{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3118914129","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3432944","title":"Unequal Impacts of Augmented Reality on Learning and Collaboration During Robot Programming with Peers","display_name":"Unequal Impacts of Augmented Reality on Learning and Collaboration During Robot Programming with Peers","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-01-05","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3118914129","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3432944","mag":"3118914129"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3432944","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3432944","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3432944","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210183893","display_name":"Proceedings of the ACM on Human-Computer Interaction","issn_l":"2573-0142","issn":["2573-0142"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319798","host_organization_name":"Association for Computing Machinery","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319798"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computing Machinery"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the ACM on Human-Computer Interaction","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"bronze","oa_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3432944","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5000207660","display_name":"Iulian Radu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0184-2969"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2801851002","display_name":"Harvard University Press","ror":"https://ror.org/006v7bf86","country_code":"US","type":"other","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I136199984","https://openalex.org/I2801851002"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Iulian Radu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2801851002"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5047878474","display_name":"Vivek Hv","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2801851002","display_name":"Harvard University Press","ror":"https://ror.org/006v7bf86","country_code":"US","type":"other","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I136199984","https://openalex.org/I2801851002"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Vivek Hv","raw_affiliation_strings":["Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2801851002"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5075953566","display_name":"Bertrand Schneider","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0922-2593"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2801851002","display_name":"Harvard University Press","ror":"https://ror.org/006v7bf86","country_code":"US","type":"other","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I136199984","https://openalex.org/I2801851002"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Bertrand Schneider","raw_affiliation_strings":["Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2801851002"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2801851002"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.4497,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":38,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.90695512,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":97,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"4","issue":"CSCW3","first_page":"1","last_page":"23"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10888","display_name":"Augmented Reality Applications","score":0.9993000030517578,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10888","display_name":"Augmented Reality Applications","score":0.9993000030517578,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10648","display_name":"Virtual Reality Applications and Impacts","score":0.9851999878883362,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1709","display_name":"Human-Computer Interaction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12128","display_name":"AI in Service Interactions","score":0.9828000068664551,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/augmented-reality","display_name":"Augmented reality","score":0.9158012866973877},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/popularity","display_name":"Popularity","score":0.690737783908844},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/context","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","score":0.6074621677398682},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/collaborative-learning","display_name":"Collaborative learning","score":0.5506951212882996},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5382764935493469},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mixed-reality","display_name":"Mixed reality","score":0.5024542808532715},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computational-thinking","display_name":"Computational thinking","score":0.48749518394470215},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/human\u2013computer-interaction","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","score":0.47238659858703613},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/robot","display_name":"Robot","score":0.4563264846801758},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/educational-robotics","display_name":"Educational robotics","score":0.4558194875717163},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/common-ground","display_name":"Common ground","score":0.43273890018463135},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/robotics","display_name":"Robotics","score":0.42641139030456543},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/educational-technology","display_name":"Educational technology","score":0.41098228096961975},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.32314831018447876},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/knowledge-management","display_name":"Knowledge management","score":0.2598074972629547},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics-education","display_name":"Mathematics education","score":0.225430428981781},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psychology","display_name":"Psychology","score":0.22059699892997742},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/social-psychology","display_name":"Social psychology","score":0.08721548318862915}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153715457","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q254183","display_name":"Augmented reality","level":2,"score":0.9158012866973877},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780586970","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1357284","display_name":"Popularity","level":2,"score":0.690737783908844},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779343474","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3109175","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","level":2,"score":0.6074621677398682},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138020889","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2349659","display_name":"Collaborative learning","level":2,"score":0.5506951212882996},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5382764935493469},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C206776904","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1758389","display_name":"Mixed reality","level":3,"score":0.5024542808532715},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780368719","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5157342","display_name":"Computational thinking","level":2,"score":0.48749518394470215},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107457646","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207434","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","level":1,"score":0.47238659858703613},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C90509273","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11012","display_name":"Robot","level":2,"score":0.4563264846801758},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C183889225","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5341299","display_name":"Educational robotics","level":4,"score":0.4558194875717163},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777877512","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1116097","display_name":"Common ground","level":2,"score":0.43273890018463135},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C34413123","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q170978","display_name":"Robotics","level":3,"score":0.42641139030456543},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C16443162","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1068473","display_name":"Educational technology","level":2,"score":0.41098228096961975},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.32314831018447876},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C56739046","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192060","display_name":"Knowledge management","level":1,"score":0.2598074972629547},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C145420912","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q853077","display_name":"Mathematics education","level":1,"score":0.225430428981781},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.22059699892997742},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77805123","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161272","display_name":"Social psychology","level":1,"score":0.08721548318862915},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151730666","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7205","display_name":"Paleontology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/3432944","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3432944","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3432944","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210183893","display_name":"Proceedings of the ACM on Human-Computer Interaction","issn_l":"2573-0142","issn":["2573-0142"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319798","host_organization_name":"Association for Computing Machinery","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319798"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computing Machinery"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the ACM on Human-Computer Interaction","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3432944","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3432944","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3432944","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210183893","display_name":"Proceedings of the ACM on Human-Computer Interaction","issn_l":"2573-0142","issn":["2573-0142"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319798","host_organization_name":"Association for Computing Machinery","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319798"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computing Machinery"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the ACM on Human-Computer Interaction","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5657888527","display_name":"EAGER: Making with Understanding","funder_award_id":"1748093","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7521205204","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"1917716 and 1748093","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","display_name":"National Science Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/021nxhr62"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320309622","display_name":"Harvard University","ror":"https://ror.org/03vek6s52"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3118914129.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3118914129.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":47,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W103394227","https://openalex.org/W1539389478","https://openalex.org/W1741471588","https://openalex.org/W1866080895","https://openalex.org/W1987750830","https://openalex.org/W1995949155","https://openalex.org/W2023662171","https://openalex.org/W2026948010","https://openalex.org/W2028300203","https://openalex.org/W2041582797","https://openalex.org/W2049977003","https://openalex.org/W2068340008","https://openalex.org/W2073508127","https://openalex.org/W2086651061","https://openalex.org/W2087168813","https://openalex.org/W2092850413","https://openalex.org/W2097234820","https://openalex.org/W2103526927","https://openalex.org/W2103983009","https://openalex.org/W2115135147","https://openalex.org/W2116574667","https://openalex.org/W2119468946","https://openalex.org/W2122122381","https://openalex.org/W2133175182","https://openalex.org/W2138266956","https://openalex.org/W2140888461","https://openalex.org/W2144049026","https://openalex.org/W2160282084","https://openalex.org/W2162530649","https://openalex.org/W2181299751","https://openalex.org/W2573741963","https://openalex.org/W2791083121","https://openalex.org/W2795710321","https://openalex.org/W2795728764","https://openalex.org/W2917252586","https://openalex.org/W2941726745","https://openalex.org/W2950579875","https://openalex.org/W3157541694","https://openalex.org/W3158757294","https://openalex.org/W4243147653","https://openalex.org/W4252869279","https://openalex.org/W4294214797","https://openalex.org/W6639559997","https://openalex.org/W6642260519","https://openalex.org/W6650902465","https://openalex.org/W6713108556","https://openalex.org/W6761895116"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4280652461","https://openalex.org/W4308173668","https://openalex.org/W2792610670","https://openalex.org/W2782827002","https://openalex.org/W2944273447","https://openalex.org/W2810441541","https://openalex.org/W3036021313","https://openalex.org/W3080323483","https://openalex.org/W4387303200","https://openalex.org/W2900537754"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Augmented":[0],"reality":[1,97,143,155,191],"(AR)":[2],"applications":[3],"are":[4,51,119,136],"growing":[5],"in":[6,8,42,105,125],"popularity":[7],"educational":[9],"settings.":[10],"While":[11],"the":[12,30,35,43,139,173,187,208],"effects":[13],"of":[14,32,37,45,141,210],"AR":[15,33,166,215],"experiences":[16],"on":[17,28,34],"learning":[18,54,99,159],"have":[19],"been":[20],"widely":[21],"studied,":[22],"there":[23],"is":[24],"relatively":[25],"less":[26],"research":[27,92],"understanding":[29],"impact":[31],"dynamics":[36],"co-located":[38],"collaborative":[39,218],"learning,":[40,120],"specifically":[41],"context":[44,55],"novices":[46],"programming":[47,107],"robots.":[48],"Educational":[49],"robotics":[50],"a":[52,111,196],"powerful":[53],"because":[56],"they":[57],"engage":[58,104],"students":[59,81],"with":[60,129,186],"problem":[61,126,203],"solving,":[62],"critical":[63],"thinking,":[64],"STEM":[65],"(Science,":[66],"Technology,":[67],"Engineering,":[68],"Mathematics)":[69],"concepts,":[70],"and":[71,100,123,145,160,181,199,216],"collaboration":[72,101],"skills.":[73],"However,":[74],"such":[75],"collaborations":[76],"can":[77],"suffer":[78],"due":[79],"to":[80,85,115,149,179],"having":[82],"unequal":[83],"access":[84],"resources":[86],"or":[87],"dominant":[88],"peers.":[89,130],"In":[90],"this":[91],"we":[93],"investigate":[94,132],"how":[95,117,133],"augmented":[96,142,154,190],"impacts":[98],"while":[102,183],"peers":[103],"robot":[106],"activities.":[108,205],"We":[109,131,151,206],"use":[110],"mixed":[112],"methods":[113],"approach":[114],"measure":[116],"participants":[118,194],"manipulating":[121],"resources,":[122],"engaging":[124],"solving":[127,204],"activities":[128],"these":[134,211],"behaviors":[135],"impacted":[137],"by":[138,146,175],"presence":[140],"visualizations,":[144],"participants?":[147],"proximity":[148],"resources.":[150],"find":[152],"that":[153,165],"improved":[156],"overall":[157],"group":[158],"collaboration.":[161],"Detailed":[162],"analysis":[163],"shows":[164],"strongly":[167],"helps":[168,192],"one":[169],"participant":[170],"more":[171],"than":[172],"other,":[174],"improving":[176],"their":[177],"ability":[178],"learn":[180],"contribute":[182],"remaining":[184],"engaged":[185],"robot.":[188],"Furthermore,":[189],"both":[193],"maintain":[195],"common":[197],"ground":[198],"balance":[200],"contributions":[201],"during":[202],"discuss":[207],"implications":[209],"results":[212],"for":[213],"designing":[214],"non-AR":[217],"interfaces.":[219]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2026-05-21T06:26:12.895304","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
