{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3016135927","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3428502.3428604","title":"Deep learning based multi-label text classification of UNGA resolutions","display_name":"Deep learning based multi-label text classification of UNGA resolutions","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-09-23","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3016135927","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3428502.3428604","mag":"3016135927"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3428502.3428604","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3428502.3428604","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 13th International Conference on Theory and Practice of Electronic Governance","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"preprint","indexed_in":["arxiv","crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2004.03455","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5056310041","display_name":"Francesco Sovrano","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6285-1041"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I9360294","display_name":"University of Bologna","ror":"https://ror.org/01111rn36","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I9360294"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Francesco Sovrano","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Bologna, Italy"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Bologna, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I9360294"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5001308754","display_name":"Monica Palmirani","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8557-8084"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I9360294","display_name":"University of Bologna","ror":"https://ror.org/01111rn36","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I9360294"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Monica Palmirani","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Bologna, Italy"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Bologna, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I9360294"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5029129300","display_name":"Fabio Vitali","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7562-5203"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I9360294","display_name":"University of Bologna","ror":"https://ror.org/01111rn36","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I9360294"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Fabio Vitali","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Bologna, Italy"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Bologna, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I9360294"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5056310041"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I9360294"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":3.2638,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":33,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.93417573,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":96,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"686","last_page":"695"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10664","display_name":"Sentiment Analysis and Opinion Mining","score":0.8507000207901001,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10664","display_name":"Sentiment Analysis and Opinion Mining","score":0.8507000207901001,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11550","display_name":"Text and Document Classification Technologies","score":0.8346999883651733,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13910","display_name":"Computational and Text Analysis Methods","score":0.8051999807357788,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3300","display_name":"General Social Sciences"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7795782685279846},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.6576307415962219},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/task","display_name":"Task (project management)","score":0.6202649474143982},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/exploit","display_name":"Exploit","score":0.577939510345459},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/context","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","score":0.5579262375831604},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/process","display_name":"Process (computing)","score":0.5438033938407898},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transfer-of-learning","display_name":"Transfer of learning","score":0.5173875093460083},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/set","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","score":0.5119946599006653},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/deep-learning","display_name":"Deep learning","score":0.5069591999053955},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.48562946915626526},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sentence","display_name":"Sentence","score":0.4680245518684387},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/domain","display_name":"Domain (mathematical analysis)","score":0.45123204588890076},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/encoder","display_name":"Encoder","score":0.45082777738571167},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.09983396530151367},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geography","display_name":"Geography","score":0.09340611100196838},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.083258718252182}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7795782685279846},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.6576307415962219},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780451532","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q759676","display_name":"Task (project management)","level":2,"score":0.6202649474143982},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165696696","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11287","display_name":"Exploit","level":2,"score":0.577939510345459},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779343474","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3109175","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","level":2,"score":0.5579262375831604},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98045186","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205663","display_name":"Process (computing)","level":2,"score":0.5438033938407898},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C150899416","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1820378","display_name":"Transfer of learning","level":2,"score":0.5173875093460083},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177264268","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1514741","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","level":2,"score":0.5119946599006653},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108583219","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q197536","display_name":"Deep learning","level":2,"score":0.5069591999053955},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.48562946915626526},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777530160","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q41796","display_name":"Sentence","level":2,"score":0.4680245518684387},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36503486","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11235244","display_name":"Domain (mathematical analysis)","level":2,"score":0.45123204588890076},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118505674","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42586063","display_name":"Encoder","level":2,"score":0.45082777738571167},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.09983396530151367},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.09340611100196838},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.083258718252182},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166957645","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23498","display_name":"Archaeology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C201995342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q682496","display_name":"Systems engineering","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/3428502.3428604","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3428502.3428604","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 13th International Conference on Theory and Practice of Electronic Governance","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:2004.03455","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/2004.03455","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2004.03455","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:doi:10.5167/uzh-263835","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":null,"pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4406922384","display_name":"Open MIND","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:cris.unibo.it:11585/785695","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3428502.3428604","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402579","display_name":"Archivio istituzionale della ricerca (Alma Mater Studiorum Universit\u00e0 di Bologna)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210117483","host_organization_name":"Istituto di Ematologia di Bologna","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210117483"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/conferenceObject"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:2004.03455","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/2004.03455","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2004.03455","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"No poverty","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/1","score":0.5299999713897705}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":34,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W48341122","https://openalex.org/W113586804","https://openalex.org/W160871333","https://openalex.org/W1836521361","https://openalex.org/W2101234009","https://openalex.org/W2131744502","https://openalex.org/W2140679639","https://openalex.org/W2144211451","https://openalex.org/W2153579005","https://openalex.org/W2169973248","https://openalex.org/W2196197460","https://openalex.org/W2250539671","https://openalex.org/W2418657627","https://openalex.org/W2489487449","https://openalex.org/W2493916176","https://openalex.org/W2513506629","https://openalex.org/W2574070988","https://openalex.org/W2604272474","https://openalex.org/W2612690371","https://openalex.org/W2747336051","https://openalex.org/W2761151171","https://openalex.org/W2794557536","https://openalex.org/W2802022891","https://openalex.org/W2882319491","https://openalex.org/W2900758626","https://openalex.org/W2906972420","https://openalex.org/W2963578416","https://openalex.org/W2963740900","https://openalex.org/W3000603264","https://openalex.org/W3102058420","https://openalex.org/W4285719527","https://openalex.org/W4294170691","https://openalex.org/W4385245566","https://openalex.org/W4403922928"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4206357785","https://openalex.org/W4281381188","https://openalex.org/W3192840557","https://openalex.org/W2951211570","https://openalex.org/W4375928479","https://openalex.org/W3167935049","https://openalex.org/W3023427754","https://openalex.org/W3131673289","https://openalex.org/W4393011546","https://openalex.org/W3198847674"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0],"main":[1],"goal":[2],"of":[3,24,55,66,82,91,101,121,127,133,137,207],"this":[4,111,154,159],"research":[5],"is":[6,98,160,172],"to":[7,19,37,45,86,178,219],"produce":[8],"a":[9,60,79,83,128,149,168,211],"useful":[10],"software":[11],"for":[12,106,110,193],"United":[13],"Nations":[14],"(UN),":[15],"that":[16,142,158,171],"could":[17],"help":[18],"speed":[20],"up":[21],"the":[22,26,30,39,42,64,67,88,102,119,131,186,205],"process":[23,85],"qualifying":[25],"UN":[27,56,216],"documents":[28,57],"following":[29],"Sustainable":[31],"Development":[32],"Goals":[33],"(SDGs)":[34],"in":[35,210],"order":[36],"monitor":[38],"progresses":[40],"at":[41,76],"world":[43],"level":[44],"fight":[46],"poverty,":[47],"discrimination,":[48],"climate":[49],"changes.":[50],"In":[51,130,153,164],"fact":[52,165],"human":[53],"labeling":[54,72],"would":[58],"be":[59,74],"daunting":[61],"task":[62],"given":[63],"size":[65],"impacted":[68],"corpus.":[69],"Thus,":[70],"automatic":[71],"must":[73],"adopted":[75],"least":[77],"as":[78,185],"first":[80],"step":[81],"multi-phase":[84],"reduce":[87],"overall":[89],"effort":[90],"cataloguing":[92],"and":[93,124],"classifying.":[94],"Deep":[95],"Learning":[96],"(DL)":[97],"nowadays":[99],"one":[100],"most":[103,221],"powerful":[104],"tools":[105],"state-of-the-art":[107],"(SOTA)":[108],"AI":[109],"task,":[112],"but":[113],"very":[114],"often":[115],"it":[116,140],"comes":[117],"with":[118],"cost":[120],"an":[122],"expensive":[123,200],"error-prone":[125],"preparation":[126],"training-set.":[129,152],"case":[132],"multi-label":[134],"text":[135,139],"classification":[136],"domain-specific":[138,151],"seems":[141],"we":[143,156,166],"cannot":[144],"effectively":[145],"adopt":[146],"DL":[147,182],"without":[148,190],"big-enough":[150],"paper,":[155],"show":[157,204],"not":[161],"always":[162],"true.":[163],"propose":[167],"novel":[169],"method":[170,209],"able,":[173],"through":[174],"statistics":[175],"like":[176],"TF-IDF,":[177],"exploit":[179],"pre-trained":[180],"SOTA":[181],"models":[183],"(such":[184],"Universal":[187],"Sentence":[188],"Encoder)":[189],"any":[191,198],"need":[192],"traditional":[194],"transfer":[195],"learning":[196],"or":[197],"other":[199],"training":[201],"procedure.":[202],"We":[203],"effectiveness":[206],"our":[208],"legal":[212],"context,":[213],"by":[214],"classifying":[215],"Resolutions":[217],"according":[218],"their":[220],"related":[222],"SDGs.":[223]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":5}],"updated_date":"2026-05-09T13:55:54.758798","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}