{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3155922894","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3445814.3446702","title":"Gamma: leveraging Gustavson\u2019s algorithm to accelerate sparse matrix multiplication","display_name":"Gamma: leveraging Gustavson\u2019s algorithm to accelerate sparse matrix multiplication","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-04-11","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3155922894","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3445814.3446702","mag":"3155922894"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3445814.3446702","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3445814.3446702","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3445814.3446702","source":null,"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 26th ACM International Conference on Architectural Support for Programming Languages and Operating Systems","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3445814.3446702","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5023364941","display_name":"Guowei Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1034-2306"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I63966007","display_name":"Massachusetts Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/042nb2s44","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I63966007"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Guowei Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Massachusetts Institute of Technology, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Massachusetts Institute of Technology, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I63966007"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5002701525","display_name":"Nithya Attaluri","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9683-914X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I63966007","display_name":"Massachusetts Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/042nb2s44","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I63966007"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Nithya Attaluri","raw_affiliation_strings":["Massachusetts Institute of Technology, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Massachusetts Institute of Technology, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I63966007"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5024384625","display_name":"Joel Emer","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I63966007","display_name":"Massachusetts Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/042nb2s44","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I63966007"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Joel S. Emer","raw_affiliation_strings":["Massachusetts Institute of Technology, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Massachusetts Institute of Technology, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I63966007"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5023312480","display_name":"Daniel S\u00e1nchez","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2453-2904"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I63966007","display_name":"Massachusetts Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/042nb2s44","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I63966007"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Daniel Sanchez","raw_affiliation_strings":["Massachusetts Institute of Technology, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Massachusetts Institute of Technology, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I63966007"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5023364941"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I63966007"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":20.2794,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":141,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99831392,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":97,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"687","last_page":"701"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10054","display_name":"Parallel Computing and Optimization Techniques","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1708","display_name":"Hardware and Architecture"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10054","display_name":"Parallel Computing and Optimization Techniques","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1708","display_name":"Hardware and Architecture"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11181","display_name":"Advanced Data Storage Technologies","score":0.9991000294685364,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10715","display_name":"Distributed and Parallel Computing Systems","score":0.9975000023841858,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dataflow","display_name":"Dataflow","score":0.8663803339004517},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7501883506774902},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sparse-matrix","display_name":"Sparse matrix","score":0.6536282300949097},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/matrix-multiplication","display_name":"Matrix multiplication","score":0.6341657042503357},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reuse","display_name":"Reuse","score":0.6256971955299377},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/parallel-computing","display_name":"Parallel computing","score":0.5734374523162842},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/multiplication","display_name":"Multiplication (music)","score":0.5715216398239136},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/matrix","display_name":"Matrix (chemical analysis)","score":0.5245923399925232},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/range","display_name":"Range (aeronautics)","score":0.45337340235710144},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.3966425061225891},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.09096130728721619},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.08360016345977783},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quantum","display_name":"Quantum","score":0.07661953568458557},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/materials-science","display_name":"Materials science","score":0.07081136107444763}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C96324660","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205446","display_name":"Dataflow","level":2,"score":0.8663803339004517},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7501883506774902},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C56372850","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1050404","display_name":"Sparse matrix","level":3,"score":0.6536282300949097},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17349429","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1049914","display_name":"Matrix multiplication","level":3,"score":0.6341657042503357},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C206588197","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q846574","display_name":"Reuse","level":2,"score":0.6256971955299377},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C173608175","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q232661","display_name":"Parallel computing","level":1,"score":0.5734374523162842},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780595030","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3860309","display_name":"Multiplication (music)","level":2,"score":0.5715216398239136},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C106487976","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q685816","display_name":"Matrix (chemical analysis)","level":2,"score":0.5245923399925232},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204323151","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q905424","display_name":"Range (aeronautics)","level":2,"score":0.45337340235710144},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.3966425061225891},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.09096130728721619},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.08360016345977783},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C84114770","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q46344","display_name":"Quantum","level":2,"score":0.07661953568458557},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.07081136107444763},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C146978453","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3798668","display_name":"Aerospace engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163716315","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q901177","display_name":"Gaussian","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C114614502","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q76592","display_name":"Combinatorics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159985019","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181790","display_name":"Composite material","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C548081761","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180388","display_name":"Waste management","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/3445814.3446702","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3445814.3446702","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3445814.3446702","source":null,"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 26th ACM International Conference on Architectural Support for Programming Languages and Operating Systems","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:dspace.mit.edu:1721.1/145981","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/145981","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400425","display_name":"DSpace@MIT (Massachusetts Institute of Technology)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I63966007","host_organization_name":"Massachusetts Institute of Technology","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I63966007"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-nc","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"ACM|Architectural Support for Programming Languages and Operating Systems","raw_type":"http://purl.org/eprint/type/ConferencePaper"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3445814.3446702","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3445814.3446702","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3445814.3446702","source":null,"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 26th ACM International Conference on Architectural Support for Programming Languages and Operating Systems","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.5199999809265137,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/1","display_name":"No poverty"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6650245637","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"HR0011-18-3-0007","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332180","funder_display_name":"Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8359315901","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2020-AH-2985","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306087","funder_display_name":"Semiconductor Research Corporation"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306087","display_name":"Semiconductor Research Corporation","ror":"https://ror.org/047z4n946"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332180","display_name":"Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency","ror":"https://ror.org/02caytj08"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3155922894.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3155922894.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":61,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W182691100","https://openalex.org/W1515144947","https://openalex.org/W1526797232","https://openalex.org/W1665157575","https://openalex.org/W1735172278","https://openalex.org/W1980282429","https://openalex.org/W1985263109","https://openalex.org/W2007259720","https://openalex.org/W2010370862","https://openalex.org/W2029577083","https://openalex.org/W2029852131","https://openalex.org/W2037392185","https://openalex.org/W2089437293","https://openalex.org/W2089939118","https://openalex.org/W2093825995","https://openalex.org/W2095420020","https://openalex.org/W2096169320","https://openalex.org/W2099625934","https://openalex.org/W2099912705","https://openalex.org/W2114977680","https://openalex.org/W2152144380","https://openalex.org/W2152839228","https://openalex.org/W2170546376","https://openalex.org/W2235832317","https://openalex.org/W2292193262","https://openalex.org/W2298920323","https://openalex.org/W2444127451","https://openalex.org/W2513419314","https://openalex.org/W2624789998","https://openalex.org/W2625457103","https://openalex.org/W2626696598","https://openalex.org/W2725159389","https://openalex.org/W2755087487","https://openalex.org/W2794952988","https://openalex.org/W2796095821","https://openalex.org/W2889082215","https://openalex.org/W2914631005","https://openalex.org/W2921480401","https://openalex.org/W2940862705","https://openalex.org/W2952598959","https://openalex.org/W2963594949","https://openalex.org/W2979310060","https://openalex.org/W2979707853","https://openalex.org/W2979747168","https://openalex.org/W2980113464","https://openalex.org/W2980119420","https://openalex.org/W2999347085","https://openalex.org/W2999521721","https://openalex.org/W3016542674","https://openalex.org/W3016832937","https://openalex.org/W3022326557","https://openalex.org/W3098389819","https://openalex.org/W3101346938","https://openalex.org/W3103168911","https://openalex.org/W4210896998","https://openalex.org/W4213135654","https://openalex.org/W4232006005","https://openalex.org/W4255450819","https://openalex.org/W4300171661","https://openalex.org/W4389615664","https://openalex.org/W6734137450"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4287593139","https://openalex.org/W3099313426","https://openalex.org/W2086146848","https://openalex.org/W4206811032","https://openalex.org/W4318347836","https://openalex.org/W2995605830","https://openalex.org/W4239424132","https://openalex.org/W2596457687","https://openalex.org/W3212757063","https://openalex.org/W2086123442"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Sparse":[0],"matrix-sparse":[1],"matrix":[2],"multiplication":[3],"(spMspM)":[4],"is":[5,20],"at":[6],"the":[7],"heart":[8],"of":[9,13],"a":[10],"wide":[11],"range":[12],"scientific":[14],"and":[15,48],"machine":[16],"learning":[17],"applications.":[18],"spMspM":[19,30,61],"inefficient":[21],"on":[22],"general-purpose":[23],"architectures,":[24],"making":[25],"accelerators":[26,31,53,78],"attractive.":[27],"However,":[28],"prior":[29,52,77],"use":[32],"inner-":[33],"or":[34,41],"outer-product":[35],"dataflows":[36],"that":[37,63,76],"suffer":[38,66],"poor":[39,49],"input":[40],"output":[42],"reuse,":[43],"leading":[44],"to":[45],"high":[46],"traffic":[47],"performance.":[50],"These":[51],"have":[54],"not":[55,65,80],"explored":[56],"Gustavson's":[57],"algorithm,":[58],"an":[59],"alternative":[60],"dataflow":[62],"does":[64],"from":[67],"these":[68],"problems":[69],"but":[70],"features":[71],"irregular":[72],"memory":[73],"access":[74],"patterns":[75],"do":[79],"support.":[81]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":48},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":29},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":32},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":20},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":5}],"updated_date":"2026-04-10T15:06:20.359241","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
