{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3165543199","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3442442.3452328","title":"How does Truth Evolve into Fake News? An Empirical Study of Fake News Evolution","display_name":"How does Truth Evolve into Fake News? An Empirical Study of Fake News Evolution","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-04-19","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3165543199","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3442442.3452328","mag":"3165543199"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3442442.3452328","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3442442.3452328","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306506652","display_name":"Companion Proceedings of the Web Conference 2021","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"conference"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Companion Proceedings of the Web Conference 2021","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3442442.3452328","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5067756950","display_name":"Mingfei Guo","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I20231570","display_name":"Peking University","ror":"https://ror.org/02v51f717","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I20231570"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Mingfei Guo","raw_affiliation_strings":["Peking University, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Peking University, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I20231570"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5110999110","display_name":"Xiuying Chen","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I20231570","display_name":"Peking University","ror":"https://ror.org/02v51f717","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I20231570"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiuying Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Peking University, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Peking University, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I20231570"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100657514","display_name":"Juntao Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6286-7529"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3923682","display_name":"Soochow University","ror":"https://ror.org/05t8y2r12","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I3923682"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Juntao Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["Soochow University, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Soochow University, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3923682"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5037132097","display_name":"Dongyan Zhao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0396-6703"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I20231570","display_name":"Peking University","ror":"https://ror.org/02v51f717","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I20231570"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dongyan Zhao","raw_affiliation_strings":["Peking University, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Peking University, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I20231570"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100716372","display_name":"Rui Yan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3356-6823"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I78988378","display_name":"Renmin University of China","ror":"https://ror.org/041pakw92","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I78988378"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Rui Yan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Renmin University of China, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Renmin University of China, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I78988378"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5067756950"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I20231570"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":3.0101,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":8,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.9226214,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"407","last_page":"411"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11147","display_name":"Misinformation and Its Impacts","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11147","display_name":"Misinformation and Its Impacts","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11644","display_name":"Spam and Phishing Detection","score":0.9930999875068665,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10028","display_name":"Topic Modeling","score":0.9853000044822693,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/disinformation","display_name":"Disinformation","score":0.8648252487182617},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fake-news","display_name":"Fake news","score":0.8350792527198792},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7763127684593201},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/deception","display_name":"Deception","score":0.7116714715957642},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/process","display_name":"Process (computing)","score":0.5743829011917114},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/similarity","display_name":"Similarity (geometry)","score":0.5684153437614441},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/the-internet","display_name":"The Internet","score":0.4294366240501404},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.3669518828392029},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/social-media","display_name":"Social media","score":0.3319770097732544},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/internet-privacy","display_name":"Internet privacy","score":0.18347612023353577},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/world-wide-web","display_name":"World Wide Web","score":0.14736074209213257},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psychology","display_name":"Psychology","score":0.07092586159706116}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776552730","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189656","display_name":"Disinformation","level":3,"score":0.8648252487182617},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779756789","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q28549308","display_name":"Fake news","level":2,"score":0.8350792527198792},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7763127684593201},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779267917","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q170028","display_name":"Deception","level":2,"score":0.7116714715957642},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98045186","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205663","display_name":"Process (computing)","level":2,"score":0.5743829011917114},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C103278499","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q254465","display_name":"Similarity (geometry)","level":3,"score":0.5684153437614441},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C110875604","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q75","display_name":"The Internet","level":2,"score":0.4294366240501404},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.3669518828392029},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C518677369","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q202833","display_name":"Social media","level":2,"score":0.3319770097732544},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108827166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175975","display_name":"Internet privacy","level":1,"score":0.18347612023353577},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136764020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466","display_name":"World Wide Web","level":1,"score":0.14736074209213257},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.07092586159706116},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77805123","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161272","display_name":"Social psychology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/3442442.3452328","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3442442.3452328","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306506652","display_name":"Companion Proceedings of the Web Conference 2021","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"conference"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Companion Proceedings of the Web Conference 2021","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3442442.3452328","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3442442.3452328","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306506652","display_name":"Companion Proceedings of the Web Conference 2021","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"conference"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Companion Proceedings of the Web Conference 2021","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","score":0.75}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":31,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1687036045","https://openalex.org/W1975594555","https://openalex.org/W1988790447","https://openalex.org/W2066424048","https://openalex.org/W2077242625","https://openalex.org/W2084591134","https://openalex.org/W2105989239","https://openalex.org/W2124821580","https://openalex.org/W2142869398","https://openalex.org/W2158018156","https://openalex.org/W2296706733","https://openalex.org/W2577716227","https://openalex.org/W2751589903","https://openalex.org/W2790757032","https://openalex.org/W2911964244","https://openalex.org/W2940098188","https://openalex.org/W2947813521","https://openalex.org/W2949813784","https://openalex.org/W2950577311","https://openalex.org/W2966006818","https://openalex.org/W2967393046","https://openalex.org/W2970487286","https://openalex.org/W2970716846","https://openalex.org/W2978871345","https://openalex.org/W2996635575","https://openalex.org/W3002010678","https://openalex.org/W3031781733","https://openalex.org/W3090556797","https://openalex.org/W3121975822","https://openalex.org/W4248437541","https://openalex.org/W4293159471"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3120934925","https://openalex.org/W4283756172","https://openalex.org/W3206164673","https://openalex.org/W3126983531","https://openalex.org/W3188086985","https://openalex.org/W2946560144","https://openalex.org/W3025084970","https://openalex.org/W3111061658","https://openalex.org/W3012748561","https://openalex.org/W4206984011"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Automatically":[0],"identifying":[1],"fake":[2,33,43,63,95,100],"news":[3,16,44,64],"from":[4],"the":[5,27,36,47,52,62,82,87,92,94,98,104,107,112],"Internet":[6],"is":[7,17,69],"a":[8,58],"challenging":[9],"problem":[10],"in":[11],"deception":[12],"detection":[13],"tasks.":[14],"Online":[15],"modified":[18],"constantly":[19],"during":[20,106],"its":[21],"propagation,":[22],"e.g.,":[23],"malicious":[24],"users":[25],"distort":[26],"original":[28,48],"truth":[29],"and":[30,45,97,109,125],"make":[31],"up":[32],"news.":[34,101],"However,":[35],"continuous":[37],"evolution":[38,65,88,108],"process":[39],"would":[40],"generate":[41],"unprecedented":[42],"cheat":[46],"model.":[49],"We":[50,102],"present":[51],"Fake":[53],"News":[54],"Evolution":[55],"(FNE)":[56],"dataset:":[57],"new":[59],"dataset":[60,68],"tracking":[61],"process.":[66],"Our":[67],"composed":[70],"of":[71,76,79,86,123],"950":[72],"paired":[73],"data,":[74],"each":[75],"which":[77,90],"consists":[78],"articles":[80],"representing":[81],"three":[83],"significant":[84],"phases":[85],"process,":[89],"are":[91,111],"truth,":[93],"news,":[96],"evolved":[99],"observe":[103],"features":[105],"they":[110],"disinformation":[113],"techniques,":[114],"text":[115],"similarity,":[116],"top":[117],"10":[118],"keywords,":[119],"classification":[120],"accuracy,":[121],"parts":[122],"speech,":[124],"sentiment":[126],"properties.":[127]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}