{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3146962315","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3444884.3444895","title":"Optimization of Acoustic Noise for Single-Shot Echo-Planar Imaging by Varying Echo Spacing","display_name":"Optimization of Acoustic Noise for Single-Shot Echo-Planar Imaging by Varying Echo Spacing","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-11-06","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3146962315","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3444884.3444895","mag":"3146962315"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3444884.3444895","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3444884.3444895","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2020 7th International Conference on Biomedical and Bioinformatics Engineering","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5109454309","display_name":"Zhenliang Lin","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I183067930","display_name":"Shanghai Jiao Tong University","ror":"https://ror.org/0220qvk04","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I183067930"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Zhenliang Lin","raw_affiliation_strings":["Shanghai Jiao Tong University, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Shanghai Jiao Tong University, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I183067930"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5056392817","display_name":"Qikang Li","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I183067930","display_name":"Shanghai Jiao Tong University","ror":"https://ror.org/0220qvk04","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I183067930"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Qikang Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["Shanghai Jiao Tong University, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Shanghai Jiao Tong University, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I183067930"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100431122","display_name":"Rui Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6403-2499"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210135459","display_name":"United Imaging Healthcare (China)","ror":"https://ror.org/03qqw3m37","country_code":"CN","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210135459"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Rui Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Shanghai United Imaging Healthcare Co. Ltd., China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Shanghai United Imaging Healthcare Co. Ltd., China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210135459"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5025434335","display_name":"Guobin Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1307-9507"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210135459","display_name":"United Imaging Healthcare (China)","ror":"https://ror.org/03qqw3m37","country_code":"CN","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210135459"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Guobin Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["Shanghai United Imaging Healthcare Co. Ltd., China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Shanghai United Imaging Healthcare Co. Ltd., China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210135459"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5049349877","display_name":"Jie Luo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0543-4778"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I183067930","display_name":"Shanghai Jiao Tong University","ror":"https://ror.org/0220qvk04","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I183067930"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jie Luo","raw_affiliation_strings":["Shanghai Jiao Tong University, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Shanghai Jiao Tong University, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I183067930"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5109454309"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I183067930"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":2,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.26251989,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":99,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"59","last_page":"65"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10378","display_name":"Advanced MRI Techniques and Applications","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2741","display_name":"Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10378","display_name":"Advanced MRI Techniques and Applications","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2741","display_name":"Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10727","display_name":"Ultrasound Imaging and Elastography","score":0.9973999857902527,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2741","display_name":"Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12015","display_name":"Photoacoustic and Ultrasonic Imaging","score":0.9973000288009644,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/acoustics","display_name":"Acoustics","score":0.6560200452804565},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sound-pressure","display_name":"Sound pressure","score":0.6172711253166199},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/timbre","display_name":"Timbre","score":0.6041211485862732},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/waveform","display_name":"Waveform","score":0.6006930470466614},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/loudness","display_name":"Loudness","score":0.5524812340736389},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/noise","display_name":"Noise (video)","score":0.4847547709941864},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pulse-sequence","display_name":"Pulse sequence","score":0.4530493915081024},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.45297566056251526},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.36022770404815674},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/speech-recognition","display_name":"Speech recognition","score":0.3247070014476776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nuclear-magnetic-resonance","display_name":"Nuclear magnetic resonance","score":0.32463985681533813},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.2729344666004181},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.09462830424308777}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24890656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q82811","display_name":"Acoustics","level":1,"score":0.6560200452804565},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C68115822","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1068172","display_name":"Sound pressure","level":2,"score":0.6172711253166199},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776539107","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176501","display_name":"Timbre","level":3,"score":0.6041211485862732},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C197424946","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1165717","display_name":"Waveform","level":3,"score":0.6006930470466614},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79018884","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q622324","display_name":"Loudness","level":2,"score":0.5524812340736389},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99498987","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2210247","display_name":"Noise (video)","level":3,"score":0.4847547709941864},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C182155053","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7259682","display_name":"Pulse sequence","level":2,"score":0.4530493915081024},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.45297566056251526},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.36022770404815674},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28490314","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189436","display_name":"Speech recognition","level":1,"score":0.3247070014476776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C46141821","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q209402","display_name":"Nuclear magnetic resonance","level":1,"score":0.32463985681533813},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.2729344666004181},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.09462830424308777},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C554190296","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47528","display_name":"Radar","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142362112","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q735","display_name":"Art","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153349607","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36649","display_name":"Visual arts","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C558565934","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2743","display_name":"Musical","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/3444884.3444895","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3444884.3444895","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2020 7th International Conference on Biomedical and Bioinformatics Engineering","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G370508239","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2017YFC0109002","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320309618","funder_display_name":"Ministry of Science and Technology"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320309618","display_name":"Ministry of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/02b207r52"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":36,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W591494742","https://openalex.org/W1595804070","https://openalex.org/W1976075573","https://openalex.org/W1982374265","https://openalex.org/W1984340931","https://openalex.org/W1990045829","https://openalex.org/W1991015164","https://openalex.org/W1995690755","https://openalex.org/W1995875735","https://openalex.org/W2002775053","https://openalex.org/W2012856073","https://openalex.org/W2020955174","https://openalex.org/W2031213426","https://openalex.org/W2034462227","https://openalex.org/W2036515015","https://openalex.org/W2039186670","https://openalex.org/W2065427102","https://openalex.org/W2074196650","https://openalex.org/W2077961543","https://openalex.org/W2081805514","https://openalex.org/W2094002445","https://openalex.org/W2099944953","https://openalex.org/W2126588726","https://openalex.org/W2128536883","https://openalex.org/W2130902613","https://openalex.org/W2133503794","https://openalex.org/W2141167795","https://openalex.org/W2146481498","https://openalex.org/W2157381680","https://openalex.org/W2170643890","https://openalex.org/W2327358055","https://openalex.org/W2626216707","https://openalex.org/W2636934219","https://openalex.org/W2890782299","https://openalex.org/W2992759763","https://openalex.org/W4234695040"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1107690805","https://openalex.org/W2097318409","https://openalex.org/W2739662815","https://openalex.org/W2089534070","https://openalex.org/W2032218600","https://openalex.org/W2089520541","https://openalex.org/W2090838778","https://openalex.org/W2131053950","https://openalex.org/W2364181030","https://openalex.org/W2035048239"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Single-shot":[0],"echoplanar":[1],"imaging":[2,14],"(EPI)":[3],"sequence":[4,111],"is":[5],"a":[6,20,50,121],"commonly-used":[7],"readout":[8,118],"scheme":[9],"for":[10,33,39,108],"functional":[11],"magnetic":[12],"resonance":[13],"(fMRI).":[15],"It":[16],"acquires":[17],"signal":[18],"in":[19],"short":[21],"period":[22],"of":[23,52,78,116],"time":[24],"with":[25,120,128,141],"loud":[26],"acoustic":[27],"noise,":[28],"which":[29],"could":[30],"cause":[31],"discomfort":[32],"patients":[34],"and":[35,68,82,90,105,131],"even":[36],"pose":[37],"risk":[38],"sensitive":[40],"populations,":[41],"as":[42,44],"well":[43],"confound":[45],"auditory":[46],"fMRI":[47],"studies.":[48],"Though":[49],"variety":[51],"attempts":[53],"have":[54],"been":[55],"made":[56],"toward":[57],"quiet":[58],"EPI":[59,110,146],"scans,":[60],"none":[61],"has":[62],"considered":[63],"both":[64,101],"the":[65,69,76,114,125],"noise":[66,91],"level":[67,89,104],"timbre.":[70],"In":[71],"this":[72],"study,":[73],"we":[74],"investigated":[75],"effect":[77],"varying":[79,113],"echo":[80],"spacing":[81],"modified":[83],"gradient":[84],"waveform":[85],"on":[86],"sound":[87,102],"pressure":[88,103],"spectral":[92,106],"entropy.":[93],"We":[94],"then":[95],"used":[96],"genetic":[97],"algorithm":[98],"to":[99],"optimize":[100],"entropy":[107,130],"single-shot":[109],"by":[112,144],"duration":[115],"each":[117],"unit":[119],"sinusoidal":[122],"waveform,":[123],"changing":[124],"timbre":[126],"significantly":[127],"increased":[129],"reduced":[132],"loudness.":[133],"The":[134],"resulting":[135],"image":[136],"quality":[137],"were":[138],"also":[139],"compared":[140],"images":[142],"obtained":[143],"standard":[145],"sequence.":[147]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-02-28T09:26:25.869077","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}