{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3176993470","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3447555.3464855","title":"On the Joint Control of Multiple Building Systems with Reinforcement Learning","display_name":"On the Joint Control of Multiple Building Systems with Reinforcement Learning","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-06-22","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3176993470","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3447555.3464855","mag":"3176993470"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3447555.3464855","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3447555.3464855","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the Twelfth ACM International Conference on Future Energy Systems","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100425853","display_name":"Tianyu Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6373-4015"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I154425047","display_name":"University of Alberta","ror":"https://ror.org/0160cpw27","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I154425047"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tianyu Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Alberta"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Alberta","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I154425047"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5042863108","display_name":"Gaby Baasch","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I212119943","display_name":"University of Victoria","ror":"https://ror.org/04s5mat29","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I212119943"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Gaby Baasch","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Victoria"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Victoria","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I212119943"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5079048464","display_name":"Omid Ardakanian","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6711-5502"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I154425047","display_name":"University of Alberta","ror":"https://ror.org/0160cpw27","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I154425047"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Omid Ardakanian","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Alberta"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Alberta","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I154425047"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5065437426","display_name":"Ralph Evins","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4963-5798"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I212119943","display_name":"University of Victoria","ror":"https://ror.org/04s5mat29","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I212119943"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ralph Evins","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Victoria"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Victoria","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I212119943"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":4.3782,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":17,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.96063265,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"60","last_page":"72"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10121","display_name":"Building Energy and Comfort Optimization","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2215","display_name":"Building and Construction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10121","display_name":"Building Energy and Comfort Optimization","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2215","display_name":"Building and Construction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11371","display_name":"Wind and Air Flow Studies","score":0.9624999761581421,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2305","display_name":"Environmental Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hvac","display_name":"HVAC","score":0.806032657623291},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reinforcement-learning","display_name":"Reinforcement learning","score":0.7983830571174622},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/occupancy","display_name":"Occupancy","score":0.770290195941925},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6999432444572449},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/daylight","display_name":"Daylight","score":0.6346598267555237},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/joint","display_name":"Joint (building)","score":0.5020074844360352},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/control","display_name":"Control (management)","score":0.4774899184703827},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/simulation","display_name":"Simulation","score":0.46031802892684937},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/efficient-energy-use","display_name":"Efficient energy use","score":0.44191479682922363},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/control-system","display_name":"Control system","score":0.4254385530948639},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/thermal-comfort","display_name":"Thermal comfort","score":0.41542309522628784},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/real-time-computing","display_name":"Real-time computing","score":0.4007839560508728},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/automotive-engineering","display_name":"Automotive engineering","score":0.3439074456691742},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/air-conditioning","display_name":"Air conditioning","score":0.292702317237854},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.2854200005531311},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/architectural-engineering","display_name":"Architectural engineering","score":0.21845877170562744},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.18978241086006165}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C122346748","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1798773","display_name":"HVAC","level":3,"score":0.806032657623291},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97541855","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q830687","display_name":"Reinforcement learning","level":2,"score":0.7983830571174622},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C160331591","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7075743","display_name":"Occupancy","level":2,"score":0.770290195941925},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6999432444572449},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149277555","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16491","display_name":"Daylight","level":2,"score":0.6346598267555237},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18555067","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8375051","display_name":"Joint (building)","level":2,"score":0.5020074844360352},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775924081","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q55608371","display_name":"Control (management)","level":2,"score":0.4774899184703827},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44154836","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q45045","display_name":"Simulation","level":1,"score":0.46031802892684937},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2742236","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q924713","display_name":"Efficient energy use","level":2,"score":0.44191479682922363},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17500928","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q959968","display_name":"Control system","level":2,"score":0.4254385530948639},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C133913538","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q774514","display_name":"Thermal comfort","level":2,"score":0.41542309522628784},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79403827","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3988","display_name":"Real-time computing","level":1,"score":0.4007839560508728},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C171146098","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q124192","display_name":"Automotive engineering","level":1,"score":0.3439074456691742},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C103742991","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173725","display_name":"Air conditioning","level":2,"score":0.292702317237854},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.2854200005531311},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C170154142","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q150737","display_name":"Architectural engineering","level":1,"score":0.21845877170562744},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.18978241086006165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78519656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101333","display_name":"Mechanical engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97355855","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11473","display_name":"Thermodynamics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/3447555.3464855","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3447555.3464855","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the Twelfth ACM International Conference on Future Energy Systems","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","score":0.5699999928474426}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3247444335","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"530852-18","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334593","funder_display_name":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334593","display_name":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","ror":"https://ror.org/01h531d29"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":36,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1583837637","https://openalex.org/W1972077080","https://openalex.org/W1986570820","https://openalex.org/W2042317950","https://openalex.org/W2083974252","https://openalex.org/W2086048010","https://openalex.org/W2090682015","https://openalex.org/W2098003533","https://openalex.org/W2108152153","https://openalex.org/W2166681263","https://openalex.org/W2173564293","https://openalex.org/W2400109896","https://openalex.org/W2735604903","https://openalex.org/W2736601468","https://openalex.org/W2769883686","https://openalex.org/W2781726626","https://openalex.org/W2795237036","https://openalex.org/W2803766679","https://openalex.org/W2803794924","https://openalex.org/W2893522934","https://openalex.org/W2903817270","https://openalex.org/W2909510634","https://openalex.org/W2949065204","https://openalex.org/W2962832483","https://openalex.org/W2979476646","https://openalex.org/W2980797340","https://openalex.org/W2985363569","https://openalex.org/W3024350433","https://openalex.org/W3034525625","https://openalex.org/W3036020335","https://openalex.org/W3043873571","https://openalex.org/W3093040599","https://openalex.org/W3106853684","https://openalex.org/W3108446289","https://openalex.org/W3109235893","https://openalex.org/W4230934225"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4281749375","https://openalex.org/W4310881614","https://openalex.org/W3175386298","https://openalex.org/W3205077726","https://openalex.org/W4233531942","https://openalex.org/W4226034203","https://openalex.org/W4312641736","https://openalex.org/W4292166922","https://openalex.org/W2940870102","https://openalex.org/W2795988985"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Commercial":[0],"buildings":[1],"are":[2,80,128],"comprised":[3],"of":[4,37,69,94,115,135,143],"multiple":[5],"mechanical":[6],"and":[7,19,32,54,65,106,109,150,175,185],"electrical":[8],"systems":[9,25,56,118],"that":[10,88,154,173,192],"work":[11],"in":[12,57,62,72,183],"tandem":[13],"to":[14,50,74,125],"provide":[15,120],"a":[16,34,58,85,121,155],"healthy,":[17],"safe,":[18],"comfortable":[20],"environment":[21],"for":[22,91],"occupants.":[23,95],"These":[24],"have":[26],"complex":[27],"interactions":[28,83],"with":[29,64,84,146],"each":[30],"other,":[31],"consume":[33],"large":[35],"amount":[36],"energy.":[38],"In":[39],"this":[40],"paper,":[41],"we":[42,171],"apply":[43],"three":[44],"model-free":[45],"deep":[46],"reinforcement":[47],"learning":[48],"algorithms":[49,139],"jointly":[51],"control":[52,78,114,138,193],"HVAC":[53],"blind":[55],"multi-zone":[59],"test":[60],"building,":[61],"scenarios":[63],"without":[66],"automatic":[67],"dimming":[68],"the":[70,92,98,112,116,133,136,141,194],"lights":[71],"response":[73],"daylight":[75],"levels.":[76],"The":[77],"agents":[79],"trained":[81],"through":[82,152],"building":[86,117,196],"simulator":[87],"generates":[89],"traces":[90],"movement":[93],"We":[96,131],"investigate":[97],"three-way":[99],"trade-off":[100,123,157],"between":[101],"energy":[102,178],"use,":[103],"thermal":[104],"comfort,":[105,108],"visual":[107],"discuss":[110],"how":[111],"joint":[113],"could":[119],"better":[122,156],"compared":[124],"when":[126],"they":[127],"controlled":[129],"separately.":[130],"compare":[132],"performance":[134],"proposed":[137],"assuming":[140],"availability":[142],"occupancy":[144,163,169],"data":[145],"two":[147],"spatial":[148],"resolutions,":[149],"confirm":[151],"experiments":[153],"can":[158,179],"be":[159,180],"achieved":[160],"should":[161],"zone-level":[162,168],"information":[164],"become":[165],"available.":[166],"Incorporating":[167],"information,":[170],"show":[172],"11.0%":[174],"31.8%":[176],"more":[177],"saved":[181],"respectively":[182],"heating":[184],"cooling":[186],"seasons":[187],"over":[188],"existing":[189],"rule-based":[190],"baselines":[191],"same":[195],"systems.":[197]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-07-29T14:22:42.915294","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}