{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3176587194","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3447526.3472059","title":"How We Swipe: A Large-scale Shape-writing Dataset and Empirical Findings","display_name":"How We Swipe: A Large-scale Shape-writing Dataset and Empirical Findings","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-09-20","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3176587194","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3447526.3472059","mag":"3176587194"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3447526.3472059","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3447526.3472059","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3447526.3472059","source":null,"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 23rd International Conference on Mobile Human-Computer Interaction","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3447526.3472059","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5017930924","display_name":"Luis A. Leiva","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5011-1847"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I186903577","display_name":"University of Luxembourg","ror":"https://ror.org/036x5ad56","country_code":"LU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I186903577"]}],"countries":["LU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Luis A. Leiva","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Luxembourg, Luxembourg"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Luxembourg, Luxembourg","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I186903577"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5077030430","display_name":"Sunjun Kim","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4310-4817"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I9927081","display_name":"Aalto University","ror":"https://ror.org/020hwjq30","country_code":"FI","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I9927081"]}],"countries":["FI"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sunjun Kim","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Communications and Networking Aalto University, Finland"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Communications and Networking Aalto University, Finland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I9927081"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5024369044","display_name":"Wenzhe Cui","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8968-846X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I59553526","display_name":"Stony Brook University","ror":"https://ror.org/05qghxh33","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I59553526"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wenzhe Cui","raw_affiliation_strings":["Computer Science Stony Brook University, United States"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Computer Science Stony Brook University, United States","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I59553526"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5016901770","display_name":"Xiaojun Bi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9716-7709"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I59553526","display_name":"Stony Brook University","ror":"https://ror.org/05qghxh33","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I59553526"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiaojun Bi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science Stony Brook University, United States"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science Stony Brook University, United States","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I59553526"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5003084232","display_name":"Antti Oulasvirta","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2498-7837"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I9927081","display_name":"Aalto University","ror":"https://ror.org/020hwjq30","country_code":"FI","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I9927081"]}],"countries":["FI"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Antti Oulasvirta","raw_affiliation_strings":["Aalto University, Finland"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Aalto University, Finland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I9927081"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":3,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.7109,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":18,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.83894516,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"13"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10789","display_name":"Interactive and Immersive Displays","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1709","display_name":"Human-Computer Interaction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10789","display_name":"Interactive and Immersive Displays","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1709","display_name":"Human-Computer Interaction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10914","display_name":"Tactile and Sensory Interactions","score":0.9991999864578247,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11398","display_name":"Hand Gesture Recognition Systems","score":0.9965999722480774,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1709","display_name":"Human-Computer Interaction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/swipe","display_name":"SwIPe","score":0.9936153888702393},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7502758502960205},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gesture","display_name":"Gesture","score":0.7423171997070312},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/text-entry","display_name":"Text entry","score":0.6923741102218628},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/trajectory","display_name":"Trajectory","score":0.5285933017730713},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scale","display_name":"Scale (ratio)","score":0.5282520651817322},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/empirical-research","display_name":"Empirical research","score":0.47323688864707947},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/human\u2013computer-interaction","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","score":0.43404263257980347},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/aggregate","display_name":"Aggregate (composite)","score":0.4155539572238922},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.39250829815864563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/world-wide-web","display_name":"World Wide Web","score":0.3320696949958801},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.11183172464370728},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/statistics","display_name":"Statistics","score":0.09951463341712952},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cartography","display_name":"Cartography","score":0.07838830351829529},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geography","display_name":"Geography","score":0.07582792639732361},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.0669599175453186}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779623668","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7652842","display_name":"SwIPe","level":2,"score":0.9936153888702393},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7502758502960205},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C207347870","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q371174","display_name":"Gesture","level":2,"score":0.7423171997070312},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2988504831","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1192366","display_name":"Text entry","level":2,"score":0.6923741102218628},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C13662910","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193139","display_name":"Trajectory","level":2,"score":0.5285933017730713},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778755073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10858537","display_name":"Scale (ratio)","level":2,"score":0.5282520651817322},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120936955","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2155640","display_name":"Empirical research","level":2,"score":0.47323688864707947},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107457646","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207434","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","level":1,"score":0.43404263257980347},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C4679612","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q866298","display_name":"Aggregate (composite)","level":2,"score":0.4155539572238922},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.39250829815864563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136764020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466","display_name":"World Wide Web","level":1,"score":0.3320696949958801},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.11183172464370728},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.09951463341712952},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C58640448","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42515","display_name":"Cartography","level":1,"score":0.07838830351829529},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.07582792639732361},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0669599175453186},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C1276947","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q333","display_name":"Astronomy","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159985019","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181790","display_name":"Composite material","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/3447526.3472059","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3447526.3472059","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3447526.3472059","source":null,"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 23rd International Conference on Mobile Human-Computer Interaction","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:aaltodoc.aalto.fi:123456789/110843","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://research.aalto.fi/en/publications/db130999-d0e8-4a9b-9441-71344018090b","pdf_url":"https://research.aalto.fi/files/74565743/ELEC_Leiva_etal_How_we_swipe_ACM_Mobile_HCI_2021.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401662","display_name":"Aaltodoc (Aalto University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I9927081","host_organization_name":"Aalto University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I9927081"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"publishedVersion"},{"id":"pmh:oai:orbilu.uni.lu:10993/47546","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://orbilu.uni.lu/handle/10993/47546","pdf_url":"http://orbilu.uni.lu/handle/10993/47546","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401815","display_name":"Open Repository and Bibliography (University of Luxembourg)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I186903577","host_organization_name":"University of Luxembourg","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I186903577"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3447526.3472059","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3447526.3472059","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3447526.3472059","source":null,"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 23rd International Conference on Mobile Human-Computer Interaction","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Quality Education","score":0.8799999952316284,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3573338617","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"291556, 310947","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321108","funder_display_name":"Academy of Finland"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5078460471","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"310947","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321108","funder_display_name":"Academy of Finland"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8488328798","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"291556","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321108","funder_display_name":"Academy of Finland"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321108","display_name":"Academy of Finland","ror":"https://ror.org/05k73zm37"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320326308","display_name":"Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/03frjya69"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320328359","display_name":"Ministry of Science and ICT, South Korea","ror":"https://ror.org/01wpjm123"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3176587194.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3176587194.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":49,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1146155598","https://openalex.org/W1528251861","https://openalex.org/W1963931415","https://openalex.org/W1973394302","https://openalex.org/W2004717738","https://openalex.org/W2010376411","https://openalex.org/W2012205861","https://openalex.org/W2012241589","https://openalex.org/W2015509928","https://openalex.org/W2022422334","https://openalex.org/W2036530198","https://openalex.org/W2036830042","https://openalex.org/W2039133708","https://openalex.org/W2051780479","https://openalex.org/W2052570369","https://openalex.org/W2054689358","https://openalex.org/W2082733159","https://openalex.org/W2088442210","https://openalex.org/W2097248932","https://openalex.org/W2099287431","https://openalex.org/W2102585360","https://openalex.org/W2104328027","https://openalex.org/W2107655853","https://openalex.org/W2117519514","https://openalex.org/W2131955678","https://openalex.org/W2133495565","https://openalex.org/W2133990837","https://openalex.org/W2136345490","https://openalex.org/W2157985198","https://openalex.org/W2166668780","https://openalex.org/W2170810427","https://openalex.org/W2182784532","https://openalex.org/W2401452835","https://openalex.org/W2407300725","https://openalex.org/W2513314960","https://openalex.org/W2552963379","https://openalex.org/W2610552939","https://openalex.org/W2611136445","https://openalex.org/W2766638461","https://openalex.org/W2789807228","https://openalex.org/W2795386701","https://openalex.org/W2795517964","https://openalex.org/W2908341141","https://openalex.org/W2920852065","https://openalex.org/W2923526557","https://openalex.org/W2941413112","https://openalex.org/W2979051136","https://openalex.org/W3096891957","https://openalex.org/W6603283563"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2311597590","https://openalex.org/W2435456187","https://openalex.org/W2510194348","https://openalex.org/W2109438710","https://openalex.org/W2041977675","https://openalex.org/W2497416241","https://openalex.org/W3176587194","https://openalex.org/W2539947908","https://openalex.org/W2463538565","https://openalex.org/W3096826597"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Despite":[0],"the":[1,43,86,93,96],"prevalence":[2],"of":[3,38,45,92],"shape-writing":[4],"(gesture":[5],"typing,":[6],"swype":[7],"input,":[8],"or":[9,95],"swiping":[10,39],"for":[11,112],"short)":[12],"as":[13,40,42,79,81,85],"a":[14,27,56],"text":[15,48],"entry":[16,49],"method,":[17],"there":[18],"are":[19,118,137],"currently":[20],"no":[21],"public":[22],"datasets":[23],"available.":[24],"We":[25,70,103,125],"report":[26,71],"large-scale":[28],"dataset":[29,52],"that":[30,114],"can":[31],"support":[32],"efforts":[33],"in":[34,109],"both":[35],"empirical":[36],"study":[37],"well":[41,80],"development":[44],"better":[46],"intelligent":[47],"techniques.":[50],"The":[51],"was":[53],"collected":[54],"via":[55],"web-based":[57],"custom":[58],"virtual":[59],"keyboard,":[60],"involving":[61],"1,338":[62],"users":[63],"who":[64],"submitted":[65],"11,318":[66],"unique":[67],"English":[68],"words.":[69],"aggregate-level":[72],"indices":[73],"on":[74,90,132],"typing":[75],"performance,":[76],"user-related":[77],"factors,":[78],"trajectory-level":[82],"data,":[83],"such":[84,130],"gesture":[87],"path":[88],"drawn":[89],"top":[91],"keyboard":[94],"time":[97],"lapsed":[98],"between":[99],"consecutively":[100],"swiped":[101],"keys.":[102],"find":[104,127],"some":[105],"well-known":[106],"effects":[107],"reported":[108],"previous":[110],"studies,":[111],"example":[113],"speed":[115],"and":[116,122],"error":[117],"affected":[119],"by":[120],"age":[121],"language":[123],"skill.":[124],"also":[126],"surprising":[128],"relationships":[129],"that,":[131],"large":[133],"screens,":[134],"swipe":[135,141],"trajectories":[136],"longer":[138],"but":[139],"people":[140],"faster.":[142]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2021-07-05T00:00:00"}