{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3130023820","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3431234","title":"A Survey of Nature-Inspired Computing","display_name":"A Survey of Nature-Inspired Computing","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-02-11","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3130023820","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3431234","mag":"3130023820"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3431234","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3431234","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S157921468","display_name":"ACM Computing Surveys","issn_l":"0360-0300","issn":["0360-0300","1557-7341"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319798","host_organization_name":"Association for Computing Machinery","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319798"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computing Machinery"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ACM Computing Surveys","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"review","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://idus.us.es/handle//11441/107916","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5034581482","display_name":"Bosheng Song","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1479-5399"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I16609230","display_name":"Hunan University","ror":"https://ror.org/05htk5m33","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I16609230"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Bosheng Song","raw_affiliation_strings":["Hunan University, Changsha, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Hunan University, Changsha, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I16609230"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5078793726","display_name":"Kenli Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2635-7716"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I16609230","display_name":"Hunan University","ror":"https://ror.org/05htk5m33","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I16609230"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kenli Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["Hunan University, Changsha, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Hunan University, Changsha, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I16609230"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5059695510","display_name":"David Orellana-Mart\u00edn","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2892-6775"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I79238269","display_name":"Universidad de Sevilla","ror":"https://ror.org/03yxnpp24","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I79238269"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"David Orellana-Mart\u00edn","raw_affiliation_strings":["Universidad de Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Universidad de Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I79238269"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5075139255","display_name":"Mario J. P\u00e9rez-J\u00edmenez","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5055-0102"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I79238269","display_name":"Universidad de Sevilla","ror":"https://ror.org/03yxnpp24","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I79238269"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mario J. P\u00e9rez-Jim\u00e9nez","raw_affiliation_strings":["Universidad de Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Universidad de Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I79238269"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5019931763","display_name":"Ignacio P\u00e9rez\u2013Hurtado","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9735-7951"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I79238269","display_name":"Universidad de Sevilla","ror":"https://ror.org/03yxnpp24","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I79238269"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ignacio P\u00e9Rez-Hurtado","raw_affiliation_strings":["Universidad de Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Universidad de Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I79238269"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5034581482"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I16609230"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":4.707,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":81,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.96260047,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":99,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"54","issue":"1","first_page":"1","last_page":"31"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12029","display_name":"DNA and Biological Computing","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1312","display_name":"Molecular Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12029","display_name":"DNA and Biological Computing","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1312","display_name":"Molecular Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12784","display_name":"Modular Robots and Swarm Intelligence","score":0.9926000237464905,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2210","display_name":"Mechanical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10207","display_name":"Advanced biosensing and bioanalysis techniques","score":0.989799976348877,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1312","display_name":"Molecular Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/membrane-computing","display_name":"Membrane computing","score":0.9155054092407227},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/natural-computing","display_name":"Natural computing","score":0.8374617695808411},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/rotation-formalisms-in-three-dimensions","display_name":"Rotation formalisms in three dimensions","score":0.8246535658836365},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7793534994125366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/unconventional-computing","display_name":"Unconventional computing","score":0.5724732875823975},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/theoretical-computer-science","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","score":0.5225414633750916},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computability","display_name":"Computability","score":0.5046299695968628},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/p-system","display_name":"P system","score":0.4601922333240509},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/function","display_name":"Function (biology)","score":0.42574697732925415},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.35886943340301514},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.21240589022636414},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.13618487119674683}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C96011364","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6815122","display_name":"Membrane computing","level":2,"score":0.9155054092407227},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192979234","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176890","display_name":"Natural computing","level":2,"score":0.8374617695808411},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C171018156","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7370306","display_name":"Rotation formalisms in three dimensions","level":2,"score":0.8246535658836365},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7793534994125366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C23375383","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176499","display_name":"Unconventional computing","level":2,"score":0.5724732875823975},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C80444323","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2878974","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","level":1,"score":0.5225414633750916},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C152062344","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q818888","display_name":"Computability","level":2,"score":0.5046299695968628},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C70641290","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176974","display_name":"P system","level":2,"score":0.4601922333240509},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C14036430","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3736076","display_name":"Function (biology)","level":2,"score":0.42574697732925415},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.35886943340301514},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.21240589022636414},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.13618487119674683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78458016","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q840400","display_name":"Evolutionary biology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/3431234","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3431234","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S157921468","display_name":"ACM Computing Surveys","issn_l":"0360-0300","issn":["0360-0300","1557-7341"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319798","host_organization_name":"Association for Computing Machinery","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319798"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computing Machinery"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ACM Computing Surveys","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:idus.us.es:11441/107916","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://idus.us.es/handle//11441/107916","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400333","display_name":"idUS (Universidad de Sevilla)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I79238269","host_organization_name":"Universidad de Sevilla","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I79238269"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:idus.us.es:11441/107916","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://idus.us.es/handle//11441/107916","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400333","display_name":"idUS (Universidad de Sevilla)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I79238269","host_organization_name":"Universidad de Sevilla","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I79238269"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3100921537","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2020JJ4215","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322843","funder_display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of\u00a0Hunan Province"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4430803433","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61972138","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G985319491","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"531118010355","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335787","funder_display_name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322843","display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of\u00a0Hunan Province","ror":null},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335787","display_name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities","ror":null}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":107,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W22402840","https://openalex.org/W59280040","https://openalex.org/W146477491","https://openalex.org/W203808005","https://openalex.org/W1504677657","https://openalex.org/W1525511955","https://openalex.org/W1578258675","https://openalex.org/W1583437221","https://openalex.org/W1584587517","https://openalex.org/W1600165002","https://openalex.org/W1640823551","https://openalex.org/W1687601844","https://openalex.org/W1702774556","https://openalex.org/W1736606960","https://openalex.org/W1770254410","https://openalex.org/W1833513464","https://openalex.org/W1836318583","https://openalex.org/W1844663223","https://openalex.org/W1872284768","https://openalex.org/W1923871533","https://openalex.org/W1964420136","https://openalex.org/W1968290756","https://openalex.org/W1968400118","https://openalex.org/W1971681503","https://openalex.org/W1975121090","https://openalex.org/W1978997436","https://openalex.org/W1984586189","https://openalex.org/W1986699112","https://openalex.org/W1987191742","https://openalex.org/W1987502316","https://openalex.org/W1997677447","https://openalex.org/W2000376166","https://openalex.org/W2002388757","https://openalex.org/W2006413849","https://openalex.org/W2009528637","https://openalex.org/W2012947706","https://openalex.org/W2020796987","https://openalex.org/W2022455444","https://openalex.org/W2028802812","https://openalex.org/W2035718458","https://openalex.org/W2037330239","https://openalex.org/W2050824748","https://openalex.org/W2051112360","https://openalex.org/W2051931262","https://openalex.org/W2053946109","https://openalex.org/W2054751750","https://openalex.org/W2057810108","https://openalex.org/W2061719664","https://openalex.org/W2065714916","https://openalex.org/W2072459949","https://openalex.org/W2076209553","https://openalex.org/W2077100746","https://openalex.org/W2084545956","https://openalex.org/W2095430864","https://openalex.org/W2113997157","https://openalex.org/W2115404543","https://openalex.org/W2120102506","https://openalex.org/W2125285012","https://openalex.org/W2142660245","https://openalex.org/W2143723544","https://openalex.org/W2147332304","https://openalex.org/W2158708642","https://openalex.org/W2164898492","https://openalex.org/W2170625141","https://openalex.org/W2177744032","https://openalex.org/W2222482416","https://openalex.org/W2284330674","https://openalex.org/W2288389261","https://openalex.org/W2316965012","https://openalex.org/W2321650599","https://openalex.org/W2326253065","https://openalex.org/W2401745163","https://openalex.org/W2409440453","https://openalex.org/W2416489479","https://openalex.org/W2483242265","https://openalex.org/W2492002059","https://openalex.org/W2500832833","https://openalex.org/W2504129247","https://openalex.org/W2532651643","https://openalex.org/W2550560015","https://openalex.org/W2561675875","https://openalex.org/W2587837328","https://openalex.org/W2593703543","https://openalex.org/W2602645338","https://openalex.org/W2604708133","https://openalex.org/W2605228310","https://openalex.org/W2620980434","https://openalex.org/W2741836281","https://openalex.org/W2750538963","https://openalex.org/W2765541862","https://openalex.org/W2766472397","https://openalex.org/W2771416076","https://openalex.org/W2774968911","https://openalex.org/W2779923795","https://openalex.org/W2898296895","https://openalex.org/W2903140530","https://openalex.org/W2923293967","https://openalex.org/W2927717732","https://openalex.org/W2990263771","https://openalex.org/W3005708683","https://openalex.org/W3006097963","https://openalex.org/W3017199621","https://openalex.org/W3041809689","https://openalex.org/W3048686847","https://openalex.org/W4248657131","https://openalex.org/W6681517373","https://openalex.org/W6991183412"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2790090425","https://openalex.org/W2156302338","https://openalex.org/W2954812868","https://openalex.org/W1499667236","https://openalex.org/W3007836403","https://openalex.org/W415292458","https://openalex.org/W3130023820","https://openalex.org/W2273992316","https://openalex.org/W275882285","https://openalex.org/W2154763635"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Nature-inspired":[0],"computing":[1,7,39,43],"is":[2,12,40,45],"a":[3,28,91,122],"type":[4],"of":[5,17,34,55,66,76,124,129],"human-designed":[6],"motivated":[8],"by":[9,47],"nature,":[10],"which":[11],"based":[13],"on":[14],"the":[15,48,53],"employ":[16],"paradigms,":[18],"mechanisms,":[19],"and":[20,30,52,64,69,90,102,126],"principles":[21],"underlying":[22],"natural":[23,35],"systems.":[24],"In":[25],"this":[26],"article,":[27],"versatile":[29],"vigorous":[31],"bio-inspired":[32],"branch":[33],"computing,":[36,68],"named":[37,80],"membrane":[38,50,67,81,117],"discussed.":[41],"This":[42],"paradigm":[44],"aroused":[46],"internal":[49],"function":[51],"structure":[54],"biological":[56],"cells.":[57],"We":[58],"first":[59],"introduce":[60],"some":[61,71],"basic":[62,72],"concepts":[63],"formalisms":[65],"then":[70],"types":[73],"or":[74],"variants":[75],"P":[77,99,114,130],"systems":[78,82,115,131],"(also":[79],")":[83],"are":[84,96,119,132],"presented.":[85],"The":[86],"state-of-the-art":[87],"computability":[88],"theory":[89,95],"pioneering":[92],"computational":[93,107],"complexity":[94],"presented":[97],"with":[98,116],"system":[100],"frameworks":[101],"numerous":[103],"solutions":[104],"to":[105],"hard":[106],"problems":[108,128],"(especially":[109],"NP":[110],"-complete":[111],"problems)":[112],"via":[113],"division":[118],"reported.":[120],"Finally,":[121],"number":[123],"applications":[125],"open":[127],"briefly":[133],"described.":[134]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":20},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":18},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":17},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":14},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":9}],"updated_date":"2026-03-25T14:56:36.534964","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
