{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3205864668","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3441852.3471200","title":"American Sign Language Video Anonymization to Support Online Participation of Deaf and Hard of Hearing Users","display_name":"American Sign Language Video Anonymization to Support Online Participation of Deaf and Hard of Hearing Users","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-10-17","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3205864668","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3441852.3471200","mag":"3205864668"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3441852.3471200","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3441852.3471200","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 23rd International ACM SIGACCESS Conference on Computers and Accessibility","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100626494","display_name":"Sooyeon Lee","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4971-2004"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I155173764","display_name":"Rochester Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00v4yb702","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I155173764"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sooyeon Lee","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Information Rochester Institute of Technology, United States"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information Rochester Institute of Technology, United States","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I155173764"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5021039594","display_name":"Abraham Glasser","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1763-4352"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I155173764","display_name":"Rochester Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00v4yb702","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I155173764"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Abraham Glasser","raw_affiliation_strings":["Computing and Information Sciences Rochester Institute of Technology, United States"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Computing and Information Sciences Rochester Institute of Technology, United States","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I155173764"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5002576369","display_name":"Becca Dingman","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I155173764","display_name":"Rochester Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00v4yb702","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I155173764"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Becca Dingman","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Information Rochester Institute of Technology, United States"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information Rochester Institute of Technology, United States","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I155173764"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5014980847","display_name":"Zhaoyang Xia","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3536-5387"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I102322142","display_name":"Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey","ror":"https://ror.org/05vt9qd57","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I102322142"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhaoyang Xia","raw_affiliation_strings":["Computer Science Rutgers University, United States"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Computer Science Rutgers University, United States","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I102322142"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5109600054","display_name":"Dimitris Metaxas","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I102322142","display_name":"Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey","ror":"https://ror.org/05vt9qd57","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I102322142"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dimitris Metaxas","raw_affiliation_strings":["Computer Science Rutgers University, United States"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Computer Science Rutgers University, United States","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I102322142"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5051762177","display_name":"Carol Neidle","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8844-9085"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I111088046","display_name":"Boston University","ror":"https://ror.org/05qwgg493","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I111088046"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Carol Neidle","raw_affiliation_strings":["Linguistics Boston University, United States"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Linguistics Boston University, United States","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I111088046"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5034572826","display_name":"Matt Huenerfauth","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6290-2681"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I155173764","display_name":"Rochester Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00v4yb702","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I155173764"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Matt Huenerfauth","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Information Rochester Institute of Technology, United States"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information Rochester Institute of Technology, United States","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I155173764"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":19,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"13"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11285","display_name":"Hearing Impairment and Communication","score":0.9994000196456909,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3204","display_name":"Developmental and Educational Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11285","display_name":"Hearing Impairment and Communication","score":0.9994000196456909,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3204","display_name":"Developmental and Educational Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11398","display_name":"Hand Gesture Recognition Systems","score":0.9984999895095825,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1709","display_name":"Human-Computer Interaction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13310","display_name":"Subtitles and Audiovisual Media","score":0.9671000242233276,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1203","display_name":"Language and Linguistics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sign-language","display_name":"Sign language","score":0.7653551697731018},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7631027698516846},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/american-sign-language","display_name":"American Sign Language","score":0.655942976474762},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sign","display_name":"Sign (mathematics)","score":0.6198376417160034},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/speech-recognition","display_name":"Speech recognition","score":0.45096686482429504},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/assistive-technology","display_name":"Assistive technology","score":0.42935460805892944},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/multimedia","display_name":"Multimedia","score":0.3829355239868164},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/human\u2013computer-interaction","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","score":0.280950129032135},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/linguistics","display_name":"Linguistics","score":0.21762365102767944},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.05871927738189697}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C522192633","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q34228","display_name":"Sign language","level":2,"score":0.7653551697731018},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7631027698516846},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776737515","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14759","display_name":"American Sign Language","level":3,"score":0.655942976474762},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C139676723","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1193832","display_name":"Sign (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.6198376417160034},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28490314","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189436","display_name":"Speech recognition","level":1,"score":0.45096686482429504},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3017715821","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q688498","display_name":"Assistive technology","level":2,"score":0.42935460805892944},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49774154","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131765","display_name":"Multimedia","level":1,"score":0.3829355239868164},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107457646","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207434","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","level":1,"score":0.280950129032135},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.21762365102767944},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.05871927738189697},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/3441852.3471200","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3441852.3471200","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 23rd International ACM SIGACCESS Conference on Computers and Accessibility","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4","score":0.800000011920929,"display_name":"Quality Education"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6536527367","display_name":"NSF Convergence Accelerator Track D: Data & AI Methods for Modeling Facial Expressions in Language with Applications to Privacy for the Deaf, ASL Education & Linguistic Research","funder_award_id":"2040638","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","display_name":"National Science Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/021nxhr62"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":46,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W65285033","https://openalex.org/W574708770","https://openalex.org/W971077854","https://openalex.org/W1497212834","https://openalex.org/W1964981411","https://openalex.org/W1979290264","https://openalex.org/W2060079959","https://openalex.org/W2121581963","https://openalex.org/W2122399640","https://openalex.org/W2133597834","https://openalex.org/W2135360599","https://openalex.org/W2135973902","https://openalex.org/W2140626650","https://openalex.org/W2149071186","https://openalex.org/W2154281089","https://openalex.org/W2160144355","https://openalex.org/W2162328610","https://openalex.org/W2182148193","https://openalex.org/W2196580333","https://openalex.org/W2301937176","https://openalex.org/W2477022472","https://openalex.org/W2486034530","https://openalex.org/W2508811887","https://openalex.org/W2608058963","https://openalex.org/W2612430715","https://openalex.org/W2748092049","https://openalex.org/W2774833025","https://openalex.org/W2795931522","https://openalex.org/W2810227211","https://openalex.org/W2897882052","https://openalex.org/W2912336782","https://openalex.org/W2941615918","https://openalex.org/W2941741566","https://openalex.org/W2963991565","https://openalex.org/W2970315999","https://openalex.org/W2981531407","https://openalex.org/W2981658552","https://openalex.org/W2982058372","https://openalex.org/W3022499299","https://openalex.org/W3023885634","https://openalex.org/W3032379166","https://openalex.org/W3048417763","https://openalex.org/W3091866293","https://openalex.org/W3096389532","https://openalex.org/W4238216513","https://openalex.org/W4285719527"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2089405242","https://openalex.org/W1989687946","https://openalex.org/W2004685257","https://openalex.org/W1977288663","https://openalex.org/W2115068291","https://openalex.org/W3010360921","https://openalex.org/W2100673443","https://openalex.org/W2897666773","https://openalex.org/W2226154349","https://openalex.org/W2963075127"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Without":[0],"a":[1,30,43],"commonly":[2],"accepted":[3],"writing":[4],"system":[5],"for":[6,148,203],"American":[7],"Sign":[8],"Language":[9],"(ASL),":[10],"Deaf":[11],"or":[12,24,82,94,98],"Hard":[13],"of":[14,32,112,155,159,166,170,173,181,213,219],"Hearing":[15],"(DHH)":[16],"ASL":[17,75,138],"signers":[18,76,139,157],"who":[19],"wish":[20],"to":[21,39,70,106,116,136,191],"express":[22],"opinions":[23],"ask":[25],"questions":[26],"online":[27,92],"must":[28],"post":[29],"video":[31,67],"their":[33,86,143,194],"signing,":[34],"if":[35],"they":[36,47],"prefer":[37],"not":[38],"use":[40,204],"written":[41],"English,":[42],"language":[44],"in":[45,68,85,91,121,145,205],"which":[46],"may":[48],"feel":[49],"less":[50],"proficient.":[51],"Since":[52],"the":[53,59,66,119,163],"face":[54,60,120],"conveys":[55],"essential":[56,125],"linguistic":[57],"meaning,":[58],"cannot":[61,77],"simply":[62],"be":[63],"removed":[64],"from":[65],"order":[69],"preserve":[71],"anonymity.":[72],"Thus,":[73],"DHH":[74,137],"easily":[78],"discuss":[79],"sensitive,":[80],"personal,":[81],"controversial":[83],"topics":[84],"primary":[87],"language,":[88],"limiting":[89],"engagement":[90],"debate":[93],"inquiries":[95],"about":[96],"health":[97],"legal":[99],"issues.":[100],"We":[101,132],"explored":[102],"several":[103,134],"recent":[104],"attempts":[105],"address":[107],"this":[108,201,214],"problem":[109],"through":[110],"development":[111],"\u201cface":[113],"swap\u201d":[114],"technologies":[115],"automatically":[117],"disguise":[118],"videos":[122,154],"while":[123],"preserving":[124],"facial":[126],"expressions":[127],"and":[128,141,146,158,168,193,216,221],"natural":[129],"human":[130],"appearance.":[131],"presented":[133],"prototypes":[135],"(N=16)":[140],"examined":[142],"interests":[144],"requirements":[147],"such":[149],"technology.":[150],"After":[151],"viewing":[152],"transformed":[153],"other":[156],"themselves,":[160],"participants":[161],"evaluated":[162],"understandability,":[164],"naturalness":[165],"appearance,":[167],"degree":[169],"anonymity":[171],"protection":[172],"these":[174,185],"technologies.":[175],"Our":[176,208],"study":[177],"revealed":[178],"users\u2019":[179],"perception":[180],"key":[182],"trade-offs":[183],"among":[184],"three":[186],"dimensions,":[187],"factors":[188],"that":[189],"contribute":[190],"each,":[192],"views":[195],"on":[196],"transformation":[197],"options":[198],"enabled":[199],"by":[200],"technology,":[202],"various":[206],"contexts.":[207],"findings":[209],"guide":[210],"future":[211],"designers":[212],"technology":[215],"inform":[217],"selection":[218],"applications":[220],"design":[222],"features.":[223]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":6}],"updated_date":"2026-07-14T23:27:15.235271","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}