{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3108889363","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3428029.3428040","title":"Exploring the Bug Investigation Techniques of Intermediate Student Programmers","display_name":"Exploring the Bug Investigation Techniques of Intermediate Student Programmers","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-11-19","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3108889363","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3428029.3428040","mag":"3108889363"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3428029.3428040","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3428029.3428040","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Koli Calling '20: Proceedings of the 20th Koli Calling International Conference on Computing Education Research","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5089521510","display_name":"Rifat Sabbir Mansur","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0007-2490-3828"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I859038795","display_name":"Virginia Tech","ror":"https://ror.org/02smfhw86","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I859038795"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Rifat Sabbir Mansur","raw_affiliation_strings":["Virginia Tech, United States"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Virginia Tech, United States","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I859038795"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5084083704","display_name":"Ayaan M. Kazerouni","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6574-1278"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I859038795","display_name":"Virginia Tech","ror":"https://ror.org/02smfhw86","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I859038795"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ayaan M. Kazerouni","raw_affiliation_strings":["Virginia Tech, United States"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Virginia Tech, United States","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I859038795"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5076981879","display_name":"Stephen H. Edwards","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5162-9314"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I859038795","display_name":"Virginia Tech","ror":"https://ror.org/02smfhw86","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I859038795"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Stephen H. Edwards","raw_affiliation_strings":["Virginia Tech, United States"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Virginia Tech, United States","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I859038795"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5012542741","display_name":"Clifford A. Shaffer","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0001-0295"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I859038795","display_name":"Virginia Tech","ror":"https://ror.org/02smfhw86","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I859038795"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Clifford A. Shaffer","raw_affiliation_strings":["Virginia Tech, United States"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Virginia Tech, United States","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I859038795"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5089521510"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I859038795"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.8007,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":8,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.81229533,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"10"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10260","display_name":"Software Engineering Research","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10260","display_name":"Software Engineering Research","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10743","display_name":"Software Testing and Debugging Techniques","score":0.9993000030517578,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1712","display_name":"Software"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10430","display_name":"Software Engineering Techniques and Practices","score":0.9976000189781189,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/debugger","display_name":"Debugger","score":0.9717161655426025},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/debugging","display_name":"Debugging","score":0.9271887540817261},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.755382776260376},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/unit-testing","display_name":"Unit testing","score":0.6407045722007751},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tracing","display_name":"Tracing","score":0.590777575969696},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/programming-language","display_name":"Programming language","score":0.5719711184501648},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software-engineering","display_name":"Software engineering","score":0.5708175897598267},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software-bug","display_name":"Software bug","score":0.49794840812683105},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/test","display_name":"Test (biology)","score":0.49754598736763},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithmic-program-debugging","display_name":"Algorithmic program debugging","score":0.4807819724082947},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/clickstream","display_name":"Clickstream","score":0.45463651418685913},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software","display_name":"Software","score":0.41113534569740295}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778485113","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193231","display_name":"Debugger","level":3,"score":0.9717161655426025},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C168065819","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q845566","display_name":"Debugging","level":2,"score":0.9271887540817261},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.755382776260376},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C148027188","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q907375","display_name":"Unit testing","level":3,"score":0.6407045722007751},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138673069","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q322229","display_name":"Tracing","level":2,"score":0.590777575969696},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.5719711184501648},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115903868","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q80993","display_name":"Software engineering","level":1,"score":0.5708175897598267},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C1009929","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q179550","display_name":"Software bug","level":3,"score":0.49794840812683105},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777267654","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3519023","display_name":"Test (biology)","level":2,"score":0.49754598736763},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136388014","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17084976","display_name":"Algorithmic program debugging","level":3,"score":0.4807819724082947},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138744977","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5132438","display_name":"Clickstream","level":5,"score":0.45463651418685913},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777904410","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7397","display_name":"Software","level":2,"score":0.41113534569740295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C130436687","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7978591","display_name":"Web modeling","level":3,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C35578498","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193424","display_name":"Web service","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127613066","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q557770","display_name":"Web API","level":4,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151730666","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7205","display_name":"Paleontology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/3428029.3428040","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3428029.3428040","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Koli Calling '20: Proceedings of the 20th Koli Calling International Conference on Computing Education Research","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Quality Education","score":0.4699999988079071,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":26,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1574060188","https://openalex.org/W1993199499","https://openalex.org/W2004451884","https://openalex.org/W2019111806","https://openalex.org/W2033952602","https://openalex.org/W2041064082","https://openalex.org/W2064135357","https://openalex.org/W2081704050","https://openalex.org/W2082679772","https://openalex.org/W2101800785","https://openalex.org/W2102734438","https://openalex.org/W2113302524","https://openalex.org/W2146146233","https://openalex.org/W2155788121","https://openalex.org/W2201703831","https://openalex.org/W2220912187","https://openalex.org/W2284072287","https://openalex.org/W2611232581","https://openalex.org/W2732853452","https://openalex.org/W2748218905","https://openalex.org/W2794673032","https://openalex.org/W3137815000","https://openalex.org/W4230439518","https://openalex.org/W4240463245","https://openalex.org/W4246553962","https://openalex.org/W4251628379"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W68341597","https://openalex.org/W2034766600","https://openalex.org/W1601811574","https://openalex.org/W1446179004","https://openalex.org/W1559721426","https://openalex.org/W574972759","https://openalex.org/W2163352147","https://openalex.org/W1587224678","https://openalex.org/W1507918455","https://openalex.org/W3108889363"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Bug":[0],"investigation":[1,18,30],"\u2013":[2,6],"testing":[3,47,85],"and":[4,48,86,105,124,153,164,225],"debugging":[5,49],"is":[7],"a":[8,41,54],"significant":[9],"part":[10],"of":[11,16,51,69,121,138,140,144,155,174,218,229],"software":[12],"development.":[13,23],"Ineffective":[14],"practices":[15,31,50,207,228],"bug":[17,29,230],"can":[19],"greatly":[20],"hinder":[21],"project":[22,71,211],"Therefore,":[24],"we":[25,39,65,76,114,203],"seek":[26],"to":[27,44,102,134,183],"understand":[28],"among":[32],"intermediate":[33],"student":[34],"programmers.":[35],"To":[36],"this":[37],"end,":[38],"used":[40,131,158,178,192],"mixed-methods":[42],"approach":[43],"study":[45],"the":[46,74,110,136,141,156,165,172,175,200,216],"students":[52,68,81,157,176,190],"in":[53,186,199],"junior-level":[55],"Data":[56],"Structures":[57],"course":[58],"with":[59,209],"3\u20134":[60],"week":[61],"long":[62],"projects.":[63,188,201],"First,":[64],"interviewed":[66],"12":[67],"varying":[70],"performances.":[72],"From":[73],"interviews,":[75],"identified":[77,204],"five":[78],"techniques":[79,123,194],"that":[80,149,171,215],"use":[82,120,139],"for":[83],"both":[84],"debugging:":[87],"1)":[88],"writing":[89],"diagnostic":[90,161],"print":[91,162],"statements,":[92,163],"2)":[93],"unit":[94],"testing,":[95,160],"3)":[96],"using":[97],"source-level":[98,166],"debugger,":[99,167],"4)":[100],"submission":[101],"online":[103],"auto-grader,":[104],"5)":[106],"manual":[107],"tracing.":[108],"Using":[109],"Grounded":[111],"Theory":[112],"approach,":[113],"developed":[115],"four":[116,143],"hypotheses":[117],"regarding":[118],"students\u2019":[119],"multiple":[122,193],"their":[125,187],"possible":[126],"impact":[127],"on":[128],"performance.":[129],"We":[130,147,169,213],"clickstream":[132],"data":[133],"analyze":[135],"level":[137],"first":[142],"these":[145],"techniques.":[146],"found":[148,170],"over":[150],"92%,":[151],"87%,":[152],"73%":[154],"JUnit":[159],"respectively.":[168],"majority":[173],"(91%)":[177],"more":[179],"than":[180],"one":[181],"technique":[182],"investigate":[184],"bugs":[185],"Moreover,":[189],"who":[191],"had":[195],"overall":[196],"better":[197,227],"performance":[198],"Finally,":[202],"some":[205],"ineffective":[206],"correlated":[208],"lower":[210],"scores.":[212],"believe":[214],"findings":[217],"our":[219],"research":[220],"will":[221],"help":[222],"understand,":[223],"characterize,":[224],"teach":[226],"investigation.":[231]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
