{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3170991778","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3430895.3460149","title":"Forecasting Undergraduate Majors Using Academic Transcript Data","display_name":"Forecasting Undergraduate Majors Using Academic Transcript Data","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-06-07","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3170991778","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3430895.3460149","mag":"3170991778"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3430895.3460149","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3430895.3460149","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the Eighth ACM Conference on Learning @ Scale","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5051831561","display_name":"David Lang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5415-0125"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I97018004","display_name":"Stanford University","ror":"https://ror.org/00f54p054","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I97018004"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"David Lang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I97018004"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100783910","display_name":"Alex Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3656-4284"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I97018004","display_name":"Stanford University","ror":"https://ror.org/00f54p054","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I97018004"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Alex Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I97018004"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5045099821","display_name":"Nathan Dalal","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I97018004","display_name":"Stanford University","ror":"https://ror.org/00f54p054","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I97018004"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Nathan Dalal","raw_affiliation_strings":["Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I97018004"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5071755113","display_name":"Andreas Paepcke","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I97018004","display_name":"Stanford University","ror":"https://ror.org/00f54p054","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I97018004"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Andreas Paepcke","raw_affiliation_strings":["Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I97018004"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5071075143","display_name":"Mitchell L. Stevens","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2194-9226"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I97018004","display_name":"Stanford University","ror":"https://ror.org/00f54p054","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I97018004"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mitchell Stevens","raw_affiliation_strings":["Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I97018004"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5051831561"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I97018004"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.9736,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":4,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.80053108,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11122","display_name":"Online Learning and Analytics","score":0.9879000186920166,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1706","display_name":"Computer Science Applications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11122","display_name":"Online Learning and Analytics","score":0.9879000186920166,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1706","display_name":"Computer Science Applications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11674","display_name":"Sports Analytics and Performance","score":0.9387000203132629,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10028","display_name":"Topic Modeling","score":0.9369000196456909,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/voting","display_name":"Voting","score":0.7486185431480408},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.613756000995636},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics-education","display_name":"Mathematics education","score":0.5820338129997253},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/class","display_name":"Class (philosophy)","score":0.5788232088088989},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/terminal","display_name":"Terminal (telecommunication)","score":0.5348265171051025},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scale","display_name":"Scale (ratio)","score":0.49049967527389526},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/course","display_name":"Course (navigation)","score":0.48552799224853516},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/undergraduate-education","display_name":"Undergraduate education","score":0.4831683039665222},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.3134675920009613},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psychology","display_name":"Psychology","score":0.25806355476379395},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/medical-education","display_name":"Medical education","score":0.25164324045181274},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.1116257905960083},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/political-science","display_name":"Political science","score":0.09216159582138062}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C520049643","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189760","display_name":"Voting","level":3,"score":0.7486185431480408},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.613756000995636},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C145420912","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q853077","display_name":"Mathematics education","level":1,"score":0.5820338129997253},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777212361","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5127848","display_name":"Class (philosophy)","level":2,"score":0.5788232088088989},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779664074","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3518405","display_name":"Terminal (telecommunication)","level":2,"score":0.5348265171051025},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778755073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10858537","display_name":"Scale (ratio)","level":2,"score":0.49049967527389526},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777552389","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1962728","display_name":"Course (navigation)","level":2,"score":0.48552799224853516},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2986314682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1430192","display_name":"Undergraduate education","level":2,"score":0.4831683039665222},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.3134675920009613},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.25806355476379395},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C509550671","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126945","display_name":"Medical education","level":1,"score":0.25164324045181274},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.1116257905960083},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.09216159582138062},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94625758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7163","display_name":"Politics","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C146978453","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3798668","display_name":"Aerospace engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/3430895.3460149","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3430895.3460149","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the Eighth ACM Conference on Learning @ Scale","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:RePEc:osf:edarxi:u2cwq","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://osf.io/download/6196e0af0b0c1e03e67fdb14/","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401271","display_name":"RePEc: Research Papers in Economics","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I77793887","host_organization_name":"Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I77793887"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"preprint"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4","display_name":"Quality Education","score":0.8700000047683716}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":12,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2192396160","https://openalex.org/W2227582790","https://openalex.org/W2283724848","https://openalex.org/W2288974277","https://openalex.org/W2572503805","https://openalex.org/W2791029376","https://openalex.org/W2907171927","https://openalex.org/W2963642516","https://openalex.org/W3033885574","https://openalex.org/W3091759883","https://openalex.org/W3092910844","https://openalex.org/W4249533595"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4318717247","https://openalex.org/W4362648715","https://openalex.org/W2009385780","https://openalex.org/W3082623308","https://openalex.org/W3211557223","https://openalex.org/W3120503679","https://openalex.org/W2007036916","https://openalex.org/W1973885977","https://openalex.org/W2359390960","https://openalex.org/W2120266540"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Committing":[0],"to":[1],"a":[2,5,44,80,99],"major":[3,25,55,89],"is":[4],"fateful":[6],"step":[7],"in":[8,19],"an":[9,20],"undergraduate's":[10],"education,":[11],"yet":[12],"the":[13,37,57],"relationship":[14],"between":[15,47],"courses":[16],"taken":[17],"early":[18],"academic":[21,38],"career":[22],"and":[23,49,74,96],"ultimate":[24],"choice":[26],"remains":[27],"little":[28],"studied":[29],"at":[30,43,63],"scale.":[31],"We":[32,51,66,77],"analyze":[33],"transcript":[34],"data":[35],"capturing":[36],"careers":[39],"of":[40,59],"26,892":[41],"undergraduates":[42],"private":[45],"university":[46,64],"2000":[48],"2020.":[50],"forecast":[52],"students'":[53],"terminal":[54,88],"on":[56],"basis":[58],"course-choice":[60],"sequences":[61],"beginning":[62],"entry.":[65],"represent":[67],"course":[68,85],"enrollment":[69],"history":[70],"using":[71],"natural-language":[72],"methods":[73],"vector":[75],"embeddings.":[76],"find":[78],"that":[79],"student's":[81],"very":[82],"first":[83],"enrolled":[84],"predicts":[86],"their":[87],"thirty":[90],"times":[91],"better":[92,101],"than":[93,98,102],"random":[94],"guessing":[95],"more":[97],"third":[100],"majority":[103],"class":[104],"voting.":[105]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-04-05T17:49:38.594831","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
