{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3165595634","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3447852.3458721","title":"The Price of Meltdown and Spectre","display_name":"The Price of Meltdown and Spectre","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-04-25","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3165595634","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3447852.3458721","mag":"3165595634"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3447852.3458721","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3447852.3458721","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 14th European Workshop on Systems Security","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5042562784","display_name":"Benedict Herzog","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8725-3454"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I181369854","display_name":"Friedrich-Alexander-Universit\u00e4t Erlangen-N\u00fcrnberg","ror":"https://ror.org/00f7hpc57","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I181369854"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Benedict Herzog","raw_affiliation_strings":["Friedrich-Alexander-Universit\u00e4t, Erlangen-N\u00fcrnberg"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Friedrich-Alexander-Universit\u00e4t, Erlangen-N\u00fcrnberg","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I181369854"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5082290872","display_name":"Stefan C. Reif","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9793-9759"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I181369854","display_name":"Friedrich-Alexander-Universit\u00e4t Erlangen-N\u00fcrnberg","ror":"https://ror.org/00f7hpc57","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I181369854"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Stefan Reif","raw_affiliation_strings":["Friedrich-Alexander-Universit\u00e4t, Erlangen-N\u00fcrnberg"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Friedrich-Alexander-Universit\u00e4t, Erlangen-N\u00fcrnberg","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I181369854"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5085967753","display_name":"Julian Preis","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I181369854","display_name":"Friedrich-Alexander-Universit\u00e4t Erlangen-N\u00fcrnberg","ror":"https://ror.org/00f7hpc57","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I181369854"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Julian Preis","raw_affiliation_strings":["Friedrich-Alexander-Universit\u00e4t, Erlangen-N\u00fcrnberg"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Friedrich-Alexander-Universit\u00e4t, Erlangen-N\u00fcrnberg","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I181369854"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5078254306","display_name":"Wolfgang Schr\u00f6der\u2010Preikschat","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5216-2103"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I181369854","display_name":"Friedrich-Alexander-Universit\u00e4t Erlangen-N\u00fcrnberg","ror":"https://ror.org/00f7hpc57","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I181369854"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wolfgang Schr\u00f6der-Preikschat","raw_affiliation_strings":["Friedrich-Alexander-Universit\u00e4t, Erlangen-N\u00fcrnberg"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Friedrich-Alexander-Universit\u00e4t, Erlangen-N\u00fcrnberg","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I181369854"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5032095160","display_name":"Timo H\u00f6nig","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1818-0869"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I904495901","display_name":"Ruhr University Bochum","ror":"https://ror.org/04tsk2644","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I904495901"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Timo H\u00f6nig","raw_affiliation_strings":["Ruhr-Universit\u00e4t Bochum"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Ruhr-Universit\u00e4t Bochum","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I904495901"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.8792,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":9,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.75956448,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"8","last_page":"14"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11424","display_name":"Security and Verification in Computing","score":0.9979000091552734,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11424","display_name":"Security and Verification in Computing","score":0.9979000091552734,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10054","display_name":"Parallel Computing and Optimization Techniques","score":0.9947999715805054,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1708","display_name":"Hardware and Architecture"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11005","display_name":"Radiation Effects in Electronics","score":0.9941999912261963,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/overhead","display_name":"Overhead (engineering)","score":0.7397170662879944},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6774283647537231},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software","display_name":"Software","score":0.5122972726821899},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/embedded-system","display_name":"Embedded system","score":0.49265891313552856},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/core","display_name":"Core (optical fiber)","score":0.4807467460632324},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.4763891100883484},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operating-system","display_name":"Operating system","score":0.3160634934902191},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.17573264241218567}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779960059","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7113681","display_name":"Overhead (engineering)","level":2,"score":0.7397170662879944},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6774283647537231},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777904410","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7397","display_name":"Software","level":2,"score":0.5122972726821899},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149635348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193040","display_name":"Embedded system","level":1,"score":0.49265891313552856},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2164484","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5170150","display_name":"Core (optical fiber)","level":2,"score":0.4807467460632324},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.4763891100883484},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.3160634934902191},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.17573264241218567}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/3447852.3458721","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3447852.3458721","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 14th European Workshop on Systems Security","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","score":0.4699999988079071,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":16,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2038666141","https://openalex.org/W2097087947","https://openalex.org/W2107232214","https://openalex.org/W2118955868","https://openalex.org/W2134807578","https://openalex.org/W2914982603","https://openalex.org/W2932551155","https://openalex.org/W2942922575","https://openalex.org/W2943860641","https://openalex.org/W2949966323","https://openalex.org/W2967956925","https://openalex.org/W2981413263","https://openalex.org/W2982848142","https://openalex.org/W3101960782","https://openalex.org/W3153001680","https://openalex.org/W4236976178"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2418291489","https://openalex.org/W3158538495","https://openalex.org/W2068121105","https://openalex.org/W3096519538","https://openalex.org/W2744747300","https://openalex.org/W4241166160","https://openalex.org/W2384826897","https://openalex.org/W2045815042","https://openalex.org/W1997466117","https://openalex.org/W2795695574"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0],"Meltdown":[1],"and":[2,9,17,22],"Spectre":[3],"hardware":[4,7],"vulnerabilities":[5],"shocked":[6],"manufacturers":[8],"system":[10],"users":[11],"upon":[12],"discovery.":[13],"Numerous":[14],"attack":[15],"vectors":[16],"mitigations":[18,48],"have":[19],"been":[20,50],"developed":[21],"deployed.":[23],"However,":[24],"due":[25],"to":[26],"the":[27,43,53,61],"deep":[28],"entanglement":[29],"in":[30,69],"core":[31],"CPU":[32],"components":[33],"they":[34],"will":[35],"be":[36],"an":[37],"important":[38],"topic":[39],"for":[40],"years.":[41],"Although":[42],"performance":[44],"overhead":[45,55],"of":[46],"software":[47],"has":[49,56],"examined":[51],"closely,":[52],"energy":[54,62],"experienced":[57],"little":[58],"attention---even":[59],"though":[60],"demand":[63],"is":[64],"a":[65],"critical":[66],"cost":[67],"factor":[68],"data":[70],"centres.":[71]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-07-29T14:22:42.915294","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
