{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3149259391","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3448113","title":"Voice In Ear","display_name":"Voice In Ear","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-03-19","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3149259391","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3448113","mag":"3149259391"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3448113","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3448113","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210219751","display_name":"Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive Mobile Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies","issn_l":"2474-9567","issn":["2474-9567"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319798","host_organization_name":"Association for Computing Machinery","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319798"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computing Machinery"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5072170851","display_name":"Yang Gao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6811-0183"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I63190737","display_name":"University at Buffalo, State University of New York","ror":"https://ror.org/01y64my43","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I63190737"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Yang Gao","raw_affiliation_strings":["University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Buffalo, NY, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Buffalo, NY, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I63190737"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5064169296","display_name":"Yincheng Jin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1812-4234"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I63190737","display_name":"University at Buffalo, State University of New York","ror":"https://ror.org/01y64my43","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I63190737"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yincheng Jin","raw_affiliation_strings":["University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Buffalo, NY, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Buffalo, NY, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I63190737"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5021750511","display_name":"Jagmohan Chauhan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2080-3276"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I43439940","display_name":"University of Southampton","ror":"https://ror.org/01ryk1543","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I43439940"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jagmohan Chauhan","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Southampton, Department of Electronics and Computer Science, Southampton, UK"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Southampton, Department of Electronics and Computer Science, Southampton, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I43439940"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5003491759","display_name":"Seokmin Choi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4284-6728"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I63190737","display_name":"University at Buffalo, State University of New York","ror":"https://ror.org/01y64my43","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I63190737"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Seokmin Choi","raw_affiliation_strings":["University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Buffalo, NY, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Buffalo, NY, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I63190737"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100784775","display_name":"Jiyang Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0692-8972"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I63190737","display_name":"University at Buffalo, State University of New York","ror":"https://ror.org/01y64my43","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I63190737"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jiyang Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Buffalo, NY, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Buffalo, NY, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I63190737"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5044439388","display_name":"Zhanpeng Jin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3020-3736"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I63190737","display_name":"University at Buffalo, State University of New York","ror":"https://ror.org/01y64my43","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I63190737"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhanpeng Jin","raw_affiliation_strings":["University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Buffalo, NY, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Buffalo, NY, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I63190737"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5072170851"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I63190737"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":8.8215,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":41,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.97700184,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"5","issue":"1","first_page":"1","last_page":"25"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11800","display_name":"User Authentication and Security Systems","score":0.9988999962806702,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11800","display_name":"User Authentication and Security Systems","score":0.9988999962806702,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10860","display_name":"Speech and Audio Processing","score":0.9984999895095825,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11448","display_name":"Face recognition and analysis","score":0.9962999820709229,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7691025733947754},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/biometrics","display_name":"Biometrics","score":0.7306678295135498},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/replay-attack","display_name":"Replay attack","score":0.6149577498435974},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/authentication","display_name":"Authentication (law)","score":0.5906562805175781},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.5288867950439453},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/spoofing-attack","display_name":"Spoofing attack","score":0.49614056944847107},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wearable-technology","display_name":"Wearable technology","score":0.4816342890262604},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/lock","display_name":"Lock (firearm)","score":0.47142595052719116},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wearable-computer","display_name":"Wearable computer","score":0.42608463764190674},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/human\u2013computer-interaction","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","score":0.3521254360675812},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/speech-recognition","display_name":"Speech recognition","score":0.334469735622406},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/embedded-system","display_name":"Embedded system","score":0.09373626112937927},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.08998259902000427}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7691025733947754},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C184297639","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q177765","display_name":"Biometrics","level":2,"score":0.7306678295135498},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11560541","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1756025","display_name":"Replay attack","level":3,"score":0.6149577498435974},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C148417208","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4825882","display_name":"Authentication (law)","level":2,"score":0.5906562805175781},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.5288867950439453},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C167900197","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11081100","display_name":"Spoofing attack","level":2,"score":0.49614056944847107},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54290928","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4845080","display_name":"Wearable technology","level":3,"score":0.4816342890262604},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C174839445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1134386","display_name":"Lock (firearm)","level":2,"score":0.47142595052719116},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C150594956","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1334829","display_name":"Wearable computer","level":2,"score":0.42608463764190674},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107457646","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207434","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","level":1,"score":0.3521254360675812},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28490314","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189436","display_name":"Speech recognition","level":1,"score":0.334469735622406},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149635348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193040","display_name":"Embedded system","level":1,"score":0.09373626112937927},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.08998259902000427},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78519656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101333","display_name":"Mechanical engineering","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/3448113","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3448113","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210219751","display_name":"Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive Mobile Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies","issn_l":"2474-9567","issn":["2474-9567"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319798","host_organization_name":"Association for Computing Machinery","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319798"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computing Machinery"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:eprints.soton.ac.uk:491843","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://eprints.soton.ac.uk/491843/","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401019","display_name":"ePrints Soton (University of Southampton)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I43439940","host_organization_name":"University of Southampton","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I43439940"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":42,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W162442842","https://openalex.org/W1577428211","https://openalex.org/W1825459403","https://openalex.org/W2050611040","https://openalex.org/W2059995923","https://openalex.org/W2066502876","https://openalex.org/W2086077095","https://openalex.org/W2101261946","https://openalex.org/W2106822551","https://openalex.org/W2107638917","https://openalex.org/W2112646535","https://openalex.org/W2114376863","https://openalex.org/W2117544888","https://openalex.org/W2119308020","https://openalex.org/W2133765057","https://openalex.org/W2134494563","https://openalex.org/W2141489634","https://openalex.org/W2150769028","https://openalex.org/W2153367543","https://openalex.org/W2154758654","https://openalex.org/W2173520492","https://openalex.org/W2218268979","https://openalex.org/W2508301911","https://openalex.org/W2519620145","https://openalex.org/W2536166232","https://openalex.org/W2765636281","https://openalex.org/W2784320825","https://openalex.org/W2794566020","https://openalex.org/W2795038031","https://openalex.org/W2891344401","https://openalex.org/W2937579788","https://openalex.org/W2949793559","https://openalex.org/W2963073614","https://openalex.org/W2972011662","https://openalex.org/W2973158730","https://openalex.org/W2979514732","https://openalex.org/W2984998244","https://openalex.org/W3005002293","https://openalex.org/W3035016613","https://openalex.org/W3084929246","https://openalex.org/W4238064642","https://openalex.org/W4300550506"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2281508611","https://openalex.org/W3007059209","https://openalex.org/W4220832730","https://openalex.org/W1688416049","https://openalex.org/W4312120756","https://openalex.org/W4288120931","https://openalex.org/W4313224733","https://openalex.org/W2972017669","https://openalex.org/W3005888540","https://openalex.org/W2783658022"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"With":[0],"the":[1,20,30,79,85,88,107,117,144,163,168,171,175,179,182],"rapid":[2],"growth":[3],"of":[4,19,104,134,146,154,187],"wearable":[5,196],"computing":[6],"and":[7,23,43,65,69,124,174,181,195,204],"increasing":[8],"demand":[9],"for":[10,208],"mobile":[11,194],"authentication":[12,15,56,72,206],"scenarios,":[13],"voiceprint-based":[14],"has":[16,24],"become":[17],"one":[18],"prevalent":[21],"technologies":[22],"already":[25],"presented":[26],"tremendous":[27],"potentials":[28],"to":[29,36,62,87,170],"public.":[31],"However,":[32],"it":[33,158],"is":[34,119,156,200],"vulnerable":[35],"voice":[37,45],"spoofing":[38],"attacks":[39,42],"(e.g.,":[40],"replay":[41,149],"synthetic":[44],"attacks).":[46],"To":[47],"address":[48],"this":[49],"threat,":[50],"we":[51],"propose":[52],"a":[53,67,201],"new":[54],"biometric":[55,197],"approach,":[57],"named":[58],"EarPrint,":[59],"which":[60],"aims":[61],"extend":[63],"voiceprint":[64],"build":[66],"hidden":[68],"secure":[70,205],"user":[71],"scheme":[73],"on":[74,78,101,113],"earphones.":[75],"EarPrint":[76,118,127,147,155,199],"builds":[77],"speaking-induced":[80],"body":[81,97,125,164,176],"sound":[82,98,165],"transmission":[83],"from":[84,167],"throat":[86,169],"ear":[89,172],"canal,":[90],"i.e.,":[91],"different":[92,96],"users":[93],"will":[94],"have":[95],"conduction":[99,166],"patterns":[100],"both":[102],"sides":[103],"ears.":[105],"As":[106],"first":[108],"exploratory":[109],"study,":[110],"extensive":[111],"experiments":[112],"23":[114],"subjects":[115],"show":[116],"robust":[120],"against":[121,148],"ambient":[122],"noises":[123],"motions.":[126],"achieves":[128],"an":[129],"Equal":[130],"Error":[131],"Rate":[132],"(EER)":[133],"3.64%":[135],"with":[136,192],"75":[137],"seconds":[138],"enrollment":[139],"data.":[140],"We":[141],"also":[142],"evaluate":[143],"resilience":[145],"attacks.":[150],"A":[151],"major":[152],"contribution":[153],"that":[157],"leverages":[159],"two-level":[160],"uniqueness,":[161],"including":[162],"canal":[173],"asymmetry":[177],"between":[178],"left":[180],"right":[183],"ears,":[184],"taking":[185],"advantage":[186],"earphones'":[188],"paring":[189],"form-factor.":[190],"Compared":[191],"other":[193],"modalities,":[198],"low-cost,":[202],"accurate,":[203],"solution":[207],"earphone":[209],"users.":[210]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-04-13T07:58:08.660418","created_date":"2021-04-13T00:00:00"}
