display_name":"Transfer of learning","level":2,"score":0.47346892952919006},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.46955636143684387},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776359362","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2145286","display_name":"Representation (politics)","level":3,"score":0.4289948046207428},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.40489664673805237},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28490314","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189436","display_name":"Speech recognition","level":1,"score":0.3634330630302429},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.08452588319778442},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94625758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7163","display_name":"Politics","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138496976","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175002","display_name":"Developmental psychology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187736073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2920921","display_name":"Management","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/3448124","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3448124","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3448124","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210219751","display_name":"Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive Mobile Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies","issn_l":"2474-9567","issn":["2474-9567"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319798","host_organization_name":"Association for Computing Machinery","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319798"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computing Machinery"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3448124","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3448124","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3448124","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210219751","display_name":"Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive Mobile Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies","issn_l":"2474-9567","issn":["2474-9567"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319798","host_organization_name":"Association for Computing Machinery","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319798"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computing Machinery"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9","display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure","score":0.5}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3139752690.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3139752690.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":56,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W829541538","https://openalex.org/W1980120228","https://openalex.org/W1981891101","https://openalex.org/W2010692299","https://openalex.org/W2011186185","https://openalex.org/W2024134733","https://openalex.org/W2032273302","https://openalex.org/W2052666245","https://openalex.org/W2062725054","https://openalex.org/W2072310495","https://openalex.org/W2077400874","https://openalex.org/W2080761361","https://openalex.org/W2086199304","https://openalex.org/W2108598243","https://openalex.org/W2110870650","https://openalex.org/W2119036316","https://openalex.org/W2124859243","https://openalex.org/W2126423656","https://openalex.org/W2133324800","https://openalex.org/W2136682440","https://openalex.org/W2144179996","https://openalex.org/W2161787247","https://openalex.org/W2194775991","https://openalex.org/W2408085426","https://openalex.org/W2512160354","https://openalex.org/W2518911984","https://openalex.org/W2528939255","https://openalex.org/W2529337537","https://openalex.org/W2533304691","https://openalex.org/W2560886373","https://openalex.org/W2591904990","https://openalex.org/W2593116425","https://openalex.org/W2602982928","https://openalex.org/W2618530766","https://openalex.org/W2748885206","https://openalex.org/W2782098899","https://openalex.org/W2791889480","https://openalex.org/W2804935296","https://openalex.org/W2894955409","https://openalex.org/W2897647475","https://openalex.org/W2963163009","https://openalex.org/W2963353005","https://openalex.org/W2964692166","https://openalex.org/W2982083293","https://openalex.org/W2983670481","https://openalex.org/W2987119394","https://openalex.org/W2990016708","https://openalex.org/W3011285251","https://openalex.org/W3015360161","https://openalex.org/W3029885810","https://openalex.org/W3040059719","https://openalex.org/W3040507469","https://openalex.org/W3091468319","https://openalex.org/W3105521488","https://openalex.org/W3142239405","https://openalex.org/W4232282348"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4206357785","https://openalex.org/W3192840557","https://openalex.org/W4281381188","https://openalex.org/W2951211570","https://openalex.org/W4375928479","https://openalex.org/W3167935049","https://openalex.org/W3023427754","https://openalex.org/W3131673289","https://openalex.org/W3198847674","https://openalex.org/W3096913503"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0],"prevalence":[1],"of":[2,35,136,143,158,178,195,268],"ubiquitous":[3],"computing":[4],"enables":[5],"new":[6,164],"opportunities":[7],"for":[8,257,320],"lung":[9,70,83,197,209,258,313],"health":[10,84,198,210,259],"monitoring":[11],"and":[12,51,82,132,167,180,229,252,279,292],"assessment.":[13],"In":[14,97],"the":[15,33,75,94,141,185,193,204,215,239,249,255,287,296,300,324],"past":[16],"few":[17],"years,":[18],"there":[19],"have":[20,59,90],"been":[21,91],"extensive":[22],"studies":[23,89],"on":[24,169,182,270,275,281],"cough":[25,37,63,80,117,205,217,235,240],"detection":[26,38,206,241],"using":[27,115],"passively":[28],"sensed":[29],"audio":[30,125],"signals.":[31],"However,":[32,72],"generalizability":[34,142],"a":[36,129,134,163,244],"model":[39,150,242,256,264],"when":[40,160],"applied":[41],"to":[42,74,103,120,139,153,175,191,202,208,306],"external":[43],"datasets,":[44],"especially":[45],"in":[46,68,77,299,323],"real-world":[47],"implementation,":[48],"is":[49,151,224],"questionable":[50],"not":[52],"explored":[53],"adequately.":[54],"Beyond":[55],"detecting":[56],"coughs,":[57],"researchers":[58],"looked":[60],"into":[61,243],"how":[62],"sounds":[64,81],"can":[65,219,303,316],"be":[66,220,304],"used":[67,305],"assessing":[69],"health.":[71],"due":[73],"challenges":[76],"collecting":[78],"both":[79],"condition":[85],"ground":[86],"truth,":[87],"previous":[88],"hindered":[92],"by":[93,289],"limited":[95,196],"datasets.":[96],"this":[98],"paper,":[99],"we":[100,200],"propose":[101,201],"Listen2Cough":[102],"address":[104],"these":[105,226],"gaps.":[106],"We":[107,127,237],"first":[108],"build":[109],"an":[110,155,176,266],"end-to-end":[111],"deep":[112],"learning":[113,246],"architecture":[114],"public":[116],"sound":[118],"datasets":[119],"detect":[121],"coughs":[122,309],"within":[123],"raw":[124],"recordings.":[126],"employ":[128],"pre-trained":[130],"MobileNet":[131],"integrate":[133],"number":[135],"augmentation":[137],"techniques":[138],"improve":[140],"our":[144,149],"model.":[145],"Without":[146],"additional":[147],"fine-tuning,":[148],"able":[152],"achieve":[154],"F1":[156],"score":[157],"0.948":[159],"tested":[161],"against":[162],"clean":[165],"dataset,":[166,173],"0.884":[168],"another":[170],"in-the-wild":[171],"noisy":[172],"leading":[174],"advantage":[177],"5.8%":[179],"8.4%":[181],"average":[183],"over":[184],"best":[186],"baseline":[187,288],"model,":[188],"respectively.":[189,294],"Then,":[190],"mitigate":[192],"issue":[194],"data,":[199],"transform":[203],"task":[207],"assessment":[211,260],"tasks":[212,227],"so":[213],"that":[214,225],"rich":[216],"data":[218],"leveraged.":[221],"Our":[222,262],"hypothesis":[223],"extract":[228],"utilize":[230],"similar":[231],"effective":[232],"representation":[233],"from":[234],"sounds.":[236],"embed":[238],"multi-instance":[245],"framework":[247],"with":[248,312],"attention":[250,301],"mechanism":[251],"further":[253],"tune":[254],"tasks.":[261],"final":[263],"achieves":[265],"F1-score":[267],"0.912":[269],"healthy":[271],"v.s.":[272,277,283],"unhealthy,":[273],"0.870":[274],"obstructive":[276],"non-obstructive,":[278],"0.813":[280],"COPD":[282],"asthma":[284],"classification,":[285],"outperforming":[286],"10.7%,":[290],"6.3%,":[291],"3.7%,":[293],"Moreover,":[295],"weight":[297],"value":[298],"layer":[302],"identify":[307],"important":[308],"highly":[310],"correlated":[311],"health,":[314],"which":[315],"potentially":[317],"provide":[318],"interpretability":[319],"expert":[321],"diagnosis":[322],"future.":[325]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2021-04-13T00:00:00"}