{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3157612160","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3447807","title":"GPU Accelerated Path Tracing of Massive Scenes","display_name":"GPU Accelerated Path Tracing of Massive Scenes","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-04-27","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3157612160","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3447807","mag":"3157612160"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3447807","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3447807","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3447807","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S185367456","display_name":"ACM Transactions on Graphics","issn_l":"0730-0301","issn":["0730-0301","1557-7368"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319798","host_organization_name":"Association for Computing Machinery","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319798"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computing Machinery"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ACM Transactions on Graphics","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"bronze","oa_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3447807","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5018682314","display_name":"M. Jaro\u0161","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4630-5339"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I142208455","display_name":"VSB - Technical University of Ostrava","ror":"https://ror.org/05x8mcb75","country_code":"CZ","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I142208455"]}],"countries":["CZ"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Milan Jaro\u0161","raw_affiliation_strings":["IT4Innovations, VSB\u2013Technical University of Ostrava, Czech Republic"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4630-5339","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"IT4Innovations, VSB\u2013Technical University of Ostrava, Czech Republic","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I142208455"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5021447319","display_name":"Lubom\u0131\u0301r \u0158\u0131\u0301ha","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1017-5766"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I142208455","display_name":"VSB - Technical University of Ostrava","ror":"https://ror.org/05x8mcb75","country_code":"CZ","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I142208455"]}],"countries":["CZ"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lubom\u00edr \u0158\u00edha","raw_affiliation_strings":["IT4Innovations, VSB\u2013Technical University of Ostrava, Czech Republic"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"IT4Innovations, VSB\u2013Technical University of Ostrava, Czech Republic","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I142208455"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5075867883","display_name":"Petr Strako\u0161","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2631-051X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I142208455","display_name":"VSB - Technical University of Ostrava","ror":"https://ror.org/05x8mcb75","country_code":"CZ","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I142208455"]}],"countries":["CZ"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Petr Strako\u0161","raw_affiliation_strings":["IT4Innovations, VSB\u2013Technical University of Ostrava, Czech Republic"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"IT4Innovations, VSB\u2013Technical University of Ostrava, Czech Republic","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I142208455"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5049919737","display_name":"Mat\u011bj \u0160pe\u0165ko","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5486-0503"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I142208455","display_name":"VSB - Technical University of Ostrava","ror":"https://ror.org/05x8mcb75","country_code":"CZ","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I142208455"]}],"countries":["CZ"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mat\u011bj \u0160pe\u0165ko","raw_affiliation_strings":["IT4Innovations, VSB\u2013Technical University of Ostrava, Czech Republic"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"IT4Innovations, VSB\u2013Technical University of Ostrava, Czech Republic","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I142208455"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5018682314"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I142208455"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":{"value":1301,"currency":"EUR","value_usd":1403},"fwci":3.3648,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":10,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.93995141,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"40","issue":"2","first_page":"1","last_page":"17"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10481","display_name":"Computer Graphics and Visualization Techniques","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1704","display_name":"Computer Graphics and Computer-Aided Design"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10481","display_name":"Computer Graphics and Visualization Techniques","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1704","display_name":"Computer Graphics and Computer-Aided Design"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10586","display_name":"Robotic Path Planning Algorithms","score":0.995199978351593,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10996","display_name":"Computational Geometry and Mesh Generation","score":0.9950000047683716,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1704","display_name":"Computer Graphics and Computer-Aided Design"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8778513669967651},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/path-tracing","display_name":"Path tracing","score":0.8276300430297852},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/rendering","display_name":"Rendering (computer graphics)","score":0.7226195335388184},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scalability","display_name":"Scalability","score":0.6765031814575195},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tracing","display_name":"Tracing","score":0.6402040719985962},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ray-tracing","display_name":"Ray tracing (physics)","score":0.6110778450965881},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/path","display_name":"Path (computing)","score":0.5960807204246521},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/parallel-computing","display_name":"Parallel computing","score":0.4468657374382019},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-graphics","display_name":"Computer graphics (images)","score":0.4042203426361084},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/database","display_name":"Database","score":0.08715739846229553}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8778513669967651},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C110541219","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q72948","display_name":"Path tracing","level":3,"score":0.8276300430297852},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205711294","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176953","display_name":"Rendering (computer graphics)","level":2,"score":0.7226195335388184},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48044578","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q727490","display_name":"Scalability","level":2,"score":0.6765031814575195},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138673069","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q322229","display_name":"Tracing","level":2,"score":0.6402040719985962},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121483023","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7298343","display_name":"Ray tracing (physics)","level":2,"score":0.6110778450965881},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777735758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q817765","display_name":"Path (computing)","level":2,"score":0.5960807204246521},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C173608175","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q232661","display_name":"Parallel computing","level":1,"score":0.4468657374382019},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121684516","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7600677","display_name":"Computer graphics (images)","level":1,"score":0.4042203426361084},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77088390","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8513","display_name":"Database","level":1,"score":0.08715739846229553},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/3447807","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3447807","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3447807","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S185367456","display_name":"ACM Transactions on Graphics","issn_l":"0730-0301","issn":["0730-0301","1557-7368"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319798","host_organization_name":"Association for Computing Machinery","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319798"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computing Machinery"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ACM Transactions on Graphics","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:dspace.vsb.cz:10084/145214","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10084/145214","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401668","display_name":"DSpace V\u0160B-TUO (V\u0160B-TUO)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I142208455","host_organization_name":"VSB - Technical University of Ostrava","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I142208455"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3447807","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3447807","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3447807","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S185367456","display_name":"ACM Transactions on Graphics","issn_l":"0730-0301","issn":["0730-0301","1557-7368"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319798","host_organization_name":"Association for Computing Machinery","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319798"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computing Machinery"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ACM Transactions on Graphics","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3157612160.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3157612160.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":45,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1549063340","https://openalex.org/W1974600473","https://openalex.org/W1981378358","https://openalex.org/W1988260638","https://openalex.org/W2000287918","https://openalex.org/W2020210067","https://openalex.org/W2023936677","https://openalex.org/W2041554407","https://openalex.org/W2045699115","https://openalex.org/W2050347695","https://openalex.org/W2057660067","https://openalex.org/W2067313328","https://openalex.org/W2082211440","https://openalex.org/W2097219246","https://openalex.org/W2100781970","https://openalex.org/W2102592717","https://openalex.org/W2125833438","https://openalex.org/W2131187282","https://openalex.org/W2144033344","https://openalex.org/W2157447097","https://openalex.org/W2161236508","https://openalex.org/W2164652867","https://openalex.org/W2594539453","https://openalex.org/W2611109255","https://openalex.org/W2736623132","https://openalex.org/W2750778931","https://openalex.org/W2767112700","https://openalex.org/W2884503874","https://openalex.org/W2885565872","https://openalex.org/W2885656008","https://openalex.org/W2886929983","https://openalex.org/W2887178829","https://openalex.org/W2903659818","https://openalex.org/W2903901007","https://openalex.org/W2926767350","https://openalex.org/W2949486320","https://openalex.org/W2958906681","https://openalex.org/W3015424312","https://openalex.org/W3017302221","https://openalex.org/W3101708369","https://openalex.org/W4241553019","https://openalex.org/W4242985528","https://openalex.org/W4245268430","https://openalex.org/W4249798784","https://openalex.org/W4252178669"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2902083801","https://openalex.org/W2043557177","https://openalex.org/W2030301809","https://openalex.org/W2950602979","https://openalex.org/W2349351862","https://openalex.org/W2782715206","https://openalex.org/W4385284185","https://openalex.org/W4300010773","https://openalex.org/W4252197513","https://openalex.org/W151283179"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"article":[1],"presents":[2],"a":[3,22,121,180,191],"solution":[4],"to":[5,36,102,109,143,156,159,178,199],"path":[6,23,76,95,111,132],"tracing":[7,77],"of":[8,21,51,59,75,123,140,151,186,194],"massive":[9],"scenes":[10,139,168],"on":[11,42,64,88,138],"multiple":[12],"GPUs.":[13,66,201],"Our":[14],"approach":[15,107,135],"analyzes":[16],"the":[17,28,49,52,56,73,89,128,152,173],"memory":[18,60,90],"access":[19],"pattern":[20],"tracer":[24,96],"and":[25,93],"defines":[26],"how":[27],"scene":[29,53,83,153],"data":[30,97,154],"should":[31],"be":[32,103,157],"distributed":[33,82],"across":[34],"up":[35,142,198],"16":[37,200],"GPUs":[38],"with":[39,80,113],"minimal":[40],"effect":[41],"performance.":[43],"The":[44,134],"key":[45],"concept":[46],"is":[47,175],"that":[48,54,148,172],"parts":[50],"have":[55,101,126,170,189],"highest":[57],"amount":[58],"accesses":[61],"are":[62],"replicated":[63,158,182],"all":[65,160],"We":[67,146],"propose":[68],"two":[69],"methods":[70,86],"for":[71,162],"maximizing":[72],"performance":[74,174],"when":[78],"working":[79],"partially":[81],"data.":[84],"Both":[85],"work":[87],"management":[91],"level":[92],"therefore":[94],"structures":[98],"do":[99],"not":[100],"redesigned,":[104],"making":[105],"our":[106],"applicable":[108],"other":[110],"tracers":[112],"only":[114,149],"minor":[115],"changes":[116],"in":[117],"their":[118],"code.":[119],"As":[120],"proof":[122],"concept,":[124],"we":[125,169,188],"enhanced":[127],"open-source":[129],"Blender":[130],"Cycles":[131],"tracer.":[133],"was":[136],"validated":[137],"sizes":[141],"169":[144],"GB.":[145],"show":[147],"1\u20135%":[150],"needs":[155],"machines":[161],"such":[163],"large":[164],"scenes.":[165],"On":[166],"smaller":[167],"verified":[171],"very":[176],"close":[177],"rendering":[179],"fully":[181],"scene.":[183],"In":[184],"terms":[185],"scalability":[187],"achieved":[190],"parallel":[192],"efficiency":[193],"over":[195],"94%":[196],"using":[197]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
