{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3107502392","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3428278","title":"Testing consensus implementations using communication closure","display_name":"Testing consensus implementations using communication closure","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-11-13","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3107502392","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3428278","mag":"3107502392"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3428278","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3428278","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3428278","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210216081","display_name":"Proceedings of the ACM on Programming Languages","issn_l":"2475-1421","issn":["2475-1421"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319798","host_organization_name":"Association for Computing Machinery","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319798"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computing Machinery"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the ACM on Programming Languages","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"diamond","oa_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3428278","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5105116463","display_name":"Cezara Dr\u0103goi","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1326498283","display_name":"Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies du num\u00e9rique","ror":"https://ror.org/02kvxyf05","country_code":"FR","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1326498283"]}],"countries":["FR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Cezara Dr\u0103goi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Inria, France / Informal Systems, France"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Inria, France / Informal Systems, France","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1326498283"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5040528930","display_name":"Constantin Enea","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2727-8865"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1294671590","display_name":"Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique","ror":"https://ror.org/02feahw73","country_code":"FR","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1294671590"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204730241","display_name":"Universit\u00e9 Paris Cit\u00e9","ror":"https://ror.org/05f82e368","country_code":"FR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204730241"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210117673","display_name":"Institut de Recherche en Informatique Fondamentale","ror":"https://ror.org/02krdtz55","country_code":"FR","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1294671590","https://openalex.org/I1294671590","https://openalex.org/I204730241","https://openalex.org/I4210089394","https://openalex.org/I4210117673","https://openalex.org/I4210139971"]}],"countries":["FR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Constantin Enea","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Paris, France / IRIF, France / CNRS, France"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Paris, France / IRIF, France / CNRS, France","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210117673","https://openalex.org/I204730241","https://openalex.org/I1294671590"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5019138419","display_name":"Burcu Kulahcioglu Ozkan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7038-165X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210121786","display_name":"Max Planck Institute for Software Systems","ror":"https://ror.org/02pe2kf23","country_code":"DE","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I149899117","https://openalex.org/I4210121786"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Burcu Kulahcioglu Ozkan","raw_affiliation_strings":["MPI-SWS, Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"MPI-SWS, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210121786"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5081010207","display_name":"Rupak Majumdar","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2136-0542"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210121786","display_name":"Max Planck Institute for Software Systems","ror":"https://ror.org/02pe2kf23","country_code":"DE","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I149899117","https://openalex.org/I4210121786"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Rupak Majumdar","raw_affiliation_strings":["MPI-SWS, Germany"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2136-0542","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"MPI-SWS, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210121786"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5072101985","display_name":"Filip Niksic","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I36788626","display_name":"California University of Pennsylvania","ror":"https://ror.org/01spssf70","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I36788626"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I79576946","display_name":"University of Pennsylvania","ror":"https://ror.org/00b30xv10","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I79576946"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Filip Niksic","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Pennsylvania, USA","University of Pennsylvania (3451 Walnut Street, Philadelphia, PA 19104 | 215-898-5000 - United States)"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Pennsylvania, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I36788626"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Pennsylvania (3451 Walnut Street, Philadelphia, PA 19104 | 215-898-5000 - United States)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I79576946"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":3,"institutions_distinct_count":7,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.9265,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":13,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.7776695,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"4","issue":"OOPSLA","first_page":"1","last_page":"29"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10772","display_name":"Distributed systems and fault tolerance","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10772","display_name":"Distributed systems and fault tolerance","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12127","display_name":"Software System Performance and Reliability","score":0.9986000061035156,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10101","display_name":"Cloud Computing and Resource Management","score":0.9872000217437744,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8703793287277222},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/correctness","display_name":"Correctness","score":0.8334224820137024},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/asynchronous-communication","display_name":"Asynchronous communication","score":0.6993851661682129},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/lossy-compression","display_name":"Lossy compression","score":0.6596513986587524},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematical-proof","display_name":"Mathematical proof","score":0.6551589369773865},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/random-testing","display_name":"Random testing","score":0.6008898019790649},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/distributed-computing","display_name":"Distributed computing","score":0.5035068392753601},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/distributed-algorithm","display_name":"Distributed algorithm","score":0.47417962551116943},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/consensus","display_name":"Consensus","score":0.44488224387168884},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/process","display_name":"Process (computing)","score":0.43605583906173706},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/theoretical-computer-science","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","score":0.35597407817840576},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.3533342778682709},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/test-case","display_name":"Test case","score":0.2488064467906952},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/programming-language","display_name":"Programming language","score":0.19806388020515442},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.12394866347312927}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8703793287277222},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55439883","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q360812","display_name":"Correctness","level":2,"score":0.8334224820137024},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151319957","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q752739","display_name":"Asynchronous communication","level":2,"score":0.6993851661682129},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165021410","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q55564","display_name":"Lossy compression","level":2,"score":0.6596513986587524},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108710211","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11538","display_name":"Mathematical proof","level":2,"score":0.6551589369773865},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C106159264","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17146789","display_name":"Random testing","level":4,"score":0.6008898019790649},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120314980","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180634","display_name":"Distributed computing","level":1,"score":0.5035068392753601},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C130120984","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2835898","display_name":"Distributed algorithm","level":2,"score":0.47417962551116943},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107107730","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2994424","display_name":"Consensus","level":3,"score":0.44488224387168884},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98045186","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205663","display_name":"Process (computing)","level":2,"score":0.43605583906173706},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C80444323","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2878974","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","level":1,"score":0.35597407817840576},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.3533342778682709},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C128942645","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1568346","display_name":"Test case","level":3,"score":0.2488064467906952},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.19806388020515442},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.12394866347312927},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41550386","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q529909","display_name":"Multi-agent system","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C152877465","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q208042","display_name":"Regression analysis","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/3428278","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3428278","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3428278","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210216081","display_name":"Proceedings of the ACM on Programming Languages","issn_l":"2475-1421","issn":["2475-1421"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319798","host_organization_name":"Association for Computing Machinery","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319798"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computing Machinery"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the ACM on Programming Languages","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:HAL:hal-03134294v1","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://inria.hal.science/hal-03134294","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402512","display_name":"HAL (Le Centre pour la Communication Scientifique Directe)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1294671590","host_organization_name":"Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1294671590"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"SPLASH 2020 : ACM SIGPLAN conference on Systems, Programming, Languages, and Applications: Software for Humanity, Oct 2021, Chiccago / Virtual, United States. ⟨10.1145/3428278⟩","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/conferenceObject"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3428278","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3428278","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3428278","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210216081","display_name":"Proceedings of the ACM on Programming Languages","issn_l":"2475-1421","issn":["2475-1421"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319798","host_organization_name":"Association for Computing Machinery","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319798"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computing Machinery"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the ACM on Programming Languages","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","score":0.5600000023841858}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1510891895","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"389792660 TRR 248","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320879","funder_display_name":"Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G21788768","display_name":"imPACT \u2013 Privacy, Accountability, Compliance, and Trust in Tomorrow\u2019s Internet","funder_award_id":"610150","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320300","funder_display_name":"European Commission"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2460980462","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"389792660 TRR 248--CPEC","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320879","funder_display_name":"Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3032849772","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"TRR 248","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320879","funder_display_name":"Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4857926890","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"610150, 678177","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320338352","funder_display_name":"FP7 Ideas: European Research Council"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6803667113","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"ANR-17","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320883","funder_display_name":"Agence Nationale de la Recherche"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6824709330","display_name":"Formal specification and verification of distributed data structures","funder_award_id":"678177","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320300","funder_display_name":"European Commission"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7107445882","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"ANR-17-CE25","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320883","funder_display_name":"Agence Nationale de la Recherche"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G749642779","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"SAFTA 12744-ANR-17-CE25-0008-01","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320325505","funder_display_name":"Agence Nationale pour le D\u00e9veloppement de la Recherche Universitaire"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8185353524","display_name":"Static analysis of fault-tolerant distributed algorithms","funder_award_id":"ANR-17-CE25-0008","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320883","funder_display_name":"Agence Nationale de la Recherche"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G890954746","display_name":"TRR 248: Grundlagen verst\u00e4ndlicher SoftwareSysteme  f\u00fcr eine nachvollziehbare cyberphysische Welt","funder_award_id":"389792660","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320879","funder_display_name":"Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320313934","display_name":"Institut national de recherche en informatique et en automatique (INRIA)","ror":"https://ror.org/02kvxyf05"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320300","display_name":"European Commission","ror":"https://ror.org/00k4n6c32"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320879","display_name":"Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft","ror":"https://ror.org/018mejw64"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320883","display_name":"Agence Nationale de la Recherche","ror":"https://ror.org/00rbzpz17"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320325505","display_name":"Agence Nationale pour le D\u00e9veloppement de la Recherche Universitaire","ror":null},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320338352","display_name":"FP7 Ideas: European Research Council","ror":"https://ror.org/0472cxd90"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3107502392.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3107502392.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":43,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W45951652","https://openalex.org/W1486705761","https://openalex.org/W1493367105","https://openalex.org/W1626908390","https://openalex.org/W1683896837","https://openalex.org/W1847696060","https://openalex.org/W1858035675","https://openalex.org/W1984340066","https://openalex.org/W1988336888","https://openalex.org/W2000832815","https://openalex.org/W2003214215","https://openalex.org/W2035362408","https://openalex.org/W2042981544","https://openalex.org/W2045271686","https://openalex.org/W2058696974","https://openalex.org/W2067740651","https://openalex.org/W2075053226","https://openalex.org/W2087019828","https://openalex.org/W2087946700","https://openalex.org/W2091776255","https://openalex.org/W2109213558","https://openalex.org/W2110059387","https://openalex.org/W2135948849","https://openalex.org/W2143149536","https://openalex.org/W2155037890","https://openalex.org/W2167814583","https://openalex.org/W2285931649","https://openalex.org/W2606939423","https://openalex.org/W2734941459","https://openalex.org/W2762951336","https://openalex.org/W2884199446","https://openalex.org/W2898333178","https://openalex.org/W2899510293","https://openalex.org/W2900035213","https://openalex.org/W2913498875","https://openalex.org/W2934650114","https://openalex.org/W2963870476","https://openalex.org/W2979636764","https://openalex.org/W2981593401","https://openalex.org/W4214844336","https://openalex.org/W4230480080","https://openalex.org/W4254906220","https://openalex.org/W4289420647"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1995805316","https://openalex.org/W2387503788","https://openalex.org/W2059658550","https://openalex.org/W2803920876","https://openalex.org/W50067980","https://openalex.org/W2999957348","https://openalex.org/W2964219139","https://openalex.org/W2537685543","https://openalex.org/W2020715069","https://openalex.org/W1561685359"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Large":[0],"scale":[1],"production":[2,255],"distributed":[3,115,187,256],"systems":[4,257],"are":[5,155,230],"difficult":[6,48],"to":[7,23,49,100,128,139],"design":[8],"and":[9,26,153,197,223,262,264],"test.":[10],"Correctness":[11],"must":[12],"be":[13],"ensured":[14],"when":[15],"processes":[16,148],"run":[17],"asynchronously,":[18],"at":[19,226],"arbitrary":[20],"rates":[21],"relative":[22],"each":[24],"other,":[25],"in":[27,51,111,150,158,184,193,220],"the":[28,72,79,88,107,124,135,159,176,208,216,221,224],"presence":[29],"of":[30,44,64,67,83,85,87,103,114,123,137,170,186,218,250],"failures,":[31],"e.g.,":[32],"process":[33],"crashes":[34],"or":[35,61,162],"message":[36],"losses.":[37],"These":[38],"conditions":[39],"create":[40],"a":[41,52,101,129,144,167,199,213,235,248],"huge":[42],"space":[43,210],"executions":[45,66,165,196,244],"that":[46,95,119,141,182,234],"is":[47,126],"explore":[50],"principled":[53],"way.":[54],"Current":[55],"testing":[56,200,237],"techniques":[57],"focus":[58],"on":[59,203,212,215,240],"systematic":[60],"randomized":[62],"exploration":[63],"all":[65,171],"an":[68],"implementation":[69],"while":[70],"treating":[71],"implemented":[73],"algorithms":[74,90,189],"as":[75,259],"black":[76],"boxes.":[77],"On":[78],"other":[80],"hand,":[81],"proofs":[82,113],"correctness":[84,99],"many":[86,112],"underlying":[89],"often":[91],"exploit":[92],"semantic":[93],"properties":[94],"reduce":[96],"reasoning":[97],"about":[98],"subset":[102,169],"behaviors.":[104],"For":[105],"example,":[106],"communication-closure":[108,177],"property,":[109],"used":[110],"consensus":[116,188],"algorithms,":[117],"shows":[118],"every":[120],"asynchronous":[121,172],"execution":[122,222],"algorithm":[125,201,238],"equivalent":[127],"lossy":[130,145,194,242],"synchronous":[131,146,195,243],"execution,":[132,147],"thus":[133],"reducing":[134],"burden":[136],"proof":[138],"only":[140],"subset.":[142],"In":[143],"execute":[149],"lock-step":[151],"rounds,":[152],"messages":[154],"either":[156],"received":[157],"same":[160],"round":[161],"lost":[163],"forever\u2014such":[164],"form":[166],"small":[168],"ones.":[173],"We":[174,206,232],"formulate":[175],"hypothesis":[178],",":[179],"which":[180,227],"states":[181],"bugs":[183],"implementations":[185],"will":[190],"already":[191],"manifest":[192],"present":[198],"based":[202,211,239],"this":[204],"hypothesis.":[205],"prioritize":[207],"search":[209],"bound":[214],"number":[217,249],"failures":[219,229],"rate":[225],"these":[228],"recovered.":[231],"show":[233],"random":[236],"sampling":[241],"can":[245],"empirically":[246],"find":[247],"bugs\u2014including":[251],"previously":[252],"unknown":[253],"ones\u2014in":[254],"such":[258],"Zookeeper,":[260],"Cassandra,":[261],"Ratis,":[263],"also":[265],"produce":[266],"more":[267],"understandable":[268],"bug":[269],"traces.":[270]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-07-03T08:13:44.112507","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}