{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3110657863","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3441000.3441014","title":"Smart Donations: Event-Driven Conditional Donations Using Smart Contracts On The Blockchain","display_name":"Smart Donations: Event-Driven Conditional Donations Using Smart Contracts On The Blockchain","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-12-02","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3110657863","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3441000.3441014","mag":"3110657863"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3441000.3441014","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3441000.3441014","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"32nd Australian Conference on Human-Computer Interaction","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://eprints.lancs.ac.uk/id/eprint/149961/1/OZCHI_reformatting_9_.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5050976547","display_name":"Ludwig Trotter","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2835-2302"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I67415387","display_name":"Lancaster University","ror":"https://ror.org/04f2nsd36","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I67415387"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Ludwig Trotter","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computing and Communications Lancaster University, United Kingdom"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computing and Communications Lancaster University, United Kingdom","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I67415387"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5013278665","display_name":"Mike Harding","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9429-7428"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I67415387","display_name":"Lancaster University","ror":"https://ror.org/04f2nsd36","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I67415387"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mike Harding","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computing and Communications Lancaster University, United Kingdom"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computing and Communications Lancaster University, United Kingdom","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I67415387"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5028667802","display_name":"Peter Shaw","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2400-0489"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I67415387","display_name":"Lancaster University","ror":"https://ror.org/04f2nsd36","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I67415387"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Peter Shaw","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computing and Communications Lancaster University, United Kingdom"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computing and Communications Lancaster University, United Kingdom","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I67415387"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5009540862","display_name":"Nigel Davies","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4136-5300"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I67415387","display_name":"Lancaster University","ror":"https://ror.org/04f2nsd36","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I67415387"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Nigel Davies","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computing and Communications Lancaster University, United Kingdom"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computing and Communications Lancaster University, United Kingdom","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I67415387"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5085047497","display_name":"Chris Elsden","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6311-3390"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I98677209","display_name":"University of Edinburgh","ror":"https://ror.org/01nrxwf90","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I98677209"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chris Elsden","raw_affiliation_strings":["Design Informatics University of Edinburgh, United Kingdom"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Design Informatics University of Edinburgh, United Kingdom","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98677209"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5067342445","display_name":"Chris Speed","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0101-8117"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I98677209","display_name":"University of Edinburgh","ror":"https://ror.org/01nrxwf90","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I98677209"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chris Speed","raw_affiliation_strings":["Design Informatics University of Edinburgh, United Kingdom"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Design Informatics University of Edinburgh, United Kingdom","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98677209"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5053470577","display_name":"John Vines","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4051-3356"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I32394136","display_name":"Northumbria University","ror":"https://ror.org/049e6bc10","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I32394136"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"John Vines","raw_affiliation_strings":["Northumbria University, United Kingdom"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Northumbria University, United Kingdom","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I32394136"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5091381019","display_name":"Aydin Abadi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1414-8351"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I114203471","display_name":"University of Gloucestershire","ror":"https://ror.org/00wygct11","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I114203471"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Aydin Abadi","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Business and Technology University of Gloucestershire, United Kingdom"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Business and Technology University of Gloucestershire, United Kingdom","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I114203471"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5001435066","display_name":"Joshua Hallwright","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7136-650X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I82951845","display_name":"RMIT University","ror":"https://ror.org/04ttjf776","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I82951845"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Josh Hallwright","raw_affiliation_strings":["Oxfam Australia and RMIT University, Australia"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Oxfam Australia and RMIT University, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I82951845"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":9,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5050976547"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I67415387"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.9473,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":19,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.90028353,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"546","last_page":"557"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10270","display_name":"Blockchain Technology Applications and Security","score":0.9988999962806702,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10270","display_name":"Blockchain Technology Applications and Security","score":0.9988999962806702,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11995","display_name":"FinTech, Crowdfunding, Digital Finance","score":0.9944000244140625,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1404","display_name":"Management Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12392","display_name":"Sharing Economy and Platforms","score":0.9684000015258789,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1406","display_name":"Marketing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/escrow","display_name":"Escrow","score":0.8334051370620728},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pledge","display_name":"Pledge","score":0.7377735376358032},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/conditionality","display_name":"Conditionality","score":0.7304617166519165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transparency","display_name":"Transparency (behavior)","score":0.6030817627906799},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/disintermediation","display_name":"Disintermediation","score":0.6014527678489685},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/context","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","score":0.5342611074447632},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/accountability","display_name":"Accountability","score":0.514586865901947},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/business","display_name":"Business","score":0.4815662205219269},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/work","display_name":"Work (physics)","score":0.4715483486652374},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/architecture","display_name":"Architecture","score":0.43204256892204285},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/donation","display_name":"Donation","score":0.41506391763687134},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/grassroots","display_name":"Grassroots","score":0.4110944867134094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.4014357328414917},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/law-and-economics","display_name":"Law and economics","score":0.3920210897922516},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/internet-privacy","display_name":"Internet privacy","score":0.3293291926383972},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.32674896717071533},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/political-science","display_name":"Political science","score":0.31509512662887573},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/economics","display_name":"Economics","score":0.27604877948760986},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/finance","display_name":"Finance","score":0.16668930649757385},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.1327316164970398},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/law","display_name":"Law","score":0.1299457848072052}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C167254554","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q338451","display_name":"Escrow","level":2,"score":0.8334051370620728},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780643141","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q819049","display_name":"Pledge","level":2,"score":0.7377735376358032},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781205572","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q380245","display_name":"Conditionality","level":3,"score":0.7304617166519165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780233690","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q535347","display_name":"Transparency (behavior)","level":2,"score":0.6030817627906799},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C125706105","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1137418","display_name":"Disintermediation","level":2,"score":0.6014527678489685},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779343474","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3109175","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","level":2,"score":0.5342611074447632},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776007630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2798912","display_name":"Accountability","level":2,"score":0.514586865901947},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.4815662205219269},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18762648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42213","display_name":"Work (physics)","level":2,"score":0.4715483486652374},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C123657996","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12271","display_name":"Architecture","level":2,"score":0.43204256892204285},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775933685","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1124860","display_name":"Donation","level":2,"score":0.41506391763687134},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781188222","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q929651","display_name":"Grassroots","level":3,"score":0.4110944867134094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.4014357328414917},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C190253527","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q295354","display_name":"Law and economics","level":1,"score":0.3920210897922516},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108827166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175975","display_name":"Internet privacy","level":1,"score":0.3293291926383972},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.32674896717071533},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.31509512662887573},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.27604877948760986},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C10138342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43015","display_name":"Finance","level":1,"score":0.16668930649757385},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.1327316164970398},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.1299457848072052},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142362112","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q735","display_name":"Art","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153349607","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36649","display_name":"Visual arts","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151730666","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7205","display_name":"Paleontology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78519656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101333","display_name":"Mechanical engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94625758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7163","display_name":"Politics","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/3441000.3441014","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3441000.3441014","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"32nd Australian Conference on Human-Computer Interaction","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:eprints.lancs.ac.uk:149961","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":null,"pdf_url":"https://eprints.lancs.ac.uk/id/eprint/149961/1/OZCHI_reformatting_9_.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401916","display_name":"Lancaster EPrints (Lancaster University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I67415387","host_organization_name":"Lancaster University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I67415387"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"PeerReviewed"},{"id":"pmh:oai:figshare.com:article/26346448","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://figshare.com/articles/conference_contribution/Smart_Donations_Event-Driven_Conditional_Donations_Using_Smart_Contracts_on_the_Blockchain/26346448","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196282","display_name":"Figshare","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210132348","host_organization_name":"Figshare (United Kingdom)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210132348"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:figshare.com:article/27587478","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://figshare.com/articles/conference_contribution/Smart_Donations_Event-Driven_Conditional_Donations_Using_Smart_Contracts_on_the_Blockchain/27587478","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196282","display_name":"Figshare","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210132348","host_organization_name":"Figshare (United Kingdom)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210132348"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:eprints.lancs.ac.uk:149961","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":null,"pdf_url":"https://eprints.lancs.ac.uk/id/eprint/149961/1/OZCHI_reformatting_9_.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401916","display_name":"Lancaster EPrints (Lancaster University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I67415387","host_organization_name":"Lancaster University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I67415387"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"PeerReviewed"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/17","display_name":"Partnerships for the goals","score":0.6000000238418579}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4094520730","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"EP/T009543/1","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334627","funder_display_name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4314500828","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"EP/N02334X/1","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334627","funder_display_name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5040876342","display_name":"Cyber Security of the Internet of Things","funder_award_id":"EP/N023234/1","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334627","funder_display_name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5534487823","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"EP/N028198/1","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334627","funder_display_name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5861820729","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"EP/N028198/1","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320309148","funder_display_name":"Engineering and Technology Industry Council, Oregon University System"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6720523971","display_name":"Cyber Security of the Internet of Things","funder_award_id":"EP/N02334X/1","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334627","funder_display_name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8246184904","display_name":"Ox-Chain: Towards secure and trustworthy circular economies through distributed ledger technologies","funder_award_id":"EP/N028198/1","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334627","funder_display_name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320309148","display_name":"Engineering and Technology Industry Council, Oregon University System","ror":"https://ror.org/00r9g7t11"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334627","display_name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council","ror":"https://ror.org/0439y7842"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3110657863.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3110657863.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":24,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1994130174","https://openalex.org/W2113341218","https://openalex.org/W2117911760","https://openalex.org/W2143389784","https://openalex.org/W2401771077","https://openalex.org/W2617428178","https://openalex.org/W2751559473","https://openalex.org/W2780584648","https://openalex.org/W2788138100","https://openalex.org/W2796428479","https://openalex.org/W2796445900","https://openalex.org/W2905219012","https://openalex.org/W2912514591","https://openalex.org/W2934173897","https://openalex.org/W2940968705","https://openalex.org/W2947553462","https://openalex.org/W2963610883","https://openalex.org/W2968710754","https://openalex.org/W3000385461","https://openalex.org/W3014028770","https://openalex.org/W3031866031","https://openalex.org/W3036397807","https://openalex.org/W3045819029","https://openalex.org/W4248596983"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2154612700","https://openalex.org/W2038284070","https://openalex.org/W2805351822","https://openalex.org/W2375586905","https://openalex.org/W1968345940","https://openalex.org/W4212930069","https://openalex.org/W2061297926","https://openalex.org/W2020931302","https://openalex.org/W2393835291","https://openalex.org/W4381197671"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Recent":[0],"work":[1,27,111,125],"has":[2],"questioned":[3],"the":[4,13,41,117,127],"largely":[5],"unconditional":[6],"nature":[7],"of":[8,15,34,43,78,119,129],"charitable":[9,37],"donations":[10],"and":[11,61,71,100,116,136,147],"explored":[12],"value":[14],"conditional":[16,67],"giving":[17,68],"with":[18,53],"contemporary":[19],"donors.":[20],"In":[21],"this":[22,26],"paper,":[23],"we":[24,57],"extend":[25],"by":[28,149],"exploring":[29],"how":[30],"to":[31,82,85,89,144],"operationalise":[32],"features":[33],"conditionality":[35],"in":[36,40,95,131],"giving,":[38],"situated":[39],"context":[42],"large":[44],"international":[45,54],"non-governmental":[46],"organisations":[47],"(NGOs).":[48],"Building":[49],"on":[50],"prior":[51,110],"engagements":[52],"aid":[55],"organisations,":[56],"present":[58],"design":[59],"considerations":[60],"a":[62,96],"conceptual":[63],"architecture":[64,75],"supporting":[65],"real-time,":[66],"for":[69,142],"individual":[70],"institutional":[72],"donations.":[73],"Our":[74],"leverages":[76],"properties":[77],"distributed-ledger":[79],"technologies":[80],"(DLT)":[81],"empower":[83],"donors":[84],"(i)":[86],"attach":[87],"conditions":[88,106],"their":[90],"donation,":[91],"(ii)":[92],"store":[93],"funds":[94,104],"secure,":[97],"decentralised":[98],"escrow":[99],"(iii)":[101],"automatically":[102],"release":[103],"once":[105],"are":[107],"met.":[108],"Unlike":[109],"that":[112],"envisions":[113],"radical":[114],"disintermediation":[115],"removal":[118],"intermediate":[120],"NGOs":[121,130],"using":[122],"DLT,":[123],"our":[124],"recognises":[126],"expertise":[128],"tackling":[132],"complex":[133],"global":[134],"problems":[135],"instead":[137],"investigates":[138],"compelling":[139],"new":[140],"way":[141],"charities":[143],"increase":[145],"transparency":[146],"accountability":[148],"introducing":[150],"dynamic":[151],"pledge":[152],"controls.":[153]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-04-10T15:06:20.359241","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}