{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3095252820","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3428090","title":"Tweeting During the Covid-19 Pandemic","display_name":"Tweeting During the Covid-19 Pandemic","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-10-30","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3095252820","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3428090","mag":"3095252820"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3428090","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3428090","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3428090","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210232200","display_name":"Digital Government Research and Practice","issn_l":"2639-0175","issn":["2639-0175","2691-199X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319798","host_organization_name":"Association for Computing Machinery","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319798"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computing Machinery"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Digital Government: Research and Practice","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"bronze","oa_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3428090","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5075685641","display_name":"Ussama Yaqub","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8452-2089"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I207789805","display_name":"Lahore University of Management Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/05b5x4a35","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I207789805"]}],"countries":["PK"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Ussama Yaqub","raw_affiliation_strings":["Lahore University of Management Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Lahore University of Management Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I207789805"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5075685641"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I207789805"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":4.5342,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":18,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.95197282,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":91,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"2","issue":"1","first_page":"1","last_page":"7"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11147","display_name":"Misinformation and Its Impacts","score":0.9988999962806702,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11147","display_name":"Misinformation and Its Impacts","score":0.9988999962806702,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10664","display_name":"Sentiment Analysis and Opinion Mining","score":0.9979000091552734,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12592","display_name":"Opinion Dynamics and Social Influence","score":0.9749000072479248,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3109","display_name":"Statistical and Nonlinear Physics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/coronavirus-disease-2019","display_name":"Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)","score":0.8268965482711792},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pandemic","display_name":"Pandemic","score":0.8017373085021973},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/witness","display_name":"Witness","score":0.7692010402679443},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sentiment-analysis","display_name":"Sentiment analysis","score":0.6525279879570007},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/2019-20-coronavirus-outbreak","display_name":"2019-20 coronavirus outbreak","score":0.5953048467636108},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/toll","display_name":"Toll","score":0.5916748642921448},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/severe-acute-respiratory-syndrome-coronavirus-2","display_name":"Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2)","score":0.5855724215507507},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/death-toll","display_name":"Death toll","score":0.5849450826644897},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/china","display_name":"China","score":0.49680283665657043},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fake-news","display_name":"Fake news","score":0.4331130385398865},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/coronavirus","display_name":"Coronavirus","score":0.43035775423049927},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/political-science","display_name":"Political science","score":0.37899404764175415},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/advertising","display_name":"Advertising","score":0.27933791279792786},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/virology","display_name":"Virology","score":0.27603504061698914},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.22905761003494263},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/demography","display_name":"Demography","score":0.21437019109725952},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/medicine","display_name":"Medicine","score":0.21194010972976685},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/business","display_name":"Business","score":0.2029968500137329},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sociology","display_name":"Sociology","score":0.163479745388031},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/natural-language-processing","display_name":"Natural language processing","score":0.14748525619506836},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/law","display_name":"Law","score":0.1297459602355957}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3008058167","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q84263196","display_name":"Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)","level":4,"score":0.8268965482711792},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89623803","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12184","display_name":"Pandemic","level":5,"score":0.8017373085021973},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776900844","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8028383","display_name":"Witness","level":2,"score":0.7692010402679443},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C66402592","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2271421","display_name":"Sentiment analysis","level":2,"score":0.6525279879570007},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3006700255","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q81068910","display_name":"2019-20 coronavirus outbreak","level":3,"score":0.5953048467636108},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778025104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q408004","display_name":"Toll","level":2,"score":0.5916748642921448},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3007834351","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q82069695","display_name":"Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2)","level":5,"score":0.5855724215507507},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2991839399","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q96476851","display_name":"Death toll","level":2,"score":0.5849450826644897},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C191935318","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q148","display_name":"China","level":2,"score":0.49680283665657043},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779756789","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q28549308","display_name":"Fake news","level":2,"score":0.4331130385398865},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777648638","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q57751738","display_name":"Coronavirus","level":5,"score":0.43035775423049927},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.37899404764175415},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C112698675","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37038","display_name":"Advertising","level":1,"score":0.27933791279792786},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159047783","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7215","display_name":"Virology","level":1,"score":0.27603504061698914},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.22905761003494263},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149923435","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37732","display_name":"Demography","level":1,"score":0.21437019109725952},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.21194010972976685},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.2029968500137329},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.163479745388031},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204321447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30642","display_name":"Natural language processing","level":1,"score":0.14748525619506836},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.1297459602355957},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142724271","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7208","display_name":"Pathology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779134260","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12136","display_name":"Disease","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C524204448","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q788926","display_name":"Infectious disease (medical specialty)","level":3,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C203014093","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101929","display_name":"Immunology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C116675565","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3241045","display_name":"Outbreak","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/3428090","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3428090","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3428090","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210232200","display_name":"Digital Government Research and Practice","issn_l":"2639-0175","issn":["2639-0175","2691-199X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319798","host_organization_name":"Association for Computing Machinery","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319798"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computing Machinery"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Digital Government: Research and Practice","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3428090","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3428090","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3428090","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210232200","display_name":"Digital Government Research and Practice","issn_l":"2639-0175","issn":["2639-0175","2691-199X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319798","host_organization_name":"Association for Computing Machinery","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319798"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computing Machinery"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Digital Government: Research and Practice","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","score":0.8500000238418579,"display_name":"Good health and well-being"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3095252820.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3095252820.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":18,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1981048805","https://openalex.org/W2227904035","https://openalex.org/W2346826749","https://openalex.org/W2597270458","https://openalex.org/W2611885487","https://openalex.org/W2769000698","https://openalex.org/W2805289586","https://openalex.org/W2805765768","https://openalex.org/W2944796298","https://openalex.org/W2970046962","https://openalex.org/W2975760178","https://openalex.org/W2980185253","https://openalex.org/W2987070014","https://openalex.org/W3010476702","https://openalex.org/W3015216621","https://openalex.org/W3016994297","https://openalex.org/W3035939752","https://openalex.org/W3123771878"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2890518300","https://openalex.org/W2366687089","https://openalex.org/W588843504","https://openalex.org/W2757240192","https://openalex.org/W2382947717","https://openalex.org/W592613903","https://openalex.org/W2353712315","https://openalex.org/W588210059","https://openalex.org/W652222537","https://openalex.org/W2249630128"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0],"this":[1],"article,":[2],"we":[3,83],"utilize":[4],"VADER,":[5],"a":[6,41,86],"rule-based":[7],"model,":[8],"to":[9,91],"perform":[10],"sentiment":[11,48,93],"analysis":[12],"of":[13,23,49,55,68],"tweets":[14,70],"by":[15],"President":[16],"Donald":[17],"Trump":[18],"during":[19],"the":[20,24,28,33,37,47,53,59,66,72],"early":[21],"spread":[22],"Covid-19":[25,56],"pandemic":[26,73],"across":[27],"United":[29,60],"States,":[30,61],"making":[31],"it":[32],"worst-hit":[34],"country":[35],"in":[36,58,94],"world.":[38],"We":[39],"discover":[40],"statistically":[42],"significant":[43],"negative":[44,92],"correlation":[45],"between":[46],"his":[50,69,95],"messages":[51,96],"and":[52,80,99],"number":[54],"cases":[57],"indicating":[62],"an":[63],"effect":[64],"on":[65,77],"tone":[67],"as":[71],"took":[74],"its":[75],"toll":[76],"American":[78],"lives":[79],"economy.":[81],"Furthermore,":[82],"also":[84],"witness":[85],"gradual":[87],"shift":[88],"from":[89],"positive":[90],"mentioning":[97],"China":[98],"coronavirus":[100],"together.":[101]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}