{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3205879563","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3441852.3471205","title":"Understanding Screen Readers\u2019 Plugins","display_name":"Understanding Screen Readers\u2019 Plugins","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-10-17","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3205879563","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3441852.3471205","mag":"3205879563"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3441852.3471205","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3441852.3471205","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 23rd International ACM SIGACCESS Conference on Computers and Accessibility","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://scholarsphere.psu.edu/resources/28b964b9-14c8-4209-a480-1156d2189fa3/downloads/19014","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5064195224","display_name":"Farhani Momotaz","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9617-1829"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I130769515","display_name":"Pennsylvania State University","ror":"https://ror.org/04p491231","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I130769515"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Farhani Momotaz","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Information Sciences and Technology Pennsylvania State University, United States"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Information Sciences and Technology Pennsylvania State University, United States","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130769515"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101892482","display_name":"Md Touhidul Islam","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6075-2832"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I130769515","display_name":"Pennsylvania State University","ror":"https://ror.org/04p491231","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I130769515"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Md Touhidul Islam","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Information Sciences and Technology Pennsylvania State University, United States"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Information Sciences and Technology Pennsylvania State University, United States","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130769515"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5051334797","display_name":"Md Ehtesham-Ul-Haque","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8803-2100"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I130769515","display_name":"Pennsylvania State University","ror":"https://ror.org/04p491231","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I130769515"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Md Ehtesham-Ul-Haque","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Information Sciences and Technology Pennsylvania State University, United States"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Information Sciences and Technology Pennsylvania State University, United States","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130769515"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5005834738","display_name":"Syed Masum Billah","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5063-3808"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I130769515","display_name":"Pennsylvania State University","ror":"https://ror.org/04p491231","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I130769515"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Syed Masum Billah","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Information Sciences and Technology Pennsylvania State University, United States"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Information Sciences and Technology Pennsylvania State University, United States","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130769515"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.2881,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":13,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.90572005,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"10"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11197","display_name":"Digital Games and Media","score":0.996999979019165,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11197","display_name":"Digital Games and Media","score":0.996999979019165,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12060","display_name":"Child Development and Digital Technology","score":0.9872000217437744,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3304","display_name":"Education"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12720","display_name":"Multimedia Communication and Technology","score":0.9736999869346619,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/plug-in","display_name":"Plug-in","score":0.8866085410118103},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6869094967842102},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/world-wide-web","display_name":"World Wide Web","score":0.3501400947570801},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/programming-language","display_name":"Programming language","score":0.2208128571510315}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C4924752","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q184148","display_name":"Plug-in","level":2,"score":0.8866085410118103},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6869094967842102},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136764020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466","display_name":"World Wide Web","level":1,"score":0.3501400947570801},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.2208128571510315}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/3441852.3471205","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3441852.3471205","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 23rd International ACM SIGACCESS Conference on Computers and Accessibility","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:scholarsphere.psu.edu:2267297d-69f7-48a1-94d6-689206cfa264","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://scholarsphere.psu.edu/resources/2267297d-69f7-48a1-94d6-689206cfa264","pdf_url":"https://scholarsphere.psu.edu/resources/28b964b9-14c8-4209-a480-1156d2189fa3/downloads/19014","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401507","display_name":"ScholarSphere (Penn State Libraries)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I3130638595","host_organization_name":"Pangasinan State University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I3130638595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"The 23rd International ACM SIGACCESS Conference on Computers and Accessibility","raw_type":"Article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:scholarsphere.psu.edu:2267297d-69f7-48a1-94d6-689206cfa264","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://scholarsphere.psu.edu/resources/2267297d-69f7-48a1-94d6-689206cfa264","pdf_url":"https://scholarsphere.psu.edu/resources/28b964b9-14c8-4209-a480-1156d2189fa3/downloads/19014","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401507","display_name":"ScholarSphere (Penn State Libraries)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I3130638595","host_organization_name":"Pangasinan State University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I3130638595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"The 23rd International ACM SIGACCESS Conference on Computers and Accessibility","raw_type":"Article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3205879563.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3205879563.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":28,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W616758758","https://openalex.org/W1536329414","https://openalex.org/W1753385428","https://openalex.org/W1966500600","https://openalex.org/W1971359048","https://openalex.org/W1984315811","https://openalex.org/W1994862647","https://openalex.org/W2002170195","https://openalex.org/W2002236654","https://openalex.org/W2008111564","https://openalex.org/W2010422701","https://openalex.org/W2083298807","https://openalex.org/W2086171596","https://openalex.org/W2101800210","https://openalex.org/W2107387337","https://openalex.org/W2115210820","https://openalex.org/W2122230998","https://openalex.org/W2123465609","https://openalex.org/W2163071480","https://openalex.org/W2164278151","https://openalex.org/W2171035719","https://openalex.org/W2340027394","https://openalex.org/W2594148110","https://openalex.org/W2611833583","https://openalex.org/W2765272505","https://openalex.org/W3093688818","https://openalex.org/W4251041115","https://openalex.org/W4285719527"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4391375266","https://openalex.org/W2899084033","https://openalex.org/W2748952813","https://openalex.org/W47352601","https://openalex.org/W2981957539","https://openalex.org/W4287378204","https://openalex.org/W2461489085","https://openalex.org/W2545422590","https://openalex.org/W4240705470","https://openalex.org/W2945311252"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Screen":[0],"reader":[1,57,64,122],"plugins":[2,68,99,123,148,155],"are":[3,136],"small":[4],"pieces":[5],"of":[6,19,33,77,130,168,176,205],"code":[7],"that":[8,62],"blind":[9,55],"users":[10,65],"can":[11],"download":[12],"and":[13,44,81,90,95,106,114,134,153,163,196,203],"install":[14],"to":[15,28,73,84,91,214,224],"enhance":[16],"the":[17,30,75,139,173,177,201,216],"capabilities":[18],"their":[20,40,161],"screen":[21,34,56,63,79,121,151],"readers.":[22],"In":[23,118],"this":[24,47],"paper,":[25],"we":[26,49,184],"aim":[27],"understand":[29],"user":[31],"experience":[32],"readers\u2019":[35],"plugins,":[36,133,192],"as":[37,39,220],"well":[38],"developers,":[41,195],"distribution":[42,218],"model,":[43],"maintenance.":[45],"To":[46],"end,":[48],"conducted":[50],"a":[51,128,187],"study":[52,60],"with":[53],"14":[54],"users.":[58],"Our":[59],"revealed":[61],"rely":[66],"on":[67,181],"for":[69,147,149,190],"various":[70],"reasons,":[71],"e.g.,":[72],"improve":[74],"usability":[76],"both":[78],"readers":[80],"application":[82],"software,":[83],"make":[85],"partially":[86],"accessible":[87],"applications":[88],"accessible,":[89],"enable":[92],"custom":[93],"shortcuts":[94],"commands.":[96],"Furthermore,":[97],"installing":[98],"is":[100,104,110,124,143],"easy;":[101],"uninstalling":[102],"them":[103,108],"unlikely;":[105],"finding":[107],"online":[109],"ad":[111],"hoc,":[112],"challenging,":[113],"poses":[115],"security":[116],"threats.":[117],"addition,":[119],"developing":[120],"technically":[125],"demanding;":[126],"only":[127],"handful":[129],"people":[131],"develop":[132],"they":[135],"well-recognized":[137],"in":[138,172],"community.":[140],"Finally,":[141],"there":[142],"no":[144],"central":[145,188],"repository":[146,189],"most":[150,154],"readers,":[152],"do":[156],"not":[157],"receive":[158],"updates":[159],"from":[160],"developers":[162],"become":[164],"obsolete.":[165],"The":[166],"lack":[167],"financial":[169],"incentives":[170],"plays":[171],"slow":[174],"growth":[175],"plugin":[178],"ecosystem.":[179],"Based":[180],"our":[182,209],"findings,":[183],"recommend":[185],"creating":[186],"all":[191],"engaging":[193],"third-party":[194],"raising":[197],"general":[198],"awareness":[199],"about":[200],"benefits":[202],"dangers":[204],"plugins.":[206],"We":[207],"believe":[208],"findings":[210],"will":[211],"inspire":[212],"researchers":[213],"embrace":[215],"plugin-based":[217],"model":[219],"an":[221],"effective":[222],"way":[223],"combat":[225],"application-level":[226],"accessibility":[227],"issues.":[228]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}