{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3168281069","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3430895.3460150","title":"Analyzing Student Reflection Sentiments and Problem-Solving Procedures in MOOCs","display_name":"Analyzing Student Reflection Sentiments and Problem-Solving Procedures in MOOCs","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-06-07","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3168281069","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3430895.3460150","mag":"3168281069"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3430895.3460150","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3430895.3460150","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the Eighth ACM Conference on Learning @ Scale","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/145950","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5081729855","display_name":"Alexander Shashkov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6651-7705"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I22675022","display_name":"Williams College","ror":"https://ror.org/04avkmd49","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I22675022"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Alexander Shashkov","raw_affiliation_strings":["Williams College, Williamstown, MA, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Williams College, Williamstown, MA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I22675022"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5005643400","display_name":"Robert Gold","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8257-4187"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I70571728","display_name":"Oberlin College","ror":"https://ror.org/05ac26z88","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I70571728"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Robert Gold","raw_affiliation_strings":["Oberlin College, Oberlin, OH, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Oberlin College, Oberlin, OH, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I70571728"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5025909389","display_name":"Erik Hemberg","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8905-1186"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Erik Hemberg","raw_affiliation_strings":["ALFA, MIT CSAIL, Cambridge, MA, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"ALFA, MIT CSAIL, Cambridge, MA, USA","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5051090664","display_name":"Byeongjo Kong","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7370-7985"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"ByeongJo Kong","raw_affiliation_strings":["ALFA, MIT CSAIL, Cambridge, MA, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"ALFA, MIT CSAIL, Cambridge, MA, USA","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5028474020","display_name":"Ana Bell","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9771-3845"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210110987","display_name":"IIT@MIT","ror":"https://ror.org/01wp8zh54","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I30771326","https://openalex.org/I4210110987"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ana Bell","raw_affiliation_strings":["MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210110987"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5000646181","display_name":"Una-May O\u2019Reilly","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6923-8445"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Una-May O'Reilly","raw_affiliation_strings":["ALFA, MIT CSAIL, Cambridge, MA, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"ALFA, MIT CSAIL, Cambridge, MA, USA","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5081729855"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I22675022"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.4199,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":4,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.68601423,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"247","last_page":"250"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10028","display_name":"Topic Modeling","score":0.9983000159263611,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10028","display_name":"Topic Modeling","score":0.9983000159263611,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11122","display_name":"Online Learning and Analytics","score":0.9965000152587891,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1706","display_name":"Computer Science Applications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10260","display_name":"Software Engineering Research","score":0.9911999702453613,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.795867919921875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reflection","display_name":"Reflection (computer programming)","score":0.7496630549430847},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/parsing","display_name":"Parsing","score":0.6790793538093567},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sentence","display_name":"Sentence","score":0.5271962285041809},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sentiment-analysis","display_name":"Sentiment analysis","score":0.4969647228717804},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.43757423758506775},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-science","display_name":"Data science","score":0.39100733399391174},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/natural-language-processing","display_name":"Natural language processing","score":0.38746577501296997},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics-education","display_name":"Mathematics education","score":0.3524883985519409},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psychology","display_name":"Psychology","score":0.13243836164474487},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/programming-language","display_name":"Programming language","score":0.11978337168693542}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.795867919921875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C65682993","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1056451","display_name":"Reflection (computer programming)","level":2,"score":0.7496630549430847},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C186644900","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q194152","display_name":"Parsing","level":2,"score":0.6790793538093567},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777530160","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q41796","display_name":"Sentence","level":2,"score":0.5271962285041809},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C66402592","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2271421","display_name":"Sentiment analysis","level":2,"score":0.4969647228717804},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.43757423758506775},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2522767166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2374463","display_name":"Data science","level":1,"score":0.39100733399391174},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204321447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30642","display_name":"Natural language processing","level":1,"score":0.38746577501296997},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C145420912","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q853077","display_name":"Mathematics education","level":1,"score":0.3524883985519409},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.13243836164474487},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.11978337168693542}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/3430895.3460150","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3430895.3460150","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the Eighth ACM Conference on Learning @ Scale","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:dspace.mit.edu:1721.1/145950","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/145950","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400425","display_name":"DSpace@MIT (Massachusetts Institute of Technology)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I63966007","host_organization_name":"Massachusetts Institute of Technology","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I63966007"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-nc","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"ACM|Proceedings of the Eighth ACM Conference on Learning @ Scale","raw_type":"http://purl.org/eprint/type/ConferencePaper"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:dspace.mit.edu:1721.1/145950","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/145950","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400425","display_name":"DSpace@MIT (Massachusetts Institute of Technology)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I63966007","host_organization_name":"Massachusetts Institute of Technology","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I63966007"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-nc","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"ACM|Proceedings of the Eighth ACM Conference on Learning @ Scale","raw_type":"http://purl.org/eprint/type/ConferencePaper"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4","score":0.8799999952316284,"display_name":"Quality Education"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":12,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1521626219","https://openalex.org/W2025721556","https://openalex.org/W2038043464","https://openalex.org/W2061922307","https://openalex.org/W2074363113","https://openalex.org/W2123442489","https://openalex.org/W2158728425","https://openalex.org/W2160660844","https://openalex.org/W2290683883","https://openalex.org/W2341884480","https://openalex.org/W2591830145","https://openalex.org/W3104524495"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2548633793","https://openalex.org/W3013279174","https://openalex.org/W2941935829","https://openalex.org/W2596247554","https://openalex.org/W3132372214","https://openalex.org/W4224284088","https://openalex.org/W4381248170","https://openalex.org/W3189621521","https://openalex.org/W2173794830","https://openalex.org/W1502858101"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Student":[0],"reflection":[1],"is":[2],"thought":[3],"to":[4,34,48,81],"be":[5],"an":[6,53],"important":[7],"part":[8],"of":[9,73],"retaining":[10],"and":[11,24,39,63,89],"understanding":[12],"knowledge":[13],"gained":[14],"in":[15],"a":[16],"course.":[17],"Using":[18],"natural":[19],"language":[20],"processing,":[21],"we":[22,78],"analyze":[23,82],"interpret":[25],"student":[26,74,83],"reflections":[27,43],"from":[28,50],"Massive":[29],"Open":[30],"Online":[31],"Courses":[32],"(MOOCs)":[33],"understand":[35],"the":[36,66],"students'":[37],"sentiments":[38],"problem-solving":[40,84,100],"procedures.":[41],"The":[42],"are":[44],"free":[45],"text":[46],"responses":[47],"questions":[49],"MIT":[51],"6.00.1x,":[52],"introductory":[54],"programming":[55],"MOOC.":[56],"We":[57,92],"compare":[58],"different":[59],"sentiment":[60,72],"analysis":[61],"methods,":[62],"conclude":[64],"that":[65],"best-performing":[67],"methods":[68,80],"can":[69,96],"robustly":[70],"classify":[71],"responses.":[75],"In":[76],"addition,":[77],"develop":[79],"procedures":[85,101],"using":[86],"sentence":[87],"parsing":[88],"topic":[90],"modeling.":[91],"find":[93],"our":[94],"method":[95],"distinguish":[97],"some":[98],"common":[99],"such":[102],"as":[103],"utilizing":[104],"course":[105],"resources.":[106]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-04-05T17:49:38.594831","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}