{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3134156870","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3442379","title":"TAAL","display_name":"TAAL","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-03-09","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3134156870","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3442379","mag":"3134156870"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3442379","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3442379","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S105046310","display_name":"ACM Transactions on Design Automation of Electronic Systems","issn_l":"1084-4309","issn":["1084-4309","1557-7309"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319798","host_organization_name":"Association for Computing Machinery","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319798"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computing Machinery"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ACM Transactions on Design Automation of Electronic Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103952285","display_name":"Ayush Jain","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I82497590","display_name":"Auburn University","ror":"https://ror.org/02v80fc35","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I82497590"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ayush Jain","raw_affiliation_strings":["Auburn University, Auburn, AL, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Auburn University, Auburn, AL, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I82497590"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5040545966","display_name":"Ziqi Zhou","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0861-1805"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I82497590","display_name":"Auburn University","ror":"https://ror.org/02v80fc35","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I82497590"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ziqi Zhou","raw_affiliation_strings":["Auburn University, Auburn, AL, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Auburn University, Auburn, AL, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I82497590"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5079601863","display_name":"Ujjwal Guin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4819-8728"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I82497590","display_name":"Auburn University","ror":"https://ror.org/02v80fc35","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I82497590"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ujjwal Guin","raw_affiliation_strings":["Auburn University, Auburn, AL, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Auburn University, Auburn, AL, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I82497590"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I82497590"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":4.7661,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":30,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.95636773,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"26","issue":"4","first_page":"1","last_page":"22"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12122","display_name":"Physical Unclonable Functions (PUFs) and Hardware Security","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1708","display_name":"Hardware and Architecture"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12122","display_name":"Physical Unclonable Functions (PUFs) and Hardware Security","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1708","display_name":"Hardware and Architecture"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14117","display_name":"Integrated Circuits and Semiconductor Failure Analysis","score":0.9948999881744385,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11601","display_name":"Neuroscience and Neural Engineering","score":0.948199987411499,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2804","display_name":"Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/netlist","display_name":"Netlist","score":0.8433887958526611},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hardware-trojan","display_name":"Hardware Trojan","score":0.8063334226608276},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/trojan","display_name":"Trojan","score":0.7596696615219116},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7449086904525757},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/adversary","display_name":"Adversary","score":0.6165997385978699},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/key","display_name":"Key (lock)","score":0.5917559266090393},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/embedded-system","display_name":"Embedded system","score":0.5388277769088745},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.5080685615539551},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hardware-security-module","display_name":"Hardware security module","score":0.4464688003063202},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/outsourcing","display_name":"Outsourcing","score":0.43726468086242676},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/integrated-circuit","display_name":"Integrated circuit","score":0.4229468107223511},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cryptography","display_name":"Cryptography","score":0.3314546048641205},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operating-system","display_name":"Operating system","score":0.29336732625961304}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177650935","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1760303","display_name":"Netlist","level":2,"score":0.8433887958526611},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780873074","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5656397","display_name":"Hardware Trojan","level":3,"score":0.8063334226608276},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C174333608","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q19635","display_name":"Trojan","level":2,"score":0.7596696615219116},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7449086904525757},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41065033","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2825412","display_name":"Adversary","level":2,"score":0.6165997385978699},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26517878","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228039","display_name":"Key (lock)","level":2,"score":0.5917559266090393},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149635348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193040","display_name":"Embedded system","level":1,"score":0.5388277769088745},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.5080685615539551},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39217717","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1432354","display_name":"Hardware security module","level":3,"score":0.4464688003063202},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C46934059","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q61515","display_name":"Outsourcing","level":2,"score":0.43726468086242676},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C530198007","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q80831","display_name":"Integrated circuit","level":2,"score":0.4229468107223511},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178489894","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8789","display_name":"Cryptography","level":2,"score":0.3314546048641205},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.29336732625961304},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/3442379","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3442379","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S105046310","display_name":"ACM Transactions on Design Automation of Electronic Systems","issn_l":"1084-4309","issn":["1084-4309","1557-7309"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319798","host_organization_name":"Association for Computing Machinery","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319798"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computing Machinery"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ACM Transactions on Design Automation of Electronic Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":80,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W283009591","https://openalex.org/W1521839253","https://openalex.org/W1524250393","https://openalex.org/W1547964945","https://openalex.org/W1565539145","https://openalex.org/W1567056061","https://openalex.org/W1591013007","https://openalex.org/W1595368737","https://openalex.org/W1605172130","https://openalex.org/W1976955200","https://openalex.org/W1988381220","https://openalex.org/W1989761413","https://openalex.org/W1992964615","https://openalex.org/W1994870682","https://openalex.org/W2001441503","https://openalex.org/W2001802315","https://openalex.org/W2008819052","https://openalex.org/W2012032225","https://openalex.org/W2014066342","https://openalex.org/W2015507297","https://openalex.org/W2026936612","https://openalex.org/W2055907668","https://openalex.org/W2063615695","https://openalex.org/W2065858973","https://openalex.org/W2067276029","https://openalex.org/W2067651963","https://openalex.org/W2071616411","https://openalex.org/W2084680145","https://openalex.org/W2092545762","https://openalex.org/W2107019053","https://openalex.org/W2108987401","https://openalex.org/W2116590916","https://openalex.org/W2124954128","https://openalex.org/W2125129715","https://openalex.org/W2138039798","https://openalex.org/W2142135738","https://openalex.org/W2145937629","https://openalex.org/W2151668694","https://openalex.org/W2153622528","https://openalex.org/W2155298431","https://openalex.org/W2157661732","https://openalex.org/W2161998562","https://openalex.org/W2171895536","https://openalex.org/W2185857575","https://openalex.org/W2285261652","https://openalex.org/W2293877751","https://openalex.org/W2343475170","https://openalex.org/W2400748972","https://openalex.org/W2419784917","https://openalex.org/W2499445168","https://openalex.org/W2511192821","https://openalex.org/W2531534636","https://openalex.org/W2535919346","https://openalex.org/W2615060729","https://openalex.org/W2708742051","https://openalex.org/W2738836551","https://openalex.org/W2739579953","https://openalex.org/W2741711485","https://openalex.org/W2759901721","https://openalex.org/W2762256361","https://openalex.org/W2766393343","https://openalex.org/W2790282160","https://openalex.org/W2791567389","https://openalex.org/W2796063152","https://openalex.org/W2808465023","https://openalex.org/W2883405144","https://openalex.org/W2911099519","https://openalex.org/W2939317834","https://openalex.org/W2945793150","https://openalex.org/W2951100468","https://openalex.org/W2964265626","https://openalex.org/W2969353795","https://openalex.org/W2985665839","https://openalex.org/W3115465877","https://openalex.org/W3144121041","https://openalex.org/W3150532282","https://openalex.org/W3207160674","https://openalex.org/W4231025618","https://openalex.org/W4237709604","https://openalex.org/W4301336690"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2795151239","https://openalex.org/W2800991926","https://openalex.org/W2724859555","https://openalex.org/W3160241274","https://openalex.org/W2536483783","https://openalex.org/W3040363299","https://openalex.org/W3114336057","https://openalex.org/W2756672502","https://openalex.org/W2903337714","https://openalex.org/W2104671161"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Due":[0],"to":[1,94,139,162,203,217],"the":[2,10,17,29,73,80,87,116,132,136,150,156,185,189,219],"globalization":[3],"of":[4,28,33,45,48,53,75,82,152,172,209,213],"semiconductor":[5],"manufacturing":[6,32,197],"and":[7,20,31,51,191],"test":[8],"processes,":[9],"system-on-a-chip":[11],"(SoC)":[12],"designers":[13],"no":[14],"longer":[15],"design":[16,30,154],"complete":[18],"SoC":[19],"manufacture":[21],"chips":[22],"on":[23,115,126],"their":[24],"own.":[25],"This":[26,120],"outsourcing":[27],"Integrated":[34],"Circuits":[35],"(ICs)":[36],"has":[37,59],"resulted":[38],"in":[39,131],"several":[40],"threats,":[41],"such":[42,164],"as":[43,61],"overproduction":[44],"ICs,":[46,50],"sale":[47],"out-of-specification/rejected":[49],"piracy":[52],"Intellectual":[54],"Properties":[55],"(IPs).":[56],"Logic":[57],"locking":[58,84,111],"emerged":[60],"a":[62,103,128,153,165,210],"promising":[63],"defense":[64],"strategy":[65],"against":[66],"these":[67],"threats.":[68],"However,":[69],"various":[70],"attacks":[71,174],"about":[72],"extraction":[74],"secret":[76,118,137,180],"keys":[77],"have":[78,90,183],"undermined":[79],"security":[81],"logic":[83,110],"techniques.":[85],"Over":[86],"years,":[88],"researchers":[89],"proposed":[91,121,170],"different":[92],"techniques":[93,112],"prevent":[95],"existing":[96],"attacks.":[97],"In":[98],"this":[99],"article,":[100],"we":[101],"propose":[102],"novel":[104],"attack":[105,123],"that":[106,113,195],"can":[107,148,175],"break":[108],"any":[109],"rely":[114],"stored":[117],"key.":[119],"TAAL":[122,173,220],"is":[124,160],"based":[125],"implanting":[127],"hardware":[129,166,193,206],"Trojan":[130,207],"netlist,":[133],"which":[134],"leaks":[135],"key":[138],"an":[140,145],"adversary":[141,200],"once":[142],"activated.":[143],"As":[144],"untrusted":[146],"foundry":[147],"extract":[149],"netlist":[151],"from":[155],"layout/mask":[157],"information,":[158],"it":[159],"feasible":[161],"implement":[163],"Trojan.":[167],"All":[168],"three":[169],"types":[171],"be":[176],"used":[177],"for":[178,187],"extracting":[179],"keys.":[181],"We":[182],"introduced":[184],"models":[186],"both":[188],"combinational":[190],"sequential":[192],"Trojans":[194,216],"evade":[196],"tests.":[198],"An":[199],"only":[201],"needs":[202],"choose":[204],"one":[205],"out":[208],"large":[211],"set":[212],"all":[214],"possible":[215],"launch":[218],"attack.":[221]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":5}],"updated_date":"2026-05-21T06:26:12.895304","created_date":"2021-03-15T00:00:00"}