{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3136584292","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3439706.3446902","title":"Hardware Security for and beyond CMOS Technology","display_name":"Hardware Security for and beyond CMOS Technology","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-03-12","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3136584292","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3439706.3446902","mag":"3136584292"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3439706.3446902","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3439706.3446902","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 2021 International Symposium on Physical Design","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"preprint","indexed_in":["arxiv","crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2001.08780","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5052751303","display_name":"Johann Knechtel","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5093-2939"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Johann Knechtel","raw_affiliation_strings":["New York University Abu Dhabi, Abu Dhabi, UAE"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"New York University Abu Dhabi, Abu Dhabi, UAE","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5052751303"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.8312,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":17,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.90343348,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"115","last_page":"126"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12122","display_name":"Physical Unclonable Functions (PUFs) and Hardware Security","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1708","display_name":"Hardware and Architecture"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12122","display_name":"Physical Unclonable Functions (PUFs) and Hardware Security","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1708","display_name":"Hardware and Architecture"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10502","display_name":"Advanced Memory and Neural Computing","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11601","display_name":"Neuroscience and Neural Engineering","score":0.9961000084877014,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2804","display_name":"Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cmos","display_name":"CMOS","score":0.7594477534294128},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hardware-security-module","display_name":"Hardware security module","score":0.6550903916358948},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5592639446258545},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transistor","display_name":"Transistor","score":0.5273405313491821},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/emerging-technologies","display_name":"Emerging technologies","score":0.491345077753067},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/memristor","display_name":"Memristor","score":0.4850408434867859},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/embedded-system","display_name":"Embedded system","score":0.4441642463207245},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/power-consumption","display_name":"Power consumption","score":0.4350115656852722},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/integrated-circuit","display_name":"Integrated circuit","score":0.43402621150016785},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nanoelectronics","display_name":"Nanoelectronics","score":0.4304559528827667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cryptography","display_name":"Cryptography","score":0.38656917214393616},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-architecture","display_name":"Computer architecture","score":0.36660170555114746},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-engineering","display_name":"Electrical engineering","score":0.3274996280670166},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.28984004259109497},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.26808127760887146},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/power","display_name":"Power (physics)","score":0.2677963674068451},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nanotechnology","display_name":"Nanotechnology","score":0.26724863052368164},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/materials-science","display_name":"Materials science","score":0.10520792007446289}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C46362747","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173431","display_name":"CMOS","level":2,"score":0.7594477534294128},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39217717","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1432354","display_name":"Hardware security module","level":3,"score":0.6550903916358948},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5592639446258545},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C172385210","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5339","display_name":"Transistor","level":3,"score":0.5273405313491821},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C207267971","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q120208","display_name":"Emerging technologies","level":2,"score":0.491345077753067},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C150072547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q212923","display_name":"Memristor","level":2,"score":0.4850408434867859},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149635348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193040","display_name":"Embedded system","level":1,"score":0.4441642463207245},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2984118289","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q29954","display_name":"Power consumption","level":3,"score":0.4350115656852722},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C530198007","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q80831","display_name":"Integrated circuit","level":2,"score":0.43402621150016785},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C141400236","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1479544","display_name":"Nanoelectronics","level":2,"score":0.4304559528827667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178489894","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8789","display_name":"Cryptography","level":2,"score":0.38656917214393616},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118524514","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173212","display_name":"Computer architecture","level":1,"score":0.36660170555114746},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.3274996280670166},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.28984004259109497},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.26808127760887146},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163258240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25342","display_name":"Power (physics)","level":2,"score":0.2677963674068451},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C171250308","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11468","display_name":"Nanotechnology","level":1,"score":0.26724863052368164},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.10520792007446289},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165801399","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25428","display_name":"Voltage","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/3439706.3446902","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3439706.3446902","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 2021 International Symposium on Physical Design","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:2001.08780","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/2001.08780","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2001.08780","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:2001.08780","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/2001.08780","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2001.08780","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","score":0.5299999713897705,"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy"}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320313203","display_name":"New York University Abu Dhabi","ror":"https://ror.org/00e5k0821"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3136584292.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3136584292.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":239,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W11194751","https://openalex.org/W124944822","https://openalex.org/W924455922","https://openalex.org/W1488058190","https://openalex.org/W1524190286","https://openalex.org/W1524250393","https://openalex.org/W1551926972","https://openalex.org/W1562542037","https://openalex.org/W1591013007","https://openalex.org/W1592625985","https://openalex.org/W1613318100","https://openalex.org/W1692694227","https://openalex.org/W1952517978","https://openalex.org/W1970805106","https://openalex.org/W1988343723","https://openalex.org/W1995558750","https://openalex.org/W2005107548","https://openalex.org/W2008692569","https://openalex.org/W2012152864","https://openalex.org/W2019564883","https://openalex.org/W2021764121","https://openalex.org/W2022691368","https://openalex.org/W2030834420","https://openalex.org/W2037616057","https://openalex.org/W2039845393","https://openalex.org/W2040122381","https://openalex.org/W2043694425","https://openalex.org/W2044389004","https://openalex.org/W2047569222","https://openalex.org/W2050351395","https://openalex.org/W2059126686","https://openalex.org/W2060527428","https://openalex.org/W2061587924","https://openalex.org/W2063615695","https://openalex.org/W2064155520","https://openalex.org/W2064231040","https://openalex.org/W2064541558","https://openalex.org/W2065173340","https://openalex.org/W2066460920","https://openalex.org/W2067937469","https://openalex.org/W2076611807","https://openalex.org/W2083074084","https://openalex.org/W2088455835","https://openalex.org/W2092545762","https://openalex.org/W2093405763","https://openalex.org/W2095410905","https://openalex.org/W2101528158","https://openalex.org/W2102938440","https://openalex.org/W2103596514","https://openalex.org/W2104219253","https://openalex.org/W2105714044","https://openalex.org/W2107905696","https://openalex.org/W2116656110","https://openalex.org/W2122969285","https://openalex.org/W2128045766","https://openalex.org/W2136233929","https://openalex.org/W2140133741","https://openalex.org/W2142960351","https://openalex.org/W2148559224","https://openalex.org/W2149380925","https://openalex.org/W2149752542","https://openalex.org/W2150928734","https://openalex.org/W2155184842","https://openalex.org/W2162651880","https://openalex.org/W2164374443","https://openalex.org/W2168402089","https://openalex.org/W2169212403","https://openalex.org/W2209309698","https://openalex.org/W2214682759","https://openalex.org/W2216890204","https://openalex.org/W2292440736","https://openalex.org/W2318649003","https://openalex.org/W2321019643","https://openalex.org/W2343475170","https://openalex.org/W2346502084","https://openalex.org/W2391144874","https://openalex.org/W2394517960","https://openalex.org/W2402794349","https://openalex.org/W2404942596","https://openalex.org/W2411326260","https://openalex.org/W2426572037","https://openalex.org/W2480453934","https://openalex.org/W2481508967","https://openalex.org/W2489217217","https://openalex.org/W2499445168","https://openalex.org/W2503190914","https://openalex.org/W2507692019","https://openalex.org/W2511422681","https://openalex.org/W2514838290","https://openalex.org/W2515122689","https://openalex.org/W2519061422","https://openalex.org/W2522032885","https://openalex.org/W2530188112","https://openalex.org/W2534456676","https://openalex.org/W2536656707","https://openalex.org/W2537014044","https://openalex.org/W2541200941","https://openalex.org/W2549387826","https://openalex.org/W2560502449","https://openalex.org/W2563335932","https://openalex.org/W2569842290","https://openalex.org/W2570150511","https://openalex.org/W2578481478","https://openalex.org/W2579874865","https://openalex.org/W2581963379","https://openalex.org/W2582567389","https://openalex.org/W2584577216","https://openalex.org/W2586384915","https://openalex.org/W2587133287","https://openalex.org/W2604352239","https://openalex.org/W2612167398","https://openalex.org/W2612718941","https://openalex.org/W2613305001","https://openalex.org/W2614868931","https://openalex.org/W2615039602","https://openalex.org/W2615060729","https://openalex.org/W2617543038","https://openalex.org/W2618063087","https://openalex.org/W2623060442","https://openalex.org/W2626738698","https://openalex.org/W2708742051","https://openalex.org/W2738791420","https://openalex.org/W2738836551","https://openalex.org/W2739387336","https://openalex.org/W2741193798","https://openalex.org/W2742121483","https://openalex.org/W2742177062","https://openalex.org/W2749093550","https://openalex.org/W2751658612","https://openalex.org/W2752483262","https://openalex.org/W2754492346","https://openalex.org/W2756593363","https://openalex.org/W2761904588","https://openalex.org/W2762673474","https://openalex.org/W2764108704","https://openalex.org/W2766071343","https://openalex.org/W2766329853","https://openalex.org/W2766393343","https://openalex.org/W2767205086","https://openalex.org/W2767607341","https://openalex.org/W2768690687","https://openalex.org/W2770781225","https://openalex.org/W2772144122","https://openalex.org/W2785858912","https://openalex.org/W2789076592","https://openalex.org/W2790776596","https://openalex.org/W2793600158","https://openalex.org/W2794952452","https://openalex.org/W2809664681","https://openalex.org/W2810920277","https://openalex.org/W2885213466","https://openalex.org/W2886903924","https://openalex.org/W2891852074","https://openalex.org/W2893594227","https://openalex.org/W2895774650","https://openalex.org/W2899924839","https://openalex.org/W2901577388","https://openalex.org/W2903485246","https://openalex.org/W2903563976","https://openalex.org/W2907909057","https://openalex.org/W2908955451","https://openalex.org/W2912012458","https://openalex.org/W2913056617","https://openalex.org/W2924330928","https://openalex.org/W2925197357","https://openalex.org/W2933686492","https://openalex.org/W2934445416","https://openalex.org/W2936148765","https://openalex.org/W2937272089","https://openalex.org/W2939317834","https://openalex.org/W2945557633","https://openalex.org/W2945577986","https://openalex.org/W2945714310","https://openalex.org/W2945838820","https://openalex.org/W2948048821","https://openalex.org/W2948820534","https://openalex.org/W2951822201","https://openalex.org/W2952637449","https://openalex.org/W2952795984","https://openalex.org/W2960778947","https://openalex.org/W2963083758","https://openalex.org/W2963771263","https://openalex.org/W2966189282","https://openalex.org/W2967383257","https://openalex.org/W2969984156","https://openalex.org/W2972274212","https://openalex.org/W2973892057","https://openalex.org/W2974457503","https://openalex.org/W2976763854","https://openalex.org/W2977312574","https://openalex.org/W2983058739","https://openalex.org/W3015690986","https://openalex.org/W3018034549","https://openalex.org/W3030182770","https://openalex.org/W3037308856","https://openalex.org/W3037442560","https://openalex.org/W3038811314","https://openalex.org/W3082788022","https://openalex.org/W3083887424","https://openalex.org/W3098259294","https://openalex.org/W3098521738","https://openalex.org/W3098853665","https://openalex.org/W3099207450","https://openalex.org/W3099803115","https://openalex.org/W3100601277","https://openalex.org/W3100763918","https://openalex.org/W3102445009","https://openalex.org/W3102860735","https://openalex.org/W3103137679","https://openalex.org/W3103680364","https://openalex.org/W3104113136","https://openalex.org/W3104593559","https://openalex.org/W3105342724","https://openalex.org/W3106036041","https://openalex.org/W3107498708","https://openalex.org/W3117152020","https://openalex.org/W3129056223","https://openalex.org/W3140078554","https://openalex.org/W3150025755","https://openalex.org/W3152552921","https://openalex.org/W3215536155","https://openalex.org/W4211160550","https://openalex.org/W4230202452","https://openalex.org/W4234937017","https://openalex.org/W4242120930","https://openalex.org/W4242654263","https://openalex.org/W4244395536","https://openalex.org/W4245119419","https://openalex.org/W4249050566","https://openalex.org/W4285719527","https://openalex.org/W4288356834","https://openalex.org/W4289286888","https://openalex.org/W4291927144","https://openalex.org/W4295827255","https://openalex.org/W4297909887","https://openalex.org/W4301388829","https://openalex.org/W6629297748","https://openalex.org/W6724703443","https://openalex.org/W6942461435"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4229452466","https://openalex.org/W2966276069","https://openalex.org/W2304829496","https://openalex.org/W2358307108","https://openalex.org/W2385877031","https://openalex.org/W3031124155","https://openalex.org/W2069165345","https://openalex.org/W1952517978","https://openalex.org/W2677867825","https://openalex.org/W2465780682"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"As":[0],"with":[1,21],"most":[2],"aspects":[3],"of":[4,24,42,52],"electronic":[5],"systems":[6],"and":[7,39,82,87,90,93,105],"integrated":[8],"circuits,":[9],"hardware":[10,53,64,103],"security":[11,65,104],"has":[12],"traditionally":[13],"evolved":[14],"around":[15],"the":[16,22,34,50],"dominant":[17],"CMOS":[18,43],"technology.":[19],"However,":[20],"rise":[23],"various":[25],"emerging":[26,72],"technologies,":[27,73],"whose":[28],"main":[29],"purpose":[30],"is":[31],"to":[32,48,101],"overcome":[33],"fundamental":[35],"limitations":[36],"for":[37],"scaling":[38],"power":[40],"consumption":[41],"technology,":[44],"unique":[45],"opportunities":[46],"arise":[47],"advance":[49,102],"notion":[51],"security.":[54],"In":[55],"this":[56],"paper,":[57],"I":[58,69,96],"first":[59],"provide":[60],"an":[61],"overview":[62],"on":[63],"in":[66],"general.":[67],"Next,":[68],"review":[70],"selected":[71],"namely":[74],"(i)":[75],"spintronics,":[76],"(ii)":[77],"memristors,":[78],"(iii)":[79],"carbon":[80],"nanotubes":[81],"related":[83,88,108],"transistors,":[84,89],"(iv)":[85],"nanowires":[86],"(v)":[91],"3D":[92],"2.5D":[94],"integration.":[95],"then":[97],"discuss":[98],"their":[99],"application":[100],"also":[106],"outline":[107],"challenges.":[109]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-04-02T15:55:50.835912","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
