{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3113447795","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3432198","title":"Authenticating Drivers Using Automotive Batteries","display_name":"Authenticating Drivers Using Automotive Batteries","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-12-17","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3113447795","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3432198","mag":"3113447795"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3432198","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3432198","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210219751","display_name":"Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive Mobile Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies","issn_l":"2474-9567","issn":["2474-9567"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319798","host_organization_name":"Association for Computing Machinery","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319798"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computing Machinery"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100745391","display_name":"Liang He","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0741-8795"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I921990950","display_name":"University of Colorado Denver","ror":"https://ror.org/02hh7en24","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I921990950"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Liang He","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Colorado Denver, Denver, CO"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Colorado Denver, Denver, CO","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I921990950"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5016472874","display_name":"Yuanchao Shu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9542-7095"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1290206253","display_name":"Microsoft (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/00d0nc645","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1290206253"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yuanchao Shu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Microsoft Research, Microsoft Building, Redmond, WA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Microsoft Research, Microsoft Building, Redmond, WA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1290206253"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5042142508","display_name":"Youngmoon Lee","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6393-2994"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4575257","display_name":"Hanyang University","ror":"https://ror.org/046865y68","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4575257"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Youngmoon Lee","raw_affiliation_strings":["Hanyang University, 55 Hanyangdaehakro Sangnokgu, Ansansi"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Hanyang University, 55 Hanyangdaehakro Sangnokgu, Ansansi","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4575257"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5085088480","display_name":"Dongyao Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5223-7304"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I27837315","display_name":"University of Michigan","ror":"https://ror.org/00jmfr291","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I27837315"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dongyao Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Michigan at Ann Arbor, Ann Arbor, MI"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Michigan at Ann Arbor, Ann Arbor, MI","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I27837315"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5053541912","display_name":"Kang G. Shin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0086-8777"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I27837315","display_name":"University of Michigan","ror":"https://ror.org/00jmfr291","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I27837315"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kang G. Shin","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Michigan at Ann Arbor, Ann Arbor, MI"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Michigan at Ann Arbor, Ann Arbor, MI","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I27837315"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5100745391"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I921990950"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.8354,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":3,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.82236051,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":96,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"4","issue":"4","first_page":"1","last_page":"27"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11800","display_name":"User Authentication and Security Systems","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11800","display_name":"User Authentication and Security Systems","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11667","display_name":"Advanced Chemical Sensor Technologies","score":0.9912999868392944,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10828","display_name":"Biometric Identification and Security","score":0.9797000288963318,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/automotive-industry","display_name":"Automotive industry","score":0.6626595854759216},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.6140613555908203},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/authentication","display_name":"Authentication (law)","score":0.5887644290924072},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/key","display_name":"Key (lock)","score":0.5175720453262329},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/vulnerability","display_name":"Vulnerability (computing)","score":0.4906703233718872},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/identification","display_name":"Identification (biology)","score":0.46970316767692566},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electric-vehicle","display_name":"Electric vehicle","score":0.45516762137413025},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.4451691210269928},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/automotive-engineering","display_name":"Automotive engineering","score":0.41275274753570557},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.3753233850002289}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C526921623","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190117","display_name":"Automotive industry","level":2,"score":0.6626595854759216},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.6140613555908203},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C148417208","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4825882","display_name":"Authentication (law)","level":2,"score":0.5887644290924072},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26517878","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228039","display_name":"Key (lock)","level":2,"score":0.5175720453262329},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95713431","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q631425","display_name":"Vulnerability (computing)","level":2,"score":0.4906703233718872},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C116834253","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2039217","display_name":"Identification (biology)","level":2,"score":0.46970316767692566},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776422217","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q13629441","display_name":"Electric vehicle","level":3,"score":0.45516762137413025},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.4451691210269928},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C171146098","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q124192","display_name":"Automotive engineering","level":1,"score":0.41275274753570557},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.3753233850002289},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C59822182","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q441","display_name":"Botany","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163258240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25342","display_name":"Power (physics)","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C146978453","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3798668","display_name":"Aerospace engineering","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/3432198","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3432198","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210219751","display_name":"Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive Mobile Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies","issn_l":"2474-9567","issn":["2474-9567"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319798","host_organization_name":"Association for Computing Machinery","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319798"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computing Machinery"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":29,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W282499614","https://openalex.org/W1227218023","https://openalex.org/W1519064427","https://openalex.org/W1574619919","https://openalex.org/W1842813322","https://openalex.org/W1989417520","https://openalex.org/W1989702938","https://openalex.org/W2016680626","https://openalex.org/W2021242760","https://openalex.org/W2067775505","https://openalex.org/W2069035496","https://openalex.org/W2084616221","https://openalex.org/W2100580805","https://openalex.org/W2120645859","https://openalex.org/W2124885613","https://openalex.org/W2136522490","https://openalex.org/W2150563191","https://openalex.org/W2151713296","https://openalex.org/W2157399244","https://openalex.org/W2162692670","https://openalex.org/W2163808566","https://openalex.org/W2166743687","https://openalex.org/W2304154713","https://openalex.org/W2324618222","https://openalex.org/W2494980014","https://openalex.org/W2536935267","https://openalex.org/W2596973054","https://openalex.org/W2757362440","https://openalex.org/W4250495190"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4382644535","https://openalex.org/W2522768275","https://openalex.org/W2352938035","https://openalex.org/W2351672553","https://openalex.org/W2373392303","https://openalex.org/W2765894405","https://openalex.org/W1884735063","https://openalex.org/W2372668238","https://openalex.org/W2892748340","https://openalex.org/W3216707083"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Automakers":[0],"have":[1,91],"been":[2],"improving,":[3],"or":[4],"even":[5],"trying":[6],"to":[7,14,17,48,77,83,104,133],"replace,":[8],"key-based":[9,53],"driver":[10,28,39],"authentication":[11,40],"solutions,":[12],"owing":[13],"their":[15,25,69],"vulnerability":[16],"cyber":[18],"attacks":[19],"and":[20,68,81,93,117],"single-point-of-failures,":[21],"as":[22,24,75],"well":[23],"inability":[26],"of":[27,52,87,125],"identification.":[29],"In":[30],"line":[31],"with":[32,108],"this":[33],"effort,":[34],"we":[35],"design":[36],"a":[37,57,109],"novel":[38],"system":[41],"using":[42],"automotive":[43],"batteries,":[44,70],"called":[45],"Batteries-as-Authenticators":[46],"(BAuth),":[47],"mitigate":[49],"the":[50,73,85,106,119,123],"limitations":[51],"solutions":[54],"by":[55,122],"providing":[56],"second-factor":[58],"authentication.":[59],"BAuth":[60,95,103],"is":[61],"an":[62],"add-on":[63],"module":[64],"installed":[65],"between":[66],"vehicles":[67],"which":[71],"uses":[72],"batteries":[74],"sensors":[76],"validate":[78],"drivers'":[79],"identities":[80],"actuators":[82],"enable/disable":[84],"cranking":[86],"vehicle's":[88],"engine.":[89],"We":[90],"prototyped":[92],"evaluated":[94],"on":[96],"6":[97],"regular/hybrid/electric":[98],"vehicles.":[99],"Our":[100,127],"evaluation":[101],"shows":[102],"authenticate":[105],"drivers":[107],"98.17":[110],"(2.84)%":[111],"averaged":[112],"true":[113],"(false)":[114],"positive":[115],"rates":[116],"tolerate":[118],"dynamics":[120],"caused":[121],"aging/temperature/state-of-charge":[124],"batteries.":[126],"user":[128],"study":[129],"corroborates":[130],"BAuth's":[131],"attractiveness":[132],"car":[134],"owners.":[135]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-05-21T06:26:12.895304","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}