{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3124558017","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3442188.3445905","title":"Designing Accountable Systems","display_name":"Designing Accountable Systems","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-02-25","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3124558017","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3442188.3445905","mag":"3124558017"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3442188.3445905","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3442188.3445905","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 2021 ACM Conference on Fairness, Accountability, and Transparency","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["arxiv","crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2101.08102","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5064830294","display_name":"Severin Kacianka","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2546-3031"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I62916508","display_name":"Technical University of Munich","ror":"https://ror.org/02kkvpp62","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I62916508"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Severin Kacianka","raw_affiliation_strings":["Technical University of Munich, Garching, Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Technical University of Munich, Garching, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I62916508"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5002011805","display_name":"Alexander Pretschner","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5573-1201"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I62916508","display_name":"Technical University of Munich","ror":"https://ror.org/02kkvpp62","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I62916508"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Alexander Pretschner","raw_affiliation_strings":["Technical University of Munich, Garching, Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Technical University of Munich, Garching, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I62916508"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I62916508"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":4.0349,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":25,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.95226586,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"424","last_page":"437"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10883","display_name":"Ethics and Social Impacts of AI","score":0.9988999962806702,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3311","display_name":"Safety Research"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10883","display_name":"Ethics and Social Impacts of AI","score":0.9988999962806702,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3311","display_name":"Safety Research"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11689","display_name":"Adversarial Robustness in Machine Learning","score":0.9706000089645386,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12026","display_name":"Explainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI)","score":0.96670001745224,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/accountability","display_name":"Accountability","score":0.9479167461395264},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6351868510246277},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/property","display_name":"Property (philosophy)","score":0.5154862999916077},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software","display_name":"Software","score":0.4925737977027893},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software-system","display_name":"Software system","score":0.48229411244392395},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/risk-analysis","display_name":"Risk analysis (engineering)","score":0.4593852162361145},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/face","display_name":"Face (sociological concept)","score":0.4397626221179962},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.3994329571723938},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/management-science","display_name":"Management science","score":0.3816041350364685},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software-engineering","display_name":"Software engineering","score":0.36282438039779663},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.24354740977287292},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/business","display_name":"Business","score":0.1340521275997162},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/political-science","display_name":"Political science","score":0.11670982837677002},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/programming-language","display_name":"Programming language","score":0.10873126983642578},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sociology","display_name":"Sociology","score":0.10477173328399658},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/law","display_name":"Law","score":0.09883013367652893},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/epistemology","display_name":"Epistemology","score":0.09164497256278992}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776007630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2798912","display_name":"Accountability","level":2,"score":0.9479167461395264},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6351868510246277},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C189950617","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q937228","display_name":"Property (philosophy)","level":2,"score":0.5154862999916077},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777904410","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7397","display_name":"Software","level":2,"score":0.4925737977027893},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149091818","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2429814","display_name":"Software system","level":3,"score":0.48229411244392395},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C112930515","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4389547","display_name":"Risk analysis (engineering)","level":1,"score":0.4593852162361145},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779304628","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3503480","display_name":"Face (sociological concept)","level":2,"score":0.4397626221179962},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.3994329571723938},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C539667460","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2414942","display_name":"Management science","level":1,"score":0.3816041350364685},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115903868","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q80993","display_name":"Software engineering","level":1,"score":0.36282438039779663},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.24354740977287292},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.1340521275997162},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.11670982837677002},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.10873126983642578},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.10477173328399658},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.09883013367652893},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111472728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9471","display_name":"Epistemology","level":1,"score":0.09164497256278992},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36289849","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q34749","display_name":"Social science","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/3442188.3445905","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3442188.3445905","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 2021 ACM Conference on Fairness, Accountability, and Transparency","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:2101.08102","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/2101.08102","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2101.08102","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:2101.08102","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/2101.08102","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2101.08102","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","score":0.7599999904632568}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":67,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W761508262","https://openalex.org/W1579308153","https://openalex.org/W1605885448","https://openalex.org/W1636554345","https://openalex.org/W1709414455","https://openalex.org/W1836311887","https://openalex.org/W1976787862","https://openalex.org/W1985563148","https://openalex.org/W2024994409","https://openalex.org/W2028234853","https://openalex.org/W2062594082","https://openalex.org/W2105021551","https://openalex.org/W2111061246","https://openalex.org/W2139233234","https://openalex.org/W2143891888","https://openalex.org/W2148223342","https://openalex.org/W2163686868","https://openalex.org/W2170791820","https://openalex.org/W2207050201","https://openalex.org/W2332851105","https://openalex.org/W2341759796","https://openalex.org/W2486285194","https://openalex.org/W2573660794","https://openalex.org/W2575439561","https://openalex.org/W2577354951","https://openalex.org/W2591716374","https://openalex.org/W2670253439","https://openalex.org/W2737676624","https://openalex.org/W2764072425","https://openalex.org/W2766408922","https://openalex.org/W2799339716","https://openalex.org/W2898694742","https://openalex.org/W2898722914","https://openalex.org/W2898970033","https://openalex.org/W2904032123","https://openalex.org/W2905465067","https://openalex.org/W2912031212","https://openalex.org/W2922720375","https://openalex.org/W2925120181","https://openalex.org/W2943817565","https://openalex.org/W2946567232","https://openalex.org/W2947823456","https://openalex.org/W2950290350","https://openalex.org/W2953487715","https://openalex.org/W2963095307","https://openalex.org/W2964094601","https://openalex.org/W2964351587","https://openalex.org/W2986330831","https://openalex.org/W3001363766","https://openalex.org/W3030109318","https://openalex.org/W3032979343","https://openalex.org/W3087168991","https://openalex.org/W3089358005","https://openalex.org/W3101407275","https://openalex.org/W3104143895","https://openalex.org/W3122175177","https://openalex.org/W3133236490","https://openalex.org/W3137220996","https://openalex.org/W3139984071","https://openalex.org/W3212784711","https://openalex.org/W4256361765","https://openalex.org/W4289258965","https://openalex.org/W4294553991","https://openalex.org/W4299515571","https://openalex.org/W4301352023","https://openalex.org/W4310936740","https://openalex.org/W4391358569"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2494121465","https://openalex.org/W4377233172","https://openalex.org/W1854749775","https://openalex.org/W4312971597","https://openalex.org/W2129556718","https://openalex.org/W1970818898","https://openalex.org/W2350665531","https://openalex.org/W2906160980","https://openalex.org/W2154949144","https://openalex.org/W4388713818"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Accountability":[0],"is":[1,11,40,72],"an":[2,152],"often":[3,59],"called":[4],"for":[5,14,22,78,106],"property":[6],"of":[7,37,49,63,95,125],"technical":[8],"systems.":[9],"It":[10],"a":[12,28,43,87,98,109,117,141,146],"requirement":[13],"algorithmic":[15],"decision":[16],"systems,":[17,20],"autonomous":[18,153],"cyber-physical":[19],"and":[21,39,81,121,144],"software":[23,68],"systems":[24,80],"in":[25,86,97],"general.":[26],"As":[27],"concept,":[29],"accountability":[30,76,96,126],"goes":[31],"back":[32],"to":[33,45,73,83,119,139],"the":[34,47,92],"early":[35],"history":[36,53],"Liberalism":[38],"suggested":[41],"as":[42],"tool":[44],"limit":[46],"use":[48,148],"power.":[50],"This":[51],"long":[52],"has":[54],"also":[55],"given":[56],"us":[57],"many,":[58],"slightly":[60],"differing,":[61],"definitions":[62,124],"accountability.":[64],"The":[65],"problem":[66],"that":[67,103],"developers":[69],"now":[70],"face":[71],"understand":[74],"what":[75],"means":[77],"their":[79],"how":[82,133],"reflect":[84],"it":[85],"system's":[88,142],"design.":[89],"To":[90],"enable":[91],"rigorous":[93],"study":[94],"system,":[99],"we":[100,115],"need":[101],"models":[102,135],"are":[104],"suitable":[105],"capturing":[107],"such":[108],"varied":[110],"concept.":[111],"In":[112],"this":[113],"paper,":[114],"present":[116,145],"method":[118],"express":[120],"compare":[122],"different":[123],"using":[127],"Structural":[128],"Causal":[129],"Models.":[130],"We":[131],"show":[132],"these":[134],"can":[136],"be":[137],"used":[138],"evaluate":[140],"design":[143],"small":[147],"case":[149],"based":[150],"on":[151],"car.":[154]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-08-05T07:39:15.569665","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}