{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3138345820","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3439706.3446883","title":"Reinforcement Learning for Placement Optimization","display_name":"Reinforcement Learning for Placement Optimization","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-03-12","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3138345820","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3439706.3446883","mag":"3138345820"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3439706.3446883","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3439706.3446883","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3439706.3446883","source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 2021 International Symposium on Physical Design","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3439706.3446883","any_repository_has_fulltext":null},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5088885573","display_name":"Anna Goldie","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4887-6293"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1291425158","display_name":"Google (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/00njsd438","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1291425158","https://openalex.org/I4210128969"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Anna Goldie","raw_affiliation_strings":["Google Brain, Mountain View, CA, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Google Brain, Mountain View, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1291425158"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5070731184","display_name":"Azalia Mirhoseini","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2440-0944"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1291425158","display_name":"Google (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/00njsd438","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1291425158","https://openalex.org/I4210128969"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Azalia Mirhoseini","raw_affiliation_strings":["Google Brain, Mountain View, CA, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Google Brain, Mountain View, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1291425158"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5088885573"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1291425158"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.4011,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":5,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.58925351,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"5","last_page":"5"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12808","display_name":"Ferroelectric and Negative Capacitance Devices","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12808","display_name":"Ferroelectric and Negative Capacitance Devices","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10502","display_name":"Advanced Memory and Neural Computing","score":0.9919000267982483,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12784","display_name":"Modular Robots and Swarm Intelligence","score":0.9911999702453613,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2210","display_name":"Mechanical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reinforcement-learning","display_name":"Reinforcement learning","score":0.9012997150421143},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7810401916503906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.6646971702575684},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/robotics","display_name":"Robotics","score":0.5608580112457275},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/domain","display_name":"Domain (mathematical analysis)","score":0.5420783758163452},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/key","display_name":"Key (lock)","score":0.5173261165618896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.48700863122940063},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hyper-heuristic","display_name":"Hyper-heuristic","score":0.41484397649765015},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-architecture","display_name":"Computer architecture","score":0.3572158217430115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-engineering","display_name":"Computer engineering","score":0.3414285182952881},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/robot","display_name":"Robot","score":0.31071481108665466},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/robot-learning","display_name":"Robot learning","score":0.18885645270347595},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mobile-robot","display_name":"Mobile robot","score":0.11088842153549194},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operating-system","display_name":"Operating system","score":0.09585607051849365}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97541855","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q830687","display_name":"Reinforcement learning","level":2,"score":0.9012997150421143},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7810401916503906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.6646971702575684},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C34413123","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q170978","display_name":"Robotics","level":3,"score":0.5608580112457275},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36503486","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11235244","display_name":"Domain (mathematical analysis)","level":2,"score":0.5420783758163452},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26517878","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228039","display_name":"Key (lock)","level":2,"score":0.5173261165618896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.48700863122940063},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C117270229","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5957539","display_name":"Hyper-heuristic","level":5,"score":0.41484397649765015},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118524514","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173212","display_name":"Computer architecture","level":1,"score":0.3572158217430115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C113775141","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q428691","display_name":"Computer engineering","level":1,"score":0.3414285182952881},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C90509273","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11012","display_name":"Robot","level":2,"score":0.31071481108665466},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C188888258","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7353390","display_name":"Robot learning","level":4,"score":0.18885645270347595},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19966478","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4810574","display_name":"Mobile robot","level":3,"score":0.11088842153549194},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.09585607051849365},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/3439706.3446883","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3439706.3446883","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3439706.3446883","source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 2021 International Symposium on Physical Design","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3439706.3446883","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3439706.3446883","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3439706.3446883","source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 2021 International Symposium on Physical Design","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","score":0.6800000071525574}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3138345820.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3138345820.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":2,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2243633754","https://openalex.org/W3010672652"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4306904969","https://openalex.org/W2138720691","https://openalex.org/W4362501864","https://openalex.org/W4380318855","https://openalex.org/W2031695474","https://openalex.org/W2024136090","https://openalex.org/W2586732548","https://openalex.org/W4360996210","https://openalex.org/W3187903306","https://openalex.org/W2534140487"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0,82],"the":[1,14,36,148,196],"past":[2,132],"decade,":[3],"computer":[4,40],"systems":[5,41,50],"and":[6,42,51,63,80,134,166,198],"chips":[7,43],"have":[8],"played":[9],"a":[10,107,119,154],"key":[11],"role":[12],"in":[13,22,38,49,78,122,139,171,195],"success":[15],"of":[16,69,74,89,129,157],"artificial":[17],"intelligence":[18],"(AI).":[19],"Our":[20,125,159],"vision":[21],"Google":[23],"Brain's":[24],"Machine":[25],"Learning":[26],"for":[27,114],"Systems":[28],"team":[29],"is":[30,127,151,161],"to":[31,34,95,153,162],"use":[32],"AI":[33,76],"transform":[35],"way":[37],"which":[39],"are":[44,54,67,181],"designed.":[45],"Many":[46],"core":[47],"problems":[48],"hardware":[52,123],"design":[53],"combinatorial":[55],"optimization":[56,99],"or":[57,183],"decision":[58],"making":[59],"tasks":[60],"with":[61],"state":[62],"action":[64],"spaces":[65],"that":[66,73,180],"orders":[68],"magnitude":[70],"larger":[71,155],"than":[72],"standard":[75],"benchmarks":[77],"robotics":[79],"games.":[81],"this":[83],"talk,":[84],"we":[85],"will":[86,102],"describe":[87],"some":[88],"our":[90,104,175],"latest":[91],"learning":[92,111,130],"based":[93],"approaches":[94],"tackling":[96],"such":[97],"large-scale":[98],"problems.":[100],"We":[101,168],"discuss":[103],"work":[105],"on":[106,143,185],"new":[108],"domain-transferable":[109],"reinforcement":[110],"(RL)":[112],"method":[113,176],"optimizing":[115],"chip":[116,145],"placement":[117],"[1],":[118],"long":[120],"pole":[121],"design.":[124],"approach":[126],"capable":[128],"from":[131],"experience":[133],"improving":[135],"over":[136],"time,":[137],"resulting":[138],"more":[140],"optimized":[141],"placements":[142,179],"unseen":[144],"blocks":[146],"as":[147],"RL":[149],"agent":[150],"exposed":[152],"volume":[156],"data.":[158],"objective":[160],"minimize":[163],"power,":[164],"performance,":[165],"area.":[167],"show":[169],"that,":[170],"under":[172],"six":[173],"hours,":[174],"can":[177,199],"generate":[178],"superhuman":[182],"comparable":[184],"modern":[186],"accelerator":[187],"chips,":[188],"whereas":[189],"existing":[190],"baselines":[191],"require":[192],"human":[193],"experts":[194],"loop":[197],"take":[200],"several":[201],"weeks.":[202]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}