{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3097123799","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3428502.3428507","title":"Mapping crime descriptions to law articles using deep learning","display_name":"Mapping crime descriptions to law articles using deep learning","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-09-23","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3097123799","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3428502.3428507","mag":"3097123799"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3428502.3428507","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3428502.3428507","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 13th International Conference on Theory and Practice of Electronic Governance","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5104023333","display_name":"Marco Vink","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210145896","display_name":"Ministry of Security and Justice","ror":"https://ror.org/04nzhmg91","country_code":"NL","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210140876","https://openalex.org/I4210145896"]}],"countries":["NL"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Marco Vink","raw_affiliation_strings":["Research and Documentation Centre, Ministry of Justice and Security, Netherlands"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Research and Documentation Centre, Ministry of Justice and Security, Netherlands","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210145896"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5060955590","display_name":"Niels Netten","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4988-0072"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210145896","display_name":"Ministry of Security and Justice","ror":"https://ror.org/04nzhmg91","country_code":"NL","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210140876","https://openalex.org/I4210145896"]}],"countries":["NL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Niels Netten","raw_affiliation_strings":["Research and Documentation Centre, Ministry of Justice and Security, Netherlands"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Research and Documentation Centre, Ministry of Justice and Security, Netherlands","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210145896"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5065846991","display_name":"Mortaza S. Bargh","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5395-456X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210145896","display_name":"Ministry of Security and Justice","ror":"https://ror.org/04nzhmg91","country_code":"NL","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210140876","https://openalex.org/I4210145896"]}],"countries":["NL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mortaza S. Bargh","raw_affiliation_strings":["Research and Documentation Centre, Ministry of Justice and Security, Netherlands"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Research and Documentation Centre, Ministry of Justice and Security, Netherlands","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210145896"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5031337960","display_name":"S.W. van den Braak","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7389-0209"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210145896","display_name":"Ministry of Security and Justice","ror":"https://ror.org/04nzhmg91","country_code":"NL","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210140876","https://openalex.org/I4210145896"]}],"countries":["NL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Susan van den Braak","raw_affiliation_strings":["Research and Documentation Centre, Ministry of Justice and Security, Netherlands"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Research and Documentation Centre, Ministry of Justice and Security, Netherlands","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210145896"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5023772220","display_name":"Sunil Choenni","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2772-6330"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210145896","display_name":"Ministry of Security and Justice","ror":"https://ror.org/04nzhmg91","country_code":"NL","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210140876","https://openalex.org/I4210145896"]}],"countries":["NL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sunil Choenni","raw_affiliation_strings":["Research and Documentation Centre, Ministry of Justice and Security, Netherlands"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Research and Documentation Centre, Ministry of Justice and Security, Netherlands","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210145896"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5104023333"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210145896"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.6721,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":3,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.89239762,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"33","last_page":"43"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13643","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence in Law","score":0.9988999962806702,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3320","display_name":"Political Science and International Relations"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13643","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence in Law","score":0.9988999962806702,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3320","display_name":"Political Science and International Relations"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10028","display_name":"Topic Modeling","score":0.989300012588501,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12034","display_name":"Digital and Cyber Forensics","score":0.9760000109672546,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sentence","display_name":"Sentence","score":0.7019798755645752},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6972589492797852},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/element","display_name":"Element (criminal law)","score":0.5708379149436951},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/notation","display_name":"Notation","score":0.5623654723167419},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/word","display_name":"Word (group theory)","score":0.5473504066467285},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/criminal-law","display_name":"Criminal law","score":0.5249372124671936},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/deep-learning","display_name":"Deep learning","score":0.4919750392436981},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/key","display_name":"Key (lock)","score":0.44843193888664246},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sequence","display_name":"Sequence (biology)","score":0.44065001606941223},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.4076516330242157},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/natural-language-processing","display_name":"Natural language processing","score":0.3684694170951843},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-science","display_name":"Data science","score":0.3290010690689087},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/information-retrieval","display_name":"Information retrieval","score":0.3279488682746887},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/law","display_name":"Law","score":0.3130113184452057},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.1815977692604065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/political-science","display_name":"Political science","score":0.14804959297180176},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/linguistics","display_name":"Linguistics","score":0.1448339819908142}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777530160","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q41796","display_name":"Sentence","level":2,"score":0.7019798755645752},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6972589492797852},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C200288055","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2621792","display_name":"Element (criminal law)","level":2,"score":0.5708379149436951},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C45357846","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2001982","display_name":"Notation","level":2,"score":0.5623654723167419},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C90805587","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10944557","display_name":"Word (group theory)","level":2,"score":0.5473504066467285},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C202565627","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q146491","display_name":"Criminal law","level":2,"score":0.5249372124671936},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108583219","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q197536","display_name":"Deep learning","level":2,"score":0.4919750392436981},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26517878","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228039","display_name":"Key (lock)","level":2,"score":0.44843193888664246},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778112365","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3511065","display_name":"Sequence (biology)","level":2,"score":0.44065001606941223},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.4076516330242157},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204321447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30642","display_name":"Natural language processing","level":1,"score":0.3684694170951843},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2522767166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2374463","display_name":"Data science","level":1,"score":0.3290010690689087},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C23123220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q816826","display_name":"Information retrieval","level":1,"score":0.3279488682746887},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.3130113184452057},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.1815977692604065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.14804959297180176},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.1448339819908142},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54355233","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7162","display_name":"Genetics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/3428502.3428507","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3428502.3428507","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 13th International Conference on Theory and Practice of Electronic Governance","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:hbo:oai:hbokennisbank.nl:sharekit_hr:oai:surfsharekit.nl:ada0b7f4-22dd-4810-9c39-7a005bcbc43e","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://surfsharekit.nl/public/ada0b7f4-22dd-4810-9c39-7a005bcbc43e","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401843","display_name":"Data Archiving and Networked Services (DANS)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1322597698","host_organization_name":"Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1322597698"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"ICEGOV 2020: Proceedings of the 13th International Conference on Theory and Practice of Electronic Governance, 2020, 33 - 43. New York: Association for Computing Machinery","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/conferenceobject"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.8100000023841858,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":27,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W124542521","https://openalex.org/W1663984431","https://openalex.org/W1905782493","https://openalex.org/W2020278455","https://openalex.org/W2060821241","https://openalex.org/W2131571251","https://openalex.org/W2134079792","https://openalex.org/W2150791090","https://openalex.org/W2156876426","https://openalex.org/W2257979135","https://openalex.org/W2292240591","https://openalex.org/W2567575208","https://openalex.org/W2729016304","https://openalex.org/W2731777151","https://openalex.org/W2761434131","https://openalex.org/W2784604116","https://openalex.org/W2884001105","https://openalex.org/W2905810301","https://openalex.org/W2919358988","https://openalex.org/W2946558277","https://openalex.org/W2963667932","https://openalex.org/W2964308564","https://openalex.org/W3004179397","https://openalex.org/W3162753513","https://openalex.org/W6633581241","https://openalex.org/W6683161558","https://openalex.org/W6757493485"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2504004674","https://openalex.org/W2963177394","https://openalex.org/W4313359513","https://openalex.org/W2498744856","https://openalex.org/W4390482104","https://openalex.org/W322408318","https://openalex.org/W149041114","https://openalex.org/W1965815883","https://openalex.org/W763418848","https://openalex.org/W2377581752"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0,83],"the":[1,5,39,50,58,70,77,88,95,98,116,119,140,154,157,178,183],"operational":[2],"systems":[3],"of":[4,42,54,60,79,94,101,118,126,156,169],"Dutch":[6],"Public":[7],"Prosecution":[8],"Service,":[9],"data":[10,68,120],"about":[11],"criminal":[12],"cases":[13],"are":[14],"registered.":[15],"This":[16],"information":[17,27],"is":[18,38,46,171],"used":[19],"to":[20,75,90,97,160],"generate":[21],"crime":[22,40,71,96,158],"statistics":[23,37],"or":[24],"other":[25],"management":[26],"as":[28],"input":[29],"for":[30,35,139],"policymaking.":[31],"A":[32],"key":[33],"element":[34],"these":[36,61,80,129],"type":[41],"a":[43,105,124,143,166],"case,":[44],"which":[45],"normally":[47],"deduced":[48],"from":[49],"registered":[51,62],"law":[52,63,81,102,161],"articles":[53,64,103,162],"each":[55],"case.":[56],"However":[57],"quality":[59],"has":[65],"shortcomings.":[66],"Additional":[67],"describing":[69],"could":[72,185],"be":[73,181,186],"useful":[74],"enhance":[76],"equality":[78],"articles.":[82],"this":[84],"paper":[85],"we":[86,132],"investigate":[87],"possibility":[89],"map":[91],"additional":[92],"descriptions":[93],"formal":[99],"notations":[100],"using":[104],"deep":[106],"learning":[107],"neural":[108],"network":[109],"approach":[110],"called":[111],"sequence-to-sequence":[112],"learning.":[113],"We":[114],"describe":[115],"characteristics":[117],"and":[121,145,173],"carry":[122],"out":[123],"number":[125],"experiments":[127],"on":[128],"data.":[130],"Subsequently,":[131],"compare":[133],"two":[134],"approaches:":[135],"a)":[136],"one-hot":[137],"encoding":[138],"words":[141],"in":[142,177],"sentence":[144],"b)":[146],"pre-trained":[147],"word":[148],"embeddings.":[149],"The":[150],"results":[151],"show":[152],"that":[153],"mapping":[155],"description":[159],"works":[163],"reasonably":[164],"well:":[165],"measured":[167],"accuracy":[168],"91%":[170],"reached,":[172],"when":[174],"some":[175],"issues":[176],"dataset":[179],"would":[180],"resolved":[182],"performance":[184],"even":[187],"higher.":[188]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}