{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3198536471","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3446426","title":"Multi-Stage Conversational Passage Retrieval: An Approach to Fusing Term Importance Estimation and Neural Query Rewriting","display_name":"Multi-Stage Conversational Passage Retrieval: An Approach to Fusing Term Importance Estimation and Neural Query Rewriting","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-09-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3198536471","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3446426","mag":"3198536471"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3446426","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3446426","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4394735545","display_name":"ACM Transactions on Information Systems","issn_l":"1046-8188","issn":["1046-8188","1558-2868"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ACM Transactions on Information Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5032699557","display_name":"Sheng-Chieh Lin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7989-9703"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210086894","display_name":"Research Center for Information Technology Innovation, Academia Sinica","ror":"https://ror.org/000zgvm20","country_code":"TW","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210086894","https://openalex.org/I84653119"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sheng-Chieh Lin","raw_affiliation_strings":["Research Center for Information Technology Innovation, Academia Sinica"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Research Center for Information Technology Innovation, Academia Sinica","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210086894"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5014519159","display_name":"Jheng-Hong Yang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5469-312X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210086894","display_name":"Research Center for Information Technology Innovation, Academia Sinica","ror":"https://ror.org/000zgvm20","country_code":"TW","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210086894","https://openalex.org/I84653119"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jheng-Hong Yang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Research Center for Information Technology Innovation, Academia Sinica"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Research Center for Information Technology Innovation, Academia Sinica","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210086894"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5030647281","display_name":"Rodrigo Nogueira","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2600-6035"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I151746483","display_name":"University of Waterloo","ror":"https://ror.org/01aff2v68","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I151746483"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Rodrigo Nogueira","raw_affiliation_strings":["David R. Cheriton School of Computer Science, University of Waterloo"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"David R. Cheriton School of Computer Science, University of Waterloo","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I151746483"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5076203419","display_name":"Ming-Feng Tsai","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3358-8176"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I87354575","display_name":"National Chengchi University","ror":"https://ror.org/03rqk8h36","country_code":"TW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I87354575"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ming-Feng Tsai","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, National Chengchi University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, National Chengchi University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I87354575"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5017348970","display_name":"Chuan\u2010Ju Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5281-2962"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210086894","display_name":"Research Center for Information Technology Innovation, Academia Sinica","ror":"https://ror.org/000zgvm20","country_code":"TW","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210086894","https://openalex.org/I84653119"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chuan-Ju Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Research Center for Information Technology Innovation, Academia Sinica"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Research Center for Information Technology Innovation, Academia Sinica","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210086894"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5082997975","display_name":"Jimmy Lin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0661-7189"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I151746483","display_name":"University of Waterloo","ror":"https://ror.org/01aff2v68","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I151746483"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jimmy Lin","raw_affiliation_strings":["David R. Cheriton School of Computer Science, University of Waterloo"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"David R. Cheriton School of Computer Science, University of Waterloo","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I151746483"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":5.4593,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":55,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.96392656,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":98,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"39","issue":"4","first_page":"1","last_page":"29"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10028","display_name":"Topic Modeling","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10028","display_name":"Topic Modeling","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12031","display_name":"Speech and dialogue systems","score":0.9970999956130981,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10181","display_name":"Natural Language Processing Techniques","score":0.9958999752998352,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8655917644500732},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/information-retrieval","display_name":"Information retrieval","score":0.6530592441558838},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/leverage","display_name":"Leverage (statistics)","score":0.6105026602745056},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/query-expansion","display_name":"Query expansion","score":0.539167582988739},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/term","display_name":"Term (time)","score":0.4818464517593384},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.46863818168640137},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/query-language","display_name":"Query language","score":0.46084094047546387},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/rewriting","display_name":"Rewriting","score":0.4329805076122284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/context","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","score":0.4176177382469177},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/natural-language-processing","display_name":"Natural language processing","score":0.413648784160614},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/programming-language","display_name":"Programming language","score":0.08783245086669922}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8655917644500732},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C23123220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q816826","display_name":"Information retrieval","level":1,"score":0.6530592441558838},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153083717","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6535263","display_name":"Leverage (statistics)","level":2,"score":0.6105026602745056},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99016210","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5488129","display_name":"Query expansion","level":2,"score":0.539167582988739},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C61797465","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1188986","display_name":"Term (time)","level":2,"score":0.4818464517593384},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.46863818168640137},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192028432","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q845739","display_name":"Query language","level":2,"score":0.46084094047546387},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154690210","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1668499","display_name":"Rewriting","level":2,"score":0.4329805076122284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779343474","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3109175","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","level":2,"score":0.4176177382469177},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204321447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30642","display_name":"Natural language processing","level":1,"score":0.413648784160614},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.08783245086669922},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151730666","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7205","display_name":"Paleontology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/3446426","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3446426","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4394735545","display_name":"ACM Transactions on Information Systems","issn_l":"1046-8188","issn":["1046-8188","1558-2868"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ACM Transactions on Information Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4","score":0.7799999713897705,"display_name":"Quality Education"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3975272829","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"MOST 107-2218-E-002-061","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322795","funder_display_name":"Ministry of Science and Technology, Taiwan"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322795","display_name":"Ministry of Science and Technology, Taiwan","ror":"https://ror.org/02kv4zf79"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320326644","display_name":"Canada First Research Excellence Fund","ror":null},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334593","display_name":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","ror":"https://ror.org/01h531d29"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":57,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1966093341","https://openalex.org/W1967907280","https://openalex.org/W1991240715","https://openalex.org/W1993378086","https://openalex.org/W1994915827","https://openalex.org/W2079168273","https://openalex.org/W2087131461","https://openalex.org/W2087818911","https://openalex.org/W2091379987","https://openalex.org/W2148972377","https://openalex.org/W2155926818","https://openalex.org/W2157331557","https://openalex.org/W2165698076","https://openalex.org/W2187089797","https://openalex.org/W2257117461","https://openalex.org/W2342707026","https://openalex.org/W2531355666","https://openalex.org/W2590822507","https://openalex.org/W2594229957","https://openalex.org/W2623332973","https://openalex.org/W2739641433","https://openalex.org/W2742113702","https://openalex.org/W2788517680","https://openalex.org/W2798995557","https://openalex.org/W2853631502","https://openalex.org/W2888302696","https://openalex.org/W2889742741","https://openalex.org/W2890961898","https://openalex.org/W2899154813","https://openalex.org/W2901143721","https://openalex.org/W2908332126","https://openalex.org/W2912237282","https://openalex.org/W2945127593","https://openalex.org/W2953565332","https://openalex.org/W2955039979","https://openalex.org/W2955157382","https://openalex.org/W2962770891","https://openalex.org/W2963609889","https://openalex.org/W2970996870","https://openalex.org/W2976882421","https://openalex.org/W2979894627","https://openalex.org/W2981852735","https://openalex.org/W2995200518","https://openalex.org/W2996125274","https://openalex.org/W3012014212","https://openalex.org/W3014434762","https://openalex.org/W3022870761","https://openalex.org/W3027639267","https://openalex.org/W3034912391","https://openalex.org/W3035169992","https://openalex.org/W3039677769","https://openalex.org/W3099446234","https://openalex.org/W3100907046","https://openalex.org/W3115037692","https://openalex.org/W4231856373","https://openalex.org/W4246858749","https://openalex.org/W4288089799"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2030557042","https://openalex.org/W1497216778","https://openalex.org/W2572349046","https://openalex.org/W1981131819","https://openalex.org/W5304494","https://openalex.org/W2017989738","https://openalex.org/W3197639690","https://openalex.org/W2146885082","https://openalex.org/W2171068308","https://openalex.org/W2397627326"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Conversational":[0,183],"search":[1],"plays":[2],"a":[3,67,122],"vital":[4],"role":[5],"in":[6,12,35,169],"conversational":[7,49,56,77,96,104,114],"information":[8,13,22],"seeking.":[9],"As":[10],"queries":[11,97,115,120],"seeking":[14],"dialogues":[15],"are":[16,133],"ambiguous":[17],"for":[18],"traditional":[19],"ad":[20,69],"hoc":[21,70],"retrieval":[23,165],"(IR)":[24],"systems":[25],"due":[26],"to":[27,146,174],"the":[28,92,103,110,129,148,175],"coreference":[29],"and":[30,86,136,142],"omission":[31],"resolution":[32],"problems":[33],"inherent":[34],"natural":[36],"language":[37],"dialogue,":[38],"resolving":[39],"these":[40],"ambiguities":[41,61],"is":[42],"crucial.":[43],"In":[44],"this":[45],"article,":[46],"we":[47,74,94,112,154],"tackle":[48],"passage":[50],"retrieval,":[51],"an":[52],"important":[53,99],"component":[54],"of":[55,128,150,171,178],"search,":[57],"by":[58],"addressing":[59],"query":[60,63,78,89],"with":[62,106,121,159],"reformulation":[64,79],"integrated":[65],"into":[66,116],"multi-stage":[68],"IR":[71],"system.":[72],"Specifically,":[73],"propose":[75,155],"two":[76,130],"(CQR)":[80],"methods:":[81],"(1)":[82],"term":[83],"importance":[84],"estimation":[85],"(2)":[87],"neural":[88],"rewriting.":[90],"For":[91,109],"former,":[93],"expand":[95],"using":[98],"terms":[100,170],"extracted":[101],"from":[102],"context":[105],"frequency-based":[107],"signals.":[108],"latter,":[111],"reformulate":[113],"natural,":[117],"stand-alone,":[118],"human-understandable":[119],"pretrained":[123],"sequence-to-sequence":[124],"model.":[125],"Detailed":[126],"analyses":[127],"CQR":[131,152],"methods":[132],"provided":[134],"quantitatively":[135],"qualitatively,":[137],"explaining":[138],"their":[139,157],"advantages,":[140],"disadvantages,":[141],"distinct":[143],"behaviors.":[144],"Moreover,":[145],"leverage":[147],"strengths":[149],"both":[151],"methods,":[153],"combining":[156],"output":[158],"reciprocal":[160],"rank":[161],"fusion,":[162],"yielding":[163],"state-of-the-art":[164],"effectiveness,":[166],"30%":[167],"improvement":[168],"NDCG@3":[172],"compared":[173],"best":[176],"submission":[177],"Text":[179],"REtrieval":[180],"Conference":[181],"(TREC)":[182],"Assistant":[184],"Track":[185],"(CAsT)":[186],"2019.":[187]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":21},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":6}],"updated_date":"2026-05-21T06:26:12.895304","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
