{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3162282087","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3447654.3447661","title":"A Survey on Occluded Face recognition","display_name":"A Survey on Occluded Face recognition","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-12-18","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3162282087","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3447654.3447661","mag":"3162282087"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3447654.3447661","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3447654.3447661","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2020 The 9th International Conference on Networks, Communication and Computing","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100444212","display_name":"Zhifeng Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7899-1973"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I23171815","display_name":"Zhengzhou University of Light Industry","ror":"https://ror.org/05fwr8z16","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I23171815"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Zhifeng Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Zhengzhou University of Light Industry, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Zhengzhou University of Light Industry, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I23171815"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5075390995","display_name":"Xiaohui Ji","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6897-6606"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I23171815","display_name":"Zhengzhou University of Light Industry","ror":"https://ror.org/05fwr8z16","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I23171815"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiaohui Ji","raw_affiliation_strings":["Zhengzhou University of Light Industry, ??"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Zhengzhou University of Light Industry, ??","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I23171815"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100617649","display_name":"Xiao Cui","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0596-4525"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I23171815","display_name":"Zhengzhou University of Light Industry","ror":"https://ror.org/05fwr8z16","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I23171815"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiao Cui","raw_affiliation_strings":["Zhengzhou University of Light Industry, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Zhengzhou University of Light Industry, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I23171815"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5114888547","display_name":"Junxia Ma","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3373-7394"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I23171815","display_name":"Zhengzhou University of Light Industry","ror":"https://ror.org/05fwr8z16","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I23171815"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Junxia Ma","raw_affiliation_strings":["Zhengzhou University of Light Industry, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Zhengzhou University of Light Industry, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I23171815"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5100444212"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I23171815"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.3925,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":7,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.64131501,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"40","last_page":"49"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11448","display_name":"Face recognition and analysis","score":0.9988999962806702,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11448","display_name":"Face recognition and analysis","score":0.9988999962806702,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10331","display_name":"Video Surveillance and Tracking Methods","score":0.9836000204086304,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10057","display_name":"Face and Expression Recognition","score":0.9830999970436096,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.7445152401924133},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7421737909317017},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/three-dimensional-face-recognition","display_name":"Three-dimensional face recognition","score":0.7397021651268005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/facial-recognition-system","display_name":"Facial recognition system","score":0.7251983880996704},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/biometrics","display_name":"Biometrics","score":0.6016920804977417},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.5949165225028992},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/face-detection","display_name":"Face detection","score":0.5873907804489136},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/object-class-detection","display_name":"Object-class detection","score":0.5710577368736267},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/face-hallucination","display_name":"Face hallucination","score":0.5432116389274597},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature-extraction","display_name":"Feature extraction","score":0.5061313509941101},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/face-recognition-grand-challenge","display_name":"Face Recognition Grand Challenge","score":0.5011918544769287},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/face","display_name":"Face (sociological concept)","score":0.49864959716796875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.454316109418869}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.7445152401924133},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7421737909317017},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C88799230","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3398329","display_name":"Three-dimensional face recognition","level":5,"score":0.7397021651268005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31510193","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1192553","display_name":"Facial recognition system","level":3,"score":0.7251983880996704},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C184297639","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q177765","display_name":"Biometrics","level":2,"score":0.6016920804977417},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.5949165225028992},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C4641261","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11681085","display_name":"Face detection","level":4,"score":0.5873907804489136},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71681937","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3045304","display_name":"Object-class detection","level":5,"score":0.5710577368736267},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54654163","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5428359","display_name":"Face hallucination","level":5,"score":0.5432116389274597},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52622490","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1026626","display_name":"Feature extraction","level":2,"score":0.5061313509941101},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C191070858","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5428343","display_name":"Face Recognition Grand Challenge","level":5,"score":0.5011918544769287},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779304628","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3503480","display_name":"Face (sociological concept)","level":2,"score":0.49864959716796875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.454316109418869},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36289849","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q34749","display_name":"Social science","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/3447654.3447661","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3447654.3447661","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2020 The 9th International Conference on Networks, Communication and Computing","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure","score":0.4099999964237213,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2344106617","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61975187","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":88,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1536680647","https://openalex.org/W1545641654","https://openalex.org/W1573216999","https://openalex.org/W1616262590","https://openalex.org/W1979889974","https://openalex.org/W1983808739","https://openalex.org/W1996765463","https://openalex.org/W2005264304","https://openalex.org/W2011672073","https://openalex.org/W2029006879","https://openalex.org/W2034025266","https://openalex.org/W2041497292","https://openalex.org/W2052503369","https://openalex.org/W2054891869","https://openalex.org/W2056025798","https://openalex.org/W2071035657","https://openalex.org/W2071881355","https://openalex.org/W2074596973","https://openalex.org/W2076647582","https://openalex.org/W2099629511","https://openalex.org/W2102605133","https://openalex.org/W2109255472","https://openalex.org/W2124386111","https://openalex.org/W2130258210","https://openalex.org/W2139916508","https://openalex.org/W2157785665","https://openalex.org/W2161969291","https://openalex.org/W2164598857","https://openalex.org/W2166167289","https://openalex.org/W2193145675","https://openalex.org/W2238285753","https://openalex.org/W2247274765","https://openalex.org/W2333132483","https://openalex.org/W2474608001","https://openalex.org/W2513798117","https://openalex.org/W2559655401","https://openalex.org/W2561743383","https://openalex.org/W2564669845","https://openalex.org/W2570343428","https://openalex.org/W2572045081","https://openalex.org/W2574468523","https://openalex.org/W2579152745","https://openalex.org/W2583955973","https://openalex.org/W2604687243","https://openalex.org/W2604976973","https://openalex.org/W2615737751","https://openalex.org/W2739260663","https://openalex.org/W2739722733","https://openalex.org/W2756114629","https://openalex.org/W2765960273","https://openalex.org/W2768725293","https://openalex.org/W2769576731","https://openalex.org/W2775145835","https://openalex.org/W2798748382","https://openalex.org/W2799999388","https://openalex.org/W2807057660","https://openalex.org/W2871667416","https://openalex.org/W2892321090","https://openalex.org/W2915902994","https://openalex.org/W2919762183","https://openalex.org/W2926332763","https://openalex.org/W2946474057","https://openalex.org/W2947524577","https://openalex.org/W2963037989","https://openalex.org/W2963566548","https://openalex.org/W2963721882","https://openalex.org/W2964026145","https://openalex.org/W2969262604","https://openalex.org/W2972943142","https://openalex.org/W2977737988","https://openalex.org/W2985214930","https://openalex.org/W2987654099","https://openalex.org/W2990217661","https://openalex.org/W3009585802","https://openalex.org/W3010234442","https://openalex.org/W3029331273","https://openalex.org/W3034258423","https://openalex.org/W3034552680","https://openalex.org/W3080861494","https://openalex.org/W3088457092","https://openalex.org/W3102431071","https://openalex.org/W3106250896","https://openalex.org/W4241307704","https://openalex.org/W4247924304","https://openalex.org/W4249142012","https://openalex.org/W4285784252","https://openalex.org/W4286696412","https://openalex.org/W4300765087"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4206923589","https://openalex.org/W4200005109","https://openalex.org/W74006108","https://openalex.org/W2184186800","https://openalex.org/W325114128","https://openalex.org/W4360585479","https://openalex.org/W2336272890","https://openalex.org/W4360994936","https://openalex.org/W4285815683","https://openalex.org/W1557146082"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,12,85],"human":[1],"face":[2,42,46,66,90,95,101,105,109,131,155,168,201,209,217,229],"is":[3,17,48,76,92,219],"a":[4,49],"research":[5,267],"hotspot":[6],"in":[7,22,177,207,225],"the":[8,15,38,41,81,114,126,158,208,223,226,236,262],"existing":[9,127],"biometric":[10],"technology.":[11],"collection":[13],"of":[14,40,89,129,160,228],"faces":[16],"affected":[18],"by":[19],"unpredictable":[20],"factors":[21],"reality,":[23],"such":[24],"as":[25],"expression":[26],"change,":[27,29],"posture":[28],"illumination,":[30],"occlusion,":[31],"and":[32,51,103,120,144,162,185,191,199,211,234,253,265],"so":[33,74,97],"on,":[34],"which":[35,136,179,240],"will":[36],"reduce":[37],"performance":[39],"recognition":[43,47,67,91,156,218],"system.":[44],"Occluded":[45],"long-standing":[50],"challenging":[52],"problem.":[53],"There":[54],"are":[55,137,180,196,212,241],"scanty":[56],"studies":[57],"on":[58,117,140,147,153,244,249,256],"occlusion":[59,82],"issues":[60],"compared":[61],"with":[62,80,94],"other":[63,192],"problems.":[64],"Occlusion":[65],"has":[68],"profound":[69],"application":[70],"potential":[71],"at":[72],"present,":[73],"it":[75],"imperative":[77],"to":[78,166,214,221],"deal":[79],"problem":[83,88],"effectively.":[84],"first":[86],"primary":[87],"faced":[93],"detection,":[96,110],"we":[98,111,124,151,170,232,260],"introduce":[99],"general":[100,108],"detection":[102,132],"occluded":[104,130,154],"detection.":[106],"For":[107],"briefly":[112],"describe":[113],"methods":[115,128],"based":[116,139,146,243,248,255],"template":[118],"matching":[119],"deep":[121,148,257],"learning.":[122,149,258],"Then":[123],"analyze":[125,233,261],"from":[133,157,174],"two":[134,175],"aspects,":[135,239],"1)":[138,181,242],"manual":[141],"design":[142],"features":[143],"2)":[145,186,247],"Secondly,":[150],"focus":[152],"perspectives":[159],"2D":[161,167],"3D.":[163],"With":[164],"regard":[165],"images,":[169],"make":[171],"an":[172],"analysis":[173],"categories":[176],"detail,":[178],"robust":[182,213],"feature":[183],"extraction":[184],"subspace":[187],"regression.":[188],"3D":[189,193,200,216],"scanners":[190],"acquisition":[194],"technologies":[195],"developing":[197],"rapidly,":[198],"images":[202],"contain":[203],"rich":[204],"information":[205],"inherent":[206],"itself":[210],"occlusion.":[215],"inevitable":[220],"become":[222],"mainstream":[224],"field":[227],"recognition.":[230],"Therefore,":[231],"summarize":[235],"three":[237],"popular":[238],"surface":[245,251],"information,":[246,252],"local":[250],"3)":[254],"Finally,":[259],"current":[263],"problems":[264],"future":[266],"directions.":[268]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-03-26T15:22:09.906841","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}