{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3095614956","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3428502.3428526","title":"Evaluating privacy during the COVID-19 public health emergency","display_name":"Evaluating privacy during the COVID-19 public health emergency","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-09-23","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3095614956","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3428502.3428526","mag":"3095614956"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3428502.3428526","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3428502.3428526","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 13th International Conference on Theory and Practice of Electronic Governance","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101430857","display_name":"Luis Felipe Ramos","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9105-3308"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210142904","display_name":"United Nations University","ror":"https://ror.org/04kkx4y96","country_code":"PT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210104502","https://openalex.org/I4210142904"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I99682543","display_name":"University of Minho","ror":"https://ror.org/037wpkx04","country_code":"PT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I99682543"]}],"countries":["PT"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Luis Felipe M. Ramos","raw_affiliation_strings":["United Nations University (UNU-EGOV) &amp; JusGov/Universidade do Minho, Guimar\u00e3es, Portugal"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"United Nations University (UNU-EGOV) &amp; JusGov/Universidade do Minho, Guimar\u00e3es, Portugal","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210142904","https://openalex.org/I99682543"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5101430857"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210142904","https://openalex.org/I99682543"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.1954,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":4,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.5067722,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"176","last_page":"179"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11448","display_name":"Face recognition and analysis","score":0.9911999702453613,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11448","display_name":"Face recognition and analysis","score":0.9911999702453613,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12943","display_name":"COVID-19 Digital Contact Tracing","score":0.9810000061988831,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10828","display_name":"Biometric Identification and Security","score":0.9639999866485596,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/coronavirus-disease-2019","display_name":"Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)","score":0.7074139714241028},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/internet-privacy","display_name":"Internet privacy","score":0.6997848153114319},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/biometrics","display_name":"Biometrics","score":0.6797332763671875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/personally-identifiable-information","display_name":"Personally identifiable information","score":0.6259002089500427},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/biometric-data","display_name":"Biometric data","score":0.6035259366035461},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/china","display_name":"China","score":0.6013000011444092},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/information-privacy","display_name":"Information privacy","score":0.5692837834358215},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/business","display_name":"Business","score":0.5359988808631897},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.48144811391830444},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/facial-recognition-system","display_name":"Facial recognition system","score":0.4519384801387787},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/2019-20-coronavirus-outbreak","display_name":"2019-20 coronavirus outbreak","score":0.43539977073669434},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.3416249752044678},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/political-science","display_name":"Political science","score":0.1977049708366394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/medicine","display_name":"Medicine","score":0.1882006824016571},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.07781538367271423}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3008058167","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q84263196","display_name":"Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)","level":4,"score":0.7074139714241028},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108827166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175975","display_name":"Internet privacy","level":1,"score":0.6997848153114319},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C184297639","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q177765","display_name":"Biometrics","level":2,"score":0.6797332763671875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169093310","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3702971","display_name":"Personally identifiable information","level":2,"score":0.6259002089500427},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2989513435","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q177765","display_name":"Biometric data","level":3,"score":0.6035259366035461},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C191935318","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q148","display_name":"China","level":2,"score":0.6013000011444092},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C123201435","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q456632","display_name":"Information privacy","level":2,"score":0.5692837834358215},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.5359988808631897},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.48144811391830444},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31510193","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1192553","display_name":"Facial recognition system","level":3,"score":0.4519384801387787},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3006700255","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q81068910","display_name":"2019-20 coronavirus outbreak","level":3,"score":0.43539977073669434},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.3416249752044678},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.1977049708366394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.1882006824016571},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.07781538367271423},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159047783","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7215","display_name":"Virology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C524204448","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q788926","display_name":"Infectious disease (medical specialty)","level":3,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779134260","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12136","display_name":"Disease","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C116675565","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3241045","display_name":"Outbreak","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142724271","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7208","display_name":"Pathology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/3428502.3428526","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3428502.3428526","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 13th International Conference on Theory and Practice of Electronic Governance","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","score":0.6000000238418579}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1233412953","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"NORTE-01-0145-FEDER-000037","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335322","funder_display_name":"European Regional Development Fund"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335322","display_name":"European Regional Development Fund","ror":"https://ror.org/00k4n6c32"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":16,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1995348911","https://openalex.org/W2136621770","https://openalex.org/W2145278263","https://openalex.org/W2469532945","https://openalex.org/W2521198946","https://openalex.org/W2756141987","https://openalex.org/W2768805237","https://openalex.org/W2894371675","https://openalex.org/W2954000063","https://openalex.org/W2990961119","https://openalex.org/W3012831839","https://openalex.org/W3036048113","https://openalex.org/W4206409761","https://openalex.org/W4229973095","https://openalex.org/W4232382574","https://openalex.org/W4251106922"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2070951564","https://openalex.org/W4235304214","https://openalex.org/W2348616196","https://openalex.org/W2081577055","https://openalex.org/W4205513058","https://openalex.org/W3183904581","https://openalex.org/W4206056428","https://openalex.org/W1942112330","https://openalex.org/W4386159983","https://openalex.org/W2084010922"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,82],"present":[1,60],"article":[2],"aims":[3],"to":[4,10,13,30,36,96],"discuss":[5],"how":[6],"governments":[7],"have":[8,42],"turned":[9],"biometric":[11],"technologies":[12],"fight":[14],"the":[15,21,28,93,105],"spread":[16],"of":[17,23,33,63],"COVID-19,":[18],"mainly":[19],"through":[20],"adoption":[22],"facial":[24,64],"recognition":[25,65],"technologies,":[26],"and":[27,57,69,74,100,107],"risks":[29],"people's":[31,98],"privacy":[32,99],"inadequate":[34],"measures":[35],"protect":[37,97],"their":[38,67,72,101],"personal":[39,102],"data.":[40],"We":[41],"identified":[43],"seven":[44],"systems":[45],"from":[46],"different":[47],"countries":[48],"(i.e.,":[49],"China,":[50],"France,":[51],"Israel,":[52],"Poland,":[53],"Singapore,":[54],"South":[55],"Korea,":[56],"Russia)":[58],"that":[59],"some":[61],"form":[62],"during":[66],"operation":[68],"pointed":[70],"out":[71],"functionalities":[73],"released":[75],"information":[76],"on":[77],"safeguards":[78,95],"for":[79],"data":[80,83,103],"protection.":[81],"collected":[84],"so":[85],"far":[86],"has":[87],"shown":[88],"that,":[89],"in":[90,104],"most":[91],"countries,":[92],"necessary":[94],"short-term":[106],"long-term,":[108],"are":[109],"not":[110],"receiving":[111],"sufficient":[112],"considerations.":[113]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
