{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3135319052","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3434074.3447131","title":"The Haunted Desk: Exploring Non-Volitional Behavior Change with Everyday Robotics","display_name":"The Haunted Desk: Exploring Non-Volitional Behavior Change with Everyday Robotics","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-03-08","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3135319052","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3434074.3447131","mag":"3135319052"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3434074.3447131","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3434074.3447131","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Companion of the 2021 ACM/IEEE International Conference on Human-Robot Interaction","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5065221891","display_name":"Lawrence H. Kim","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1278-5688"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210137306","display_name":"Stanford Medicine","ror":"https://ror.org/03mtd9a03","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210137306","https://openalex.org/I97018004"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lawrence H. Kim","raw_affiliation_strings":["Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210137306"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5036281708","display_name":"Annel Amelia Leon","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8321-0529"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I97018004","display_name":"Stanford University","ror":"https://ror.org/00f54p054","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I97018004"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Annel Amelia Leon","raw_affiliation_strings":["Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I97018004"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5090987475","display_name":"Ganapathy Sankararaman","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I97018004","display_name":"Stanford University","ror":"https://ror.org/00f54p054","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I97018004"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ganapathy Sankararaman","raw_affiliation_strings":["Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I97018004"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5062207019","display_name":"Blake M. Jones","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I97018004","display_name":"Stanford University","ror":"https://ror.org/00f54p054","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I97018004"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Blake M. Jones","raw_affiliation_strings":["Stanford University, Stanfrod, CA, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Stanford University, Stanfrod, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I97018004"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5045770913","display_name":"Gourab Saha","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2433-3542"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I97018004","display_name":"Stanford University","ror":"https://ror.org/00f54p054","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I97018004"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Gourab Saha","raw_affiliation_strings":["Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I97018004"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5044893794","display_name":"Amanda Spyropolous","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I97018004","display_name":"Stanford University","ror":"https://ror.org/00f54p054","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I97018004"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Amanda Spyropolous","raw_affiliation_strings":["Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I97018004"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5081044482","display_name":"Akshara Motani","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0002-1563-3284"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1743320","display_name":"Palo Alto University","ror":"https://ror.org/04f812k67","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1743320"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I97018004","display_name":"Stanford University","ror":"https://ror.org/00f54p054","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I97018004"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Akshara Motani","raw_affiliation_strings":["Stanford University, Stanford, Palo Alto , CA, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Stanford University, Stanford, Palo Alto , CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1743320","https://openalex.org/I97018004"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5007244703","display_name":"Matthew Louis Mauriello","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5359-6520"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210137306","display_name":"Stanford Medicine","ror":"https://ror.org/03mtd9a03","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210137306","https://openalex.org/I97018004"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Matthew Louis Mauriello","raw_affiliation_strings":["Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210137306"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5044431846","display_name":"Pablo Paredes","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2431-9190"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210137306","display_name":"Stanford Medicine","ror":"https://ror.org/03mtd9a03","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210137306","https://openalex.org/I97018004"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Pablo E. Paredes","raw_affiliation_strings":["Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210137306"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":9,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.8492,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":12,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.71187753,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"71","last_page":"75"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10352","display_name":"Physical Activity and Health","score":0.9966999888420105,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2737","display_name":"Physiology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10352","display_name":"Physical Activity and Health","score":0.9966999888420105,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2737","display_name":"Physiology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10803","display_name":"Innovative Human-Technology Interaction","score":0.9965999722480774,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1709","display_name":"Human-Computer Interaction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11519","display_name":"Digital Mental Health Interventions","score":0.9800999760627747,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3202","display_name":"Applied Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/desk","display_name":"Desk","score":0.9160454273223877},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/context","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","score":0.5999507904052734},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/human\u2013computer-interaction","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","score":0.5207997560501099},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psychological-intervention","display_name":"Psychological intervention","score":0.5094738602638245},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nudge-theory","display_name":"Nudge theory","score":0.49330273270606995},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/applied-psychology","display_name":"Applied psychology","score":0.49214571714401245},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/set","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","score":0.48626577854156494},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.48528429865837097},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psychology","display_name":"Psychology","score":0.4849403202533722},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/robotics","display_name":"Robotics","score":0.4180550277233124},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.40954524278640747},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cognitive-psychology","display_name":"Cognitive psychology","score":0.3761577606201172},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/robot","display_name":"Robot","score":0.35405391454696655},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/social-psychology","display_name":"Social psychology","score":0.2872101068496704}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776545233","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1064858","display_name":"Desk","level":2,"score":0.9160454273223877},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779343474","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3109175","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","level":2,"score":0.5999507904052734},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107457646","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207434","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","level":1,"score":0.5207997560501099},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C27415008","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7256382","display_name":"Psychological intervention","level":2,"score":0.5094738602638245},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C8858961","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7068367","display_name":"Nudge theory","level":2,"score":0.49330273270606995},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C75630572","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q538904","display_name":"Applied psychology","level":1,"score":0.49214571714401245},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177264268","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1514741","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","level":2,"score":0.48626577854156494},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.48528429865837097},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.4849403202533722},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C34413123","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q170978","display_name":"Robotics","level":3,"score":0.4180550277233124},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.40954524278640747},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C180747234","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23373","display_name":"Cognitive psychology","level":1,"score":0.3761577606201172},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C90509273","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11012","display_name":"Robot","level":2,"score":0.35405391454696655},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77805123","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161272","display_name":"Social psychology","level":1,"score":0.2872101068496704},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118552586","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7867","display_name":"Psychiatry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151730666","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7205","display_name":"Paleontology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/3434074.3447131","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3434074.3447131","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Companion of the 2021 ACM/IEEE International Conference on Human-Robot Interaction","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":19,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1481908410","https://openalex.org/W1984144154","https://openalex.org/W2007579886","https://openalex.org/W2031917714","https://openalex.org/W2055104609","https://openalex.org/W2114538920","https://openalex.org/W2120304299","https://openalex.org/W2136285007","https://openalex.org/W2138164762","https://openalex.org/W2142471419","https://openalex.org/W2143931350","https://openalex.org/W2288265488","https://openalex.org/W2754072676","https://openalex.org/W2763987783","https://openalex.org/W2891345873","https://openalex.org/W2940420732","https://openalex.org/W2941211423","https://openalex.org/W2941263890","https://openalex.org/W4246979822"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2990973546","https://openalex.org/W2530972340","https://openalex.org/W2941211423","https://openalex.org/W3113184602","https://openalex.org/W3013148268","https://openalex.org/W2773127827","https://openalex.org/W4224758975","https://openalex.org/W3081077019","https://openalex.org/W3122614722","https://openalex.org/W4226173271"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"We":[0],"introduce":[1,57],"and":[2,17,45,106,118],"explore":[3],"the":[4,21,104,135],"concept":[5],"of":[6,13,23,35,78,142],"non-volitional":[7],"behavior":[8,14],"change,":[9],"a":[10],"novel":[11],"category":[12],"change":[15],"interventions,":[16],"apply":[18],"it":[19],"in":[20,114],"context":[22],"promoting":[24],"healthy":[25,67],"behaviors":[26],"through":[27],"an":[28,70,79,130],"automated":[29],"sit-stand":[30,36,81,132],"desk.":[31],"While":[32,97],"routine":[33],"use":[34],"desks":[37],"can":[38],"increase":[39],"health":[40],"outcomes,":[41],"compliance":[42],"decreases":[43],"quickly":[44],"behavioral":[46],"nudges":[47],"tend":[48],"to":[49,65,128,138],"be":[50],"dismissed.":[51],"To":[52],"address":[53],"this":[54],"issue,":[55],"we":[56,74,109],"robotic":[58],"furniture":[59],"that":[60,84],"moves":[61],"on":[62],"its":[63],"own":[64],"promote":[66],"movement.":[68],"In":[69],"in-person":[71],"preliminary":[72],"study,":[73],"explored":[75],"users'":[76],"impressions":[77],"autonomous":[80,105,131],"desk":[82],"prototype":[83],"changes":[85],"position":[86],"at":[87],"regular":[88],"pre-set":[89],"time":[90],"intervals":[91],"while":[92,134],"participants":[93],"complete":[94],"multiple":[95],"tasks.":[96],"in-the-moment":[98],"self-reported":[99],"ratings":[100],"were":[101,126],"similar":[102],"between":[103],"manual":[107],"desks,":[108],"observed":[110],"several":[111],"bi-modal":[112],"distributions":[113],"user's":[115],"retrospective":[116],"comparisons":[117],"their":[119],"qualitative":[120],"responses.":[121],"Findings":[122],"suggest":[123],"about":[124],"half":[125],"receptive":[127],"using":[129],"desk,":[133],"remaining":[136],"preferred":[137],"retain":[139],"some":[140],"level":[141],"control.":[143]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
