{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3125961627","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3445814.3446714","title":"Benchmarking, analysis, and optimization of serverless function snapshots","display_name":"Benchmarking, analysis, and optimization of serverless function snapshots","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-04-11","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3125961627","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3445814.3446714","mag":"3125961627"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3445814.3446714","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3445814.3446714","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 26th ACM International Conference on Architectural Support for Programming Languages and Operating Systems","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"preprint","indexed_in":["arxiv","crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2101.09355","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5083116172","display_name":"Dmitrii Ustiugov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3156-010X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I98677209","display_name":"University of Edinburgh","ror":"https://ror.org/01nrxwf90","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I98677209"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dmitrii Ustiugov","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Edinburgh, UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Edinburgh, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98677209"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5109907613","display_name":"Plamen Petrov","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I98677209","display_name":"University of Edinburgh","ror":"https://ror.org/01nrxwf90","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I98677209"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Plamen Petrov","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Edinburgh, UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Edinburgh, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98677209"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5055457000","display_name":"Marios Kogias","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0006-7034-5284"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210164937","display_name":"Microsoft Research (United Kingdom)","ror":"https://ror.org/05k87vq12","country_code":"GB","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1290206253","https://openalex.org/I4210164937"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Marios Kogias","raw_affiliation_strings":["Microsoft Research, UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Microsoft Research, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210164937"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5049034675","display_name":"Edouard Bugnion","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7237-6929"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I5124864","display_name":"\u00c9cole Polytechnique F\u00e9d\u00e9rale de Lausanne","ror":"https://ror.org/02s376052","country_code":"CH","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2799323385","https://openalex.org/I5124864"]}],"countries":["CH"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Edouard Bugnion","raw_affiliation_strings":["EPFL, Switzerland"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"EPFL, Switzerland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I5124864"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5010276850","display_name":"Boris Grot","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6525-0762"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I98677209","display_name":"University of Edinburgh","ror":"https://ror.org/01nrxwf90","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I98677209"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Boris Grot","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Edinburgh, UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Edinburgh, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98677209"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":29.8743,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":153,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99724254,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":99,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"559","last_page":"572"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10101","display_name":"Cloud Computing and Resource Management","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10101","display_name":"Cloud Computing and Resource Management","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10273","display_name":"IoT and Edge/Fog Computing","score":0.9973999857902527,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10742","display_name":"Peer-to-Peer Network Technologies","score":0.9954000115394592,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.82157301902771},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scalability","display_name":"Scalability","score":0.6554600596427917},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/benchmarking","display_name":"Benchmarking","score":0.6366094946861267},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/snapshot","display_name":"Snapshot (computer storage)","score":0.5813583135604858},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operating-system","display_name":"Operating system","score":0.5733975768089294},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/orchestration","display_name":"Orchestration","score":0.5081520080566406},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/function","display_name":"Function (biology)","score":0.49082574248313904},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/latency","display_name":"Latency (audio)","score":0.4852409362792969},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hypervisor","display_name":"Hypervisor","score":0.48241934180259705},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/distributed-computing","display_name":"Distributed computing","score":0.42957356572151184},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cloud-computing","display_name":"Cloud computing","score":0.3930965065956116},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/virtualization","display_name":"Virtualization","score":0.2894144654273987}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.82157301902771},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48044578","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q727490","display_name":"Scalability","level":2,"score":0.6554600596427917},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86251818","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q816754","display_name":"Benchmarking","level":2,"score":0.6366094946861267},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55282118","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q252683","display_name":"Snapshot (computer storage)","level":2,"score":0.5813583135604858},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.5733975768089294},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199168358","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3367000","display_name":"Orchestration","level":3,"score":0.5081520080566406},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C14036430","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3736076","display_name":"Function (biology)","level":2,"score":0.49082574248313904},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C82876162","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17096504","display_name":"Latency (audio)","level":2,"score":0.4852409362792969},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C112904061","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1077480","display_name":"Hypervisor","level":4,"score":0.48241934180259705},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120314980","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180634","display_name":"Distributed computing","level":1,"score":0.42957356572151184},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79974875","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q483639","display_name":"Cloud computing","level":2,"score":0.3930965065956116},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C513985346","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q270471","display_name":"Virtualization","level":3,"score":0.2894144654273987},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153349607","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36649","display_name":"Visual arts","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78458016","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q840400","display_name":"Evolutionary biology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162853370","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39809","display_name":"Marketing","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142362112","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q735","display_name":"Art","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C558565934","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2743","display_name":"Musical","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":6,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/3445814.3446714","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3445814.3446714","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 26th ACM International Conference on Architectural Support for Programming Languages and Operating Systems","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:2101.09355","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/2101.09355","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2101.09355","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:infoscience.epfl.ch:283308","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://infoscience.epfl.ch/record/283308","pdf_url":"https://infoscience.epfl.ch/bitstreams/9211ce95-22d3-44f0-81f0-b8e106980578/download","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400487","display_name":"Infoscience (Ecole Polytechnique F\u00e9d\u00e9rale de Lausanne)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"conference proceedings"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pure.ed.ac.uk:publications/be925aa7-7d54-4fec-bd4d-791609d69a71","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/abs/10.1145/3445814.3446714","pdf_url":"https://www.research.ed.ac.uk/en/publications/be925aa7-7d54-4fec-bd4d-791609d69a71","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400321","display_name":"Edinburgh Research Explorer (University of Edinburgh)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I98677209","host_organization_name":"University of Edinburgh","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I98677209"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":""},{"id":"pmh:oai:pure.ed.ac.uk:publications/be925aa7-7d54-4fec-bd4d-791609d69a71","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.research.ed.ac.uk/en/publications/be925aa7-7d54-4fec-bd4d-791609d69a71","pdf_url":"https://www.research.ed.ac.uk/files/196157766/Benchmarking_USTIUGOV_DOA19112020_AFV.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4406922455","display_name":"Edinburgh Research Explorer","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Ustiugov, D, Petrov, P, Kogias, M, Bugnion, E & Grot, B 2021, Benchmarking, Analysis, and Optimization of Serverless Function Snapshots. in Proceedings of the 26th ACM International Conference on Architectural Support for Programming Languages and Operating Systems (ASPLOS 2021). pp. 559\u2013572, 26th ACM International Conference on Architectural Support for Programming Languages and Operating Systems, Virtual, United States, 19/04/21. https://doi.org/10.1145/3445814.3446714","raw_type":"contributionToPeriodical"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pure.ed.ac.uk:openaire/be925aa7-7d54-4fec-bd4d-791609d69a71","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11820/be925aa7-7d54-4fec-bd4d-791609d69a71","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4406922455","display_name":"Edinburgh Research Explorer","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Ustiugov, D, Petrov, P, Kogias, M, Bugnion, E & Grot, B 2021, Benchmarking, Analysis, and Optimization of Serverless Function Snapshots. in Proceedings of the 26th ACM International Conference on Architectural Support for Programming Languages and Operating Systems (ASPLOS 2021). pp. 559\u2013572, 26th ACM International Conference on Architectural Support for Programming Languages and Operating Systems, Virtual, United States, 19/04/21. https://doi.org/10.1145/3445814.3446714","raw_type":"contributionToPeriodical"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:2101.09355","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/2101.09355","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2101.09355","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9","score":0.6299999952316284,"display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure"}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320310598","display_name":"Amazon Web Services","ror":"https://ror.org/04mv4n011"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320332","display_name":"University of Edinburgh","ror":"https://ror.org/01nrxwf90"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320915","display_name":"\u00c9cole Polytechnique F\u00e9d\u00e9rale de Lausanne","ror":"https://ror.org/02s376052"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":34,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W183305829","https://openalex.org/W1997269120","https://openalex.org/W2031440981","https://openalex.org/W2076745395","https://openalex.org/W2083357144","https://openalex.org/W2100673955","https://openalex.org/W2114882853","https://openalex.org/W2126729142","https://openalex.org/W2131227522","https://openalex.org/W2134939854","https://openalex.org/W2138165844","https://openalex.org/W2417800902","https://openalex.org/W2503806693","https://openalex.org/W2574009340","https://openalex.org/W2761578098","https://openalex.org/W2886464150","https://openalex.org/W2887901326","https://openalex.org/W2932772649","https://openalex.org/W2941974650","https://openalex.org/W2970215440","https://openalex.org/W2985432842","https://openalex.org/W2988514844","https://openalex.org/W3010457348","https://openalex.org/W3010543330","https://openalex.org/W3012028616","https://openalex.org/W3021115254","https://openalex.org/W3042350284","https://openalex.org/W3043807073","https://openalex.org/W3096533337","https://openalex.org/W3121245123","https://openalex.org/W4229751168","https://openalex.org/W4231945399","https://openalex.org/W4287865415","https://openalex.org/W4288083139"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4238897586","https://openalex.org/W435179959","https://openalex.org/W2619091065","https://openalex.org/W2059640416","https://openalex.org/W1490753184","https://openalex.org/W2284465472","https://openalex.org/W2291782699","https://openalex.org/W1993948687","https://openalex.org/W2000169967","https://openalex.org/W4317464050"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Serverless":[0],"computing":[1],"has":[2,67],"seen":[3],"rapid":[4],"adoption":[5],"due":[6],"to":[7,44,53,69,87],"its":[8],"high":[9],"scalability":[10],"and":[11],"flexible,":[12],"pay-as-you-go":[13],"billing":[14],"model.":[15],"In":[16],"serverless,":[17],"developers":[18],"structure":[19],"their":[20],"services":[21],"as":[22],"a":[23,75,83,89],"collection":[24],"of":[25,38,74],"functions,":[26],"sporadically":[27],"invoked":[28],"by":[29],"various":[30],"events":[31],"like":[32],"clicks.":[33],"High":[34],"inter-arrival":[35],"time":[36],"variability":[37],"function":[39,47,77,90],"invocations":[40],"motivates":[41],"the":[42,65],"providers":[43],"start":[45],"new":[46],"instances":[48],"upon":[49],"each":[50],"invocation,":[51],"leading":[52],"significant":[54],"cold-start":[55,63],"delays":[56],"that":[57],"degrade":[58],"user":[59],"experience.":[60],"To":[61],"reduce":[62],"latency,":[64],"industry":[66],"turned":[68],"snapshotting,":[70],"whereby":[71],"an":[72],"image":[73],"fully-booted":[76],"is":[78],"stored":[79],"on":[80],"disk,":[81],"enabling":[82],"faster":[84],"invocation":[85],"compared":[86],"booting":[88],"from":[91],"scratch.":[92]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":13},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":35},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":40},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":29},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":22},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":14}],"updated_date":"2026-06-21T07:57:09.225873","created_date":"2021-02-01T00:00:00"}
