{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3108851260","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3428253","title":"Perfectly parallel fairness certification of neural networks","display_name":"Perfectly parallel fairness certification of neural networks","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-11-13","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3108851260","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3428253","mag":"3108851260"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3428253","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3428253","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3428253","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210216081","display_name":"Proceedings of the ACM on Programming Languages","issn_l":"2475-1421","issn":["2475-1421"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319798","host_organization_name":"Association for Computing Machinery","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319798"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computing Machinery"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the ACM on Programming Languages","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"diamond","oa_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3428253","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5077439185","display_name":"Caterina Urban","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8127-9642"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1294671590","display_name":"Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique","ror":"https://ror.org/02feahw73","country_code":"FR","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1294671590"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1326498283","display_name":"Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies du num\u00e9rique","ror":"https://ror.org/02kvxyf05","country_code":"FR","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1326498283"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2746051580","display_name":"Universit\u00e9 Paris Sciences et Lettres","ror":"https://ror.org/013cjyk83","country_code":"FR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2746051580"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I29607241","display_name":"\u00c9cole Normale Sup\u00e9rieure - PSL","ror":"https://ror.org/05a0dhs15","country_code":"FR","type":"other","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2746051580","https://openalex.org/I29607241"]}],"countries":["FR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Caterina Urban","raw_affiliation_strings":["Inria, France / ENS, France / CNRS, France / PSL University, France"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Inria, France / ENS, France / CNRS, France / PSL University, France","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1294671590","https://openalex.org/I1326498283","https://openalex.org/I2746051580","https://openalex.org/I29607241"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5064181052","display_name":"Maria Christakis","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2649-1958"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210121786","display_name":"Max Planck Institute for Software Systems","ror":"https://ror.org/02pe2kf23","country_code":"DE","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I149899117","https://openalex.org/I4210121786"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Maria Christakis","raw_affiliation_strings":["MPI-SWS, Germany","Max Planck Institute for Software Systems"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"MPI-SWS, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210121786"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Max Planck Institute for Software Systems","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210121786"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5087604407","display_name":"Valentin W\u00fcstholz","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1496-1104"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210102518","display_name":"ConsenSys (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/01a2p6r88","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210102518"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Valentin W\u00fcstholz","raw_affiliation_strings":["ConsenSys, Germany","ConsenSys Diligence"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"ConsenSys, Germany","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"ConsenSys Diligence","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210102518"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101905312","display_name":"Fuyuan Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0001-6560-5102"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210121786","display_name":"Max Planck Institute for Software Systems","ror":"https://ror.org/02pe2kf23","country_code":"DE","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I149899117","https://openalex.org/I4210121786"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Fuyuan Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["MPI-SWS, Germany","Max Planck Institute for Software Systems"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"MPI-SWS, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210121786"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Max Planck Institute for Software Systems","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210121786"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":3,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":4.2895,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":61,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.95255866,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"4","issue":"OOPSLA","first_page":"1","last_page":"30"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11689","display_name":"Adversarial Robustness in Machine Learning","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11689","display_name":"Adversarial Robustness in Machine Learning","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10883","display_name":"Ethics and Social Impacts of AI","score":0.9909999966621399,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3311","display_name":"Safety Research"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10764","display_name":"Privacy-Preserving Technologies in Data","score":0.9878000020980835,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/certification","display_name":"Certification","score":0.8936295509338379},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8204925060272217},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scalability","display_name":"Scalability","score":0.7687122821807861},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-neural-network","display_name":"Artificial neural network","score":0.6515163779258728},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software","display_name":"Software","score":0.6050984859466553},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.5230532884597778},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.484181672334671},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software-engineering","display_name":"Software engineering","score":0.36413872241973877},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-mining","display_name":"Data mining","score":0.3562336266040802},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-engineering","display_name":"Computer engineering","score":0.3417114317417145},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-science","display_name":"Data science","score":0.32674768567085266},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/programming-language","display_name":"Programming language","score":0.13943582773208618},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operating-system","display_name":"Operating system","score":0.08687618374824524}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C46304622","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q374814","display_name":"Certification","level":2,"score":0.8936295509338379},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8204925060272217},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48044578","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q727490","display_name":"Scalability","level":2,"score":0.7687122821807861},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.6515163779258728},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777904410","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7397","display_name":"Software","level":2,"score":0.6050984859466553},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.5230532884597778},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.484181672334671},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115903868","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q80993","display_name":"Software engineering","level":1,"score":0.36413872241973877},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.3562336266040802},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C113775141","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q428691","display_name":"Computer engineering","level":1,"score":0.3417114317417145},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2522767166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2374463","display_name":"Data science","level":1,"score":0.32674768567085266},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.13943582773208618},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.08687618374824524},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/3428253","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3428253","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3428253","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210216081","display_name":"Proceedings of the ACM on Programming Languages","issn_l":"2475-1421","issn":["2475-1421"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319798","host_organization_name":"Association for Computing Machinery","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319798"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computing Machinery"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the ACM on Programming Languages","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:HAL:hal-03091870v1","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://inria.hal.science/hal-03091870","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402512","display_name":"HAL (Le Centre pour la Communication Scientifique Directe)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1294671590","host_organization_name":"Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1294671590"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the ACM on Programming Languages, 2020, 4 (OOPSLA), pp.1-30. ⟨10.1145/3428253⟩","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3428253","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3428253","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3428253","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210216081","display_name":"Proceedings of the ACM on Programming Languages","issn_l":"2475-1421","issn":["2475-1421"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319798","host_organization_name":"Association for Computing Machinery","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319798"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computing Machinery"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the ACM on Programming Languages","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions","score":0.7900000214576721}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3032849772","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"TRR 248","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320879","funder_display_name":"Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G890954746","display_name":"TRR 248: Grundlagen verst\u00e4ndlicher SoftwareSysteme  f\u00fcr eine nachvollziehbare cyberphysische Welt","funder_award_id":"389792660","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320879","funder_display_name":"Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320879","display_name":"Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft","ror":"https://ror.org/018mejw64"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3108851260.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3108851260.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":75,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W178079818","https://openalex.org/W1518247129","https://openalex.org/W1518592224","https://openalex.org/W1665214252","https://openalex.org/W1819662813","https://openalex.org/W1849426162","https://openalex.org/W1921152384","https://openalex.org/W1932198206","https://openalex.org/W1966571454","https://openalex.org/W2014352947","https://openalex.org/W2014764321","https://openalex.org/W2019411264","https://openalex.org/W2043100293","https://openalex.org/W2101512909","https://openalex.org/W2109276114","https://openalex.org/W2114614628","https://openalex.org/W2129740858","https://openalex.org/W2132661148","https://openalex.org/W2143891888","https://openalex.org/W2144743033","https://openalex.org/W2149252982","https://openalex.org/W2165073069","https://openalex.org/W2230740169","https://openalex.org/W2464785945","https://openalex.org/W2516574342","https://openalex.org/W2517229335","https://openalex.org/W2529251251","https://openalex.org/W2530395818","https://openalex.org/W2543296129","https://openalex.org/W2557283755","https://openalex.org/W2594877703","https://openalex.org/W2616028256","https://openalex.org/W2619479788","https://openalex.org/W2624319794","https://openalex.org/W2730550703","https://openalex.org/W2735457297","https://openalex.org/W2753845591","https://openalex.org/W2762833920","https://openalex.org/W2794609696","https://openalex.org/W2797273612","https://openalex.org/W2809701591","https://openalex.org/W2884426148","https://openalex.org/W2900153411","https://openalex.org/W2910185446","https://openalex.org/W2917325587","https://openalex.org/W2931831036","https://openalex.org/W2962977061","https://openalex.org/W2963003451","https://openalex.org/W2963207607","https://openalex.org/W2963453196","https://openalex.org/W2963742154","https://openalex.org/W2963857521","https://openalex.org/W2963913218","https://openalex.org/W2964060106","https://openalex.org/W2964116855","https://openalex.org/W2964253222","https://openalex.org/W2970338090","https://openalex.org/W2980222512","https://openalex.org/W2981639301","https://openalex.org/W2981869278","https://openalex.org/W2994725839","https://openalex.org/W3015401978","https://openalex.org/W3123374861","https://openalex.org/W3158747708","https://openalex.org/W4287815733","https://openalex.org/W4301183355","https://openalex.org/W4301726735","https://openalex.org/W6638208828","https://openalex.org/W6652652271","https://openalex.org/W6674670287","https://openalex.org/W6728551298","https://openalex.org/W6744110554","https://openalex.org/W6750974570","https://openalex.org/W6752595042","https://openalex.org/W6766565651"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2066052364","https://openalex.org/W2224296908","https://openalex.org/W3109981693","https://openalex.org/W2381980429","https://openalex.org/W2023743128","https://openalex.org/W2384206113","https://openalex.org/W645983410","https://openalex.org/W2401692867","https://openalex.org/W2057053421","https://openalex.org/W2272054949"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Recently,":[0],"there":[1],"is":[2],"growing":[3],"concern":[4],"that":[5],"machine-learned":[6],"software,":[7],"which":[8],"currently":[9],"assists":[10],"or":[11,41],"even":[12],"automates":[13],"decision":[14],"making,":[15],"reproduces,":[16],"and":[17,33,82,100,106,122],"in":[18,25,96,102,116],"the":[19,26,84,91],"worst":[20],"case":[21],"reinforces,":[22],"bias":[23],"present":[24],"training":[27],"data.":[28,70],"The":[29],"development":[30],"of":[31,38,61,68,104],"tools":[32],"techniques":[34],"for":[35,58,66],"certifying":[36,59],"fairness":[37,60],"this":[39,49],"software":[40],"describing":[42],"its":[43,124],"biases":[44],"is,":[45],"therefore,":[46],"critical.":[47],"In":[48],"paper,":[50],"we":[51],"propose":[52],"a":[53],"perfectly":[54],"parallel":[55],"static":[56],"analysis":[57,92],"feed-forward":[62],"neural":[63,127],"networks":[64,128],"used":[65],"classification":[67],"tabular":[69],"When":[71],"certification":[72],"succeeds,":[73],"our":[74,114],"approach":[75,115],"provides":[76],"definite":[77],"guarantees,":[78],"otherwise,":[79],"it":[80],"describes":[81],"quantifies":[83],"biased":[85],"input":[86],"space":[87],"regions.":[88],"We":[89,112],"design":[90],"to":[93],"be":[94],"sound,":[95],"practice":[97],"also":[98],"exact,":[99],"configurable":[101],"terms":[103],"scalability":[105],"precision,":[107],"thereby":[108],"enabling":[109],"pay-as-you-go":[110],"certification.":[111],"implement":[113],"an":[117],"open-source":[118],"tool":[119],"called":[120],"Libra":[121],"demonstrate":[123],"effectiveness":[125],"on":[126,130],"trained":[129],"popular":[131],"datasets.":[132]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":19},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":14},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-07-22T07:51:19.307946","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}